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Ethnicities
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.928
Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 23  
 
  Hybrid Journal Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1468-7968 - ISSN (Online) 1741-2706
Published by Sage Publications Homepage  [1176 journals]
  • Books received

    • Free pre-print version: Loading...

      Pages: 523 - 523
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Volume 23, Issue 3, Page 523-523, June 2023.

      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-05-18T03:23:54Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231171537
      Issue No: Vol. 23, No. 3 (2023)
       
  • The will for racial justice

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      Authors: Nadia Fadil
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.

      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-05-11T04:21:33Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231176073
       
  • Negotiating between gender, national and professional identities: The
           work-experience of israeli-palestinian women journalists

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      Authors: Einat Lachover
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This paper analyzes the work experience of Israeli-Palestinian women journalists who reside and work in Israel for local news organizations or non-Israeli news agencies. It focuses on their experiences related to the intersected axes of their gender, ethnic, and national identities. Through thematic analysis of narrative interviews with 24 Palestinian women journalists, the study reveals that their work experiences vary between exclusion and inclusion among different news organizations. Israeli-Palestinian women journalists face barriers getting jobs at mainstream news agencies because of their accent; and when they apply to local Arab news organizations, they confront recruiting procedures based on a clan system that discriminates against women. However, a few of them report an advantage when trying to enter mainstream news organizations based on their image as an “authentic Arab woman.” Additionally, the study finds that the professional identity of all interviewees is closely connected to their ideological perceptions and political aims.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-05-05T01:17:59Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231173759
       
  • Greening self-government' incorporation of environmental justifications
           into sub-state nationalist claim making in Spain

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      Authors: Stephanie Kerr
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Regional nationalism in Spain – particularly those movements in Catalonia and the Basque Country – have been characterized at the parliamentary level by political parties from both the traditional left and right of the political spectrum. While calls for greater autonomy and even secession are made from both ends of that spectrum, the framings of their calls for self-government vary in content and scope. Since the turn into the 21st century, sub-state nationalist parties of the left - those more typically associated with a prioritization of environmental concerns - in both regions have taken an increased share of the seats in their respective parliaments. Over the same period, climate change has increasingly moved to the front of the list of the concerns of European citizens. This paper investigates the degree to which key regional nationalists of the left have moved to incorporate environmental and climate change concerns into their claim making, narrative, and framings, highlighting both regional, and governance level comparative dynamics.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-05-04T12:03:13Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231171168
       
  • Optimism and the wreckage of racial injustice

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      Authors: Adrian Favell
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.

      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-05-04T09:27:57Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231173238
       
  • Race as injustice and the im/possibility of racial justice

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      Authors: Brett St Louis
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This review essay presents exposition and analysis of Nasar Meer’s, The Cruel Optimism of Racial Justice. I outline Meer’s argument detailing the historical emergence and ongoing social reproduction of racial injustice in relation to nation formation, endemic racism, health inequalities, restrictions on refugees and asylum, and White supremacism as pervasive throughout western societies. I suggest that Meer’s intervention usefully highlights racial injustice as normalised instead of exceptional and also raises the importance of white people divesting their racial privilege. Analytically, I argue that Meer’s book productively opens up a space to reflect on the efficacy of race as a normative category, both intrinsically and in relation to anti/racism. Furthermore, by demonstrating the inherent inequality of race, the book invites the reader to reflect on the coherence of a racialised ideal of justice.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-04-21T08:01:01Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231172390
       
  • Critical Tiriti Analysis: A prospective policy making tool from Aotearoa
           New Zealand

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      Authors: Heather Came, Dominic O’Sullivan, Jacquie Kidd, Tim McCreanor
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Restrictions on Indigenous peoples’ contributions to policymaking pervade post-settler societies like Australia, Canada and Aotearoa. Such effects are observed in spite of agreements like Te Tiriti o Waitangi in Aotearoa and the United Nations’ Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Te Tiriti, negotiated between the British Crown and Māori (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa), may have been entered into honourably by both parties, but the Crown has consistently resisted its implementation. Contemporary colonialism is characterised by the entrenched and on-going displacement of Indigenous people’s authority by settler states, rationalised by race as a determinant of human worth. Impacts include land alienation, unsustainable resource exploitation and marginalising Indigenous voices from opportunities to make policy consistent with Indigenous values and preferred ways of living. Colonialism normalises institutional racism so that public policy outcomes are persistently unjust. This article describes Critical Tiriti Analysis (CTA), an original contribution to transforming colonial policy, which retrospectively evaluates whether any specific policy document is consistent with Te Tiriti. Substantial interest in CTA from policymakers, practitioners, and scholars led to the development of the tool as a prospective guide to making policy that is consistent with authoritative interpretations of Te Tiriti, and therefore, more likely effective in producing public policies which eliminate inequities. CTA was initially focused on health policy and built on a series of questions that arise from our interpretations of the text of Te Tiriti, contemporary Tiriti scholarship and jurisprudence, and our observations of the ways in which the method is being used by ourselves and others. Although deeply grounded in Aotearoa, we argue that CTA may be transferable to other colonial contexts, such as the Australian where treaties between First Nations and the state are being contemplated, and Canada which has passed legislation to implement the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-04-18T10:53:57Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231171651
       
  • The everyday dimensions of stigma. Morofobia in everyday life of daughters
           of Maghrebi-Spanish couples in Granada and Barcelona (Spain)

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      Authors: Cristina Rodríguez-Reche, Francesco Cerchiaro
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Negative attitudes towards Muslim minorities are an increasingly common phenomenon in many European countries. This stigma is often associated with religious discrimination; on others, it has a more marked racial connotation. Based on biographical interviews with 19 daughters of mixed Maghrebi-Spanish families in Granada and Barcelona (Spain), this article disentangles the notion of stigma, showing how the experiences of these young women are characterized by a stratified mix of racial, ethnic, and religious discriminations that, together, exemplify how Morofobia takes place in Spain. Our findings highlight how these women are not only passively affected by this stigma, but have learned to cope with it, showing a high degree of reflexivity and acquired social skills that inform their agency. The article encourages the adoption of a cultural sociological perspective to study the meaning of stigma from an emic perspective. In so doing, it sheds light on the everyday consequences of the social transformation of national identities in a historical period dominated by the resurgence of nationalism and ‘bordering regimes.’
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-04-15T07:01:33Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231169269
       
  • Exploring mediated representations of migrant domestic workers in the
           Chinese-language media in Hong Kong

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      Authors: Janet Ho, Andrew Sewell
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Since the 1970s, local residents in Hong Kong have been employing migrant domestic workers (MDWs) for caregiving, cooking, and housekeeping. The vast majority of MDWs are women from the Philippines and Indonesia. Despite their long-standing and numerically significant presence in Hong Kong, many MDWs are still experiencing prejudice or being mistreated. This study focuses on Chinese media coverage of MDW mistreatment cases in Hong Kong and contributes to a growing body of research on the media representation of MDWs. Critical discourse analysis was conducted on 398 articles published between 2010 and 2019 in three popular Chinese-language newspapers, and the discursive representations of perpetrators and victims in the reports were examined. Adopting the conceptual tools of social control and structural inequality, and tracing their connection with the discursive representations, the study highlights the three significant phenomena of perpetrator exoneration and victim blaming, narrativization, and sensationalism. Findings reveal that MDW mistreatment becomes a secondary concern as the articles often highlight the academic achievements and emotional suffering of the perpetrators, relying on entertainment values and neglecting the deeper roots of the issue. The article then examines the ways in which media discourse arises from and shapes prevailing perceptions of MDW issues, showing how the potential for gender-based violence towards MDWs arises from the intersections of inequality across dimensions such as gender, ethnicity and class.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-03-24T01:21:41Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231164721
       
  • Evoking the resemblance: Descriptive representation of ethnic minorities

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      Authors: Jelena Lončar
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      The constructivist approach to political representation has shown that descriptive representation cannot be reduced to passive presence. Descriptive representatives rather actively contribute to the construction of constituencies’ identities. Nevertheless, the existing empirical literature still dominantly operationalizes descriptive representation as mere presence of group members in the representative institutions. This article adds to the previous efforts of rethinking descriptive representation in the more constructivist terms by defining it as consisting of two necessary elements: 1) construction of a representative through activation of claim-maker’s ethnicity, and 2) portrayals of ethnic constituency. The article argues that descriptive representation is performed through the use of diverse boundary mechanisms. In the process of positioning themselves and portraying their constituency, representatives work with and around ethnic boundaries. Using the case of ethnic minority representation in Serbia, the article demonstrates how resemblance or group membership is not necessarily transparent and self-evident. Instead, representatives first need to activate and deploy ethnic boundaries to be perceived as group’s descriptive representatives. In doing so, they also tell stories about ethnic groups, which are consequential upon the ways group members perceive themselves and relations within and across the boundaries.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-03-22T05:48:23Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231166514
       
  • Cultural diversity and an ethics of provenance

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      Authors: Patrick Savidan
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This paper intends first to try and interpret the evolution of attitudes towards solidarity in France in the light of Kymlicka’s analysis of membership-based deservingness judgment. It suggests that the shift in majoritarian attitudes towards minority groups (racism, xenophobia, social distrust) might be linked to the increase of inequalities and social precarity, and to the reinforcement of “elective solidarities.” The article’s second aim is to show, regarding immigrant minorities, in what sense an ethics of provenance can, as a moral resource, contribute to the reconnection of distributive units.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-03-20T08:20:28Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231161220
       
  • Governing diversity in the multilevel European public space

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      Authors: John Erik Fossum, Riva Kastoryano, Tariq Modood, Ricard Zapata-Barrero
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      The issue of working out a viable relationship between accepting and/or living with diversity on the one hand and fostering integration on the other has occupied public debates, political agendas, and social sciences for decades. Our point of departure is that the contemporary European context provides distinct challenges. We need to understand how postmigrant integration is shaped and conditioned by the European public space understood as a geographical space; a composite of legally and institutionally constituted entities; covering nations, regions, and cities mainly within but also beyond the EU; and a site of interaction, and public expression of contestation and cooperation. In so doing, we have to contend with the fact that such important perspectives for handling diversity as multiculturalism, interculturalism, transnationalism and cosmopolitanism occupy distinct roles within the European public space whose governance is multi-levelled yet not reducible to a single tiered system. The European public space is more encompassing than the EU even while that level of governance has some important regulative functions upon member states and to some extent even on non-EU states such as Norway and the UK, especially in what we refer to as the outer circle. While the national level is the most powerful normatively and by most other measures on the inclusion of difference (our inner circle), municipalities also contribute to the constitution of this space. We explore the logics of our four ‘isms’ and of the tiers of governance and their interaction with each other, both the isms in tensions and syntheses with each other and differentially in relation to the levels of governance. This is an exercise that has not been done before. Our purpose is to suggest a new normativity that might feasibly achieve a broader degree of support and success than any of the isms have achieved alone.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-03-15T07:47:44Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231158381
       
  • ‘Guru Rinpoche is Śivajī’: Ethnicity and ethnic boundary drift in
           Nepal’s ethnic art

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      Authors: Jingwei Li
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This paper argues that ethnic paintings connotate situational ethnicity, adjusted by social change and ethnic boundaries. Based on anthropological fieldwork focusing on painter and mercantile communities, social-political connotations of ethnic art are discussed by applying an analysis of social semiotics in three discourses, employing the case of post-1990 Nepal. In particular: 1) Modern visual expressions of ethnicity are adopted into anti-hierarchical representations, as people engage in ethnic politics and cultural activities. 2) The two genres of ethnic painting, paubhā, and thangka, which were developed by traditional creators and informed by ethnicity, have experienced and developed a cross-boundary mode of operating in industries in response to social change. 3) In the market and mass media, the narrative of value construction regarding the tradition of ethnic art reveals a sign arena that identifies a drift toward the nation, the state, and civilization, prepensely attempting to mobilize semiotic resources through the lens of politics, the market, and global values.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-03-15T02:53:06Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231161455
       
  • Migratory success in the experience of poles from Berlin and London

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      Authors: Agnieszka Szczepaniak-Kroll, Anna Szymoszyn
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This article investigates the issue of migration success achieved by Poles settling in Berlin and London between the 1980s and 2018. We focus on the migration wave that took place after Poland’s accession to the European Union in 2004. We show different ways in which migrants understand their new situation in the light of their integration, daily life, and well-being or satisfaction in the context of migration success. We analyse the similarities and differences of approaches to the new life in London and Berlin explicated by Polish migrants. In doing so, we pay attention to several important characteristics and processes related to the integration of Polish migrants into the metropolitan environments of Western Europe.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-03-15T02:28:22Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231164372
       
  • Economy of marginality and familiarity: Making sense of South Asian
           migrant breakout business in Hong Kong

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      Authors: Kim Kwok, Michael Parzer
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This article examines an emerging phenomenon within the South Asian economy in Hong Kong: Disadvantaged entrepreneurs, mainly from Pakistan, Nepal and India, have adopted breakout strategies to target other disadvantaged migrants, particularly Indonesian and Filipino foreign domestic workers. This challenges the widely shared assumption that breakout strategies of migrant entrepreneurs address primarily the mainstream population. By applying Erving Goffman’s notion of frame, we focus on how these entrepreneurs understand and interpret their (change of) market orientation in the context of a specific entrepreneurial environment, where power asymmetries exist in the economic and political constellation between the ethnic majority and various groups of migrants. Regarding methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and analyses were done based on 15 business units with 19 migrant entrepreneurs targeting other marginalised migrant groups with whom they share stigmatisation by the ethnic majority. The findings reveal that four frames around “marginality” and “familiarity” play a crucial role in shaping South Asian migrant entrepreneurs’ market orientation and strategies: a) shared experiences of discrimination, b) unwanted locality as resources, c) common culture, and d) race-based affinity and sympathy. These results contribute to the debates by adding a rather neglected form of market orientation to the diversification of migrant entrepreneurial strategies in existing literature, supplementing the economic and social explanations by applying a cultural sociological perspective of social inequality, and critically reviewing the assumption that breakout automatically generates economic success and social mobility.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-03-08T02:27:17Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231162362
       
  • Palestinian and jewish public representatives' attitudes toward violence
           in the Palestinian community in Israel: Conspiracy and cultural violence
           perspectives

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      Authors: Nohad ‘Ali
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      In the last decade, the spread of the violence became one of the most worrying phenomena in the Palestinian Arab community in Israel. This article focuses on the violence where victims and offenders come from Palestinian Arab community in Israel. Its purpose is to review the attitudes of the public figures in the Jewish and the Palestinian Arab communities of the country regarding the violence in the latter community through the lens of the conspiracy and the cultural violence theories. The review shows that some leaders of the Palestinian Arab community tend to refer to the persistence of violence and crime in their community in a cospirative way. Their key claim is that the state authorities intentionally neglect this phenomenon and possibly have some sinister goal behind this way of conduction. In contrast, public representatives of the Jewish community tend to refer to the persistence of violence and crime in Palestinian Arab community in cultural terms. Their key claim is that violence in Palestinian Arab community is deeply rooted in the culture of this community. The review suggests that the attitudes reflect the discourse around the “blaming the victim” concept, whereas representatives of the hegemonic Jewish majority use this tactic in their cultural violence rhetoric, and representatives of the dispossessed Palestinian Arab minority complain against it using the conspiracy beliefs. The review is concluded with broad implications for the Israeli society.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-02-27T05:38:36Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231159103
       
  • Rethinking liberal multiculturalism: Foundations, practices and
           methodologies

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      Authors: François Boucher, Sophie Guérard de Latour, Esma Baycan-Herzog
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      The article introduces a special issue on “Rethinking Liberal Multiculturalism: Foundations, Practices and Methodologies.” The contributions presented in this special issue were discussed during the conference « Multicultural Citizenship 25 Years Later », held in Paris in November 2021. Their aim is to take stock of the legacy of Kymlicka’s contribution and to highlight new developments in theories of liberal multiculturalism and minority rights. The contributions do not purport to challenge the legitimacy of theories of multiculturalism and minority rights, they rather aim at deepening our understanding of the foundations of liberal multiculturalism and of its practical implementation, sensitive to social scientific dynamics of diverse societies. Without abandoning the general idea that cultural minorities should be granted special minority rights, the essays presented raise new questions about three dimensions central to liberal multiculturalism: its normative foundations, its practical categories of minorities or groups, and its fact-sensitive methodology. Taken together they shed light on the renewed variety of theories of liberal multiculturalism highlighting their complexity and internal disagreements. To introduce these articles, the article first draws a brief historical overview of the debates on multiculturalism since the 1990s (section 1). It then highlights the distinctive aspects of Kymlicka’s contribution (section 2) and identifies recent research trends (section 3). Doing so, it explains how the articles gathered here both expand on those distinctive aspects and explore those new research avenues. The section 4 summarizes the contributions.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-01-16T10:33:36Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968231151455
       
  • Two grounds of multiculturalism

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      Authors: Helder De Schutter
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Will Kymlicka has grounded group-differentiated rights for nationalcultural groups in the values of freedom and autonomy. An alternative moral foundation for such rights is dignity. In this contribution I contrast the freedom and the dignity case for multiculturalism in terms of their intellectual history and their contemporary justificatory potential. I show that the freedom grounding stands in the Herderian-romantic tradition, whereas the dignity case is older and hearkens back to the humanist claim for vernacular development. In terms of justification, I argue that, while freedom and dignity can independently justify group-differentiated rights, a theory that includes both justificatory grounds is stronger because these grounds can strengthen each other: firstly, dignitarian multiculturalism can help the freedom-based theory in withstanding the assimilationist claim that any cultural context – and not only people’s own culture – may foster freedom; while, secondly, the freedom case strengthens the dignity case by providing absolute ammunition to ward off the objection that dignity claims are normatively weak because they rely on subjective feelings.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-01-13T04:56:21Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221149590
       
  • Experiences of culture and cultural negotiations among Russian-speaking
           migrants: National habitus and cultural continuity dilemmas in
           child-rearing

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      Authors: Raisa Akifeva, Farida Fozdar, Loretta Baldassar
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      How migrants negotiate and adjust to new cultural settings and how they transmit culture to their children are key questions for migration researchers. This paper explores how culture is experienced and negotiated among Russian-speaking migrants, drawing on interviews and observation data collected in Perth, Australia, and Madrid, Spain, together with online forum data and documents. Analysis reveals that long-term socio-historical processes taking place within the post-Soviet space generate certain similarities among its inhabitants. These shared features, which Norbert Elias (1996) called ‘national habitus’, include internalised dispositions and behavioural patterns evident and reproduced in everyday life, such as hygiene and healthcare practices, norms of conduct in public places, and practices and beliefs related to the control of children’s behaviour and discipline. Many migrants come to realise that they are bearers of these similarities only in the process of the migration experience. This process of recognition of their habitus, including realising the cultural nature of certain standards of behaviour perceived as ‘civilised’ and ‘rational’ in the past, and the making of decisions about what is important to keep and what is not, we refer to as ‘cultural continuity dilemmas’. Participants resolve these dilemmas in three main ways: reinforcing their cultural classification systems through condemnation or attempts to correct; adopting the new standards; or adjusting perceptions to find a compromise. In these processes, certain practices and norms may come to be recognised as Soviet in both positive and negative senses, as being acceptable, or outdated remnants of a totalitarian system. Solving such dilemmas creates a unique combination of practices, forming a common cultural hybridity and generating new awareness of cultural and national identities.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-01-11T11:56:05Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221149167
       
  • For a political conception of multicultural citizenship

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      Authors: Matteo Gianni
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Multicultural citizenship has provided a terrific liberal philosophical framework to justify respect for cultural minorities and their fair accommodation in contexts marked by cultural disadvantages. However, the importance it provides to societal culture in order to fulfil individual's autonomy entails a metaphysical aspect (i.e societal culture as an instrumental condition for autonomy) which calls into question the full inclusion of all individuals in multicultural societies. This paper maintains that the conception of citizenship in Multicultural citizenship should be independent of metaphysical assumptions and strengthen in its political underpinnings. Kymlicka's view on citizenship is based on liberal rights and the constitutional recognition of minorities. It does not address the process of citizenship, and how a conception of performative citizenship can be conceived to address claims for recognition in ways that produce legitimate, inclusive and inter-subjectively shared outcomes, especially with regard to an inclusive national identity. Multicultural citizenship provides principled legal modalities to accommodate multicultural societies, but does not clearly address the political modalities supporting such accommodations. It thus entails a danger of a de-politicization of citizenship; and a de-politicized citizenship, is not citizenship anymore. The article tasks to figuring out the political and democratic conditions allowing accommodations to be endorsed by all affected individuals in the name of a common and justified conception of democratic citizenship and inclusive conception of the nation.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-01-10T08:55:49Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221149741
       
  • A stranger at home' A multilevel analysis of anti-Muslim sentiment in
           Western European societies

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      Authors: Ana Maria Torres Chedraui, Pui-Hang Wong
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      The capability of accommodation policies to create inclusive and cohesive societies for social integration has recently been called into question. Some people worry that accommodation may upset those who disagree about the policy and create a backlash effect. This study examines these issues using the theory of cognitive dissonance and empirically tests whether individuals’ policy preference influences the impact of accommodation of Islam policies on anti-Muslim sentiments. Using survey data from 15 Western European countries, we find that accommodation of Islam policies produce socialising effects on those whose opinions resonate with the policies. However, we do not find statistical evidence of backlash on those whose opinions dissonate with the policies. The findings suggest that accommodation of Islam policies do not radicalise dissonant opinions and are likely to reduce anti-Muslim sentiments among those whose opinions resonate with the policies.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-01-09T01:33:54Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221149030
       
  • Pandemic nationalisms

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      Authors: Anna Triandafyllidou
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This paper examines how the pandemic emergency as a global challenge – the first of its kind since WWII – has activated what I call a ‘pandemic nationalism’ that was simultaneously both inclusionary and exclusionary. On one hand, the national community was re-defined in relation to their common fate (of facing the pandemic together because residing in the same territory) extending hence the boundaries of membership to temporary residents or those with precarious status. On the other hand, it became increasingly closed towards the exterior enhancing what has been labelled ‘vaccine nationalism’ and a sense of being in competition with other nations on a common, global public good (notably vaccines and cures addressing the virus). Closures and exclusions arose also internally against those minorities that were associated with the ‘external threat’ notably people of east Asian origin. At the face of these contradictory developments, the question arises whether we could consider the Covid-19 pandemic as a turning point that signals a new phase of development of nationalism. Such nationalism is meant to respond to the increasing challenges of globalisation by incorporating those who serve the community while Othering those who are perceived to threaten its well-being.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-01-07T02:57:14Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221149744
       
  • A targeted approach to multiculturalism: The case of the roma minority in
           europe

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      Authors: Sophie Guérard de Latour
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      The article assesses Will Kymlicka’s targeted approach to cultural rights by focusing on the case of the Roma minority in Europe. In Multicultural Odysseys, Kymlicka praises the European management of Roma issues as a promising way to overcome the flaws of the generic approach to cultural rights that dominates European minority rights otherwise. The article intends to evaluate Kymlicka’s statement in two ways : it combines an empirical study of the arguments that justify the institutional targeting of the Roma in the Council of Europe and a normative analysis about the specific type of transnational minority that these populations seem to form. The empirical part of the paper casts doubts on the assumption that cultural recognition matters primarily in the case of the Roma. The normative part of the paper argues that the concept of transnational minority gains more normative consistency when it is understood in terms of political mobilization against racial oppression than when it is justified in terms of cultural recognition. It concludes that Iris M. Young’s “politics of difference” provides a fruitful normative approach to make sense of the Roma’s claims of justice in Europe and that it is as such likely to refine and possibly complete the targeted to approach to multiculturalism.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-01-04T04:56:09Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221150268
       
  • Towards a theory of reparative multiculturalism

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      Authors: Felix Lambrecht
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Contemporary liberal states must provide an answer to the “question of cultural diversity”, requiring a principled way to determine which minority cultural practices a state must accommodate and support. (Liberal egalitarian) multiculturalism answers this question neatly by creating a dichotomy between national minorities and ethnic minorities (the national/ethnic “dichotomy”). Where national minorities are entitled to extensive and far-reaching cultural rights, ethnic minorities are entitled to significantly fewer cultural rights and accommodations. This dichotomy is enacted through a distributive logic that allocates cultural rights to achieve equal individual autonomy. But the dichotomy is also influenced by the ways these groups were incorporated into the state. Their modes of incorporation are different and, thus, they have different requirements to achieve equally autonomous lives.Critics have challenged multiculturalism by questioning this dichotomy. They have suggested that the dichotomy does not adequately capture differences in kinds of minority groups and their entitlements. This paper defends the dichotomy by offering a supplementary principle to liberal egalitarian multiculturalism: the reparative multicultural principle. This principle allocates cultural rights as part of reparative entitlements for historical and ongoing injustices committed against minority groups. Supplementing multiculturalism in this way more accurately captures the idea of the historical mode of incorporation that inspires the dichotomy and can help resolve some the objections to multiculturalism.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-01-03T06:19:31Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221149740
       
  • Adapting the socio-cultural adaptation scale (SCAS-R) to Arabic: A study
           on the Syrian migrants living in Gaziantep province of Türkiye

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      Authors: Ahmet Keser, Önder Yalçin, Yunus Gökmen
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This study aims to investigate the validity, reliability, and Arabic language equivalence of the Socio-cultural Adaptation Scale (SCAS-R) created by Colleen Ward and Antony Kennedy (1999) and revised by Jessie Wilson (2013). A sample group of 424 Syrian Migrants (18 years and older) living in Gaziantep province of Türkiye from different neighborhoods, economic status, and socio-demographic backgrounds are included in the research, and the scale is examined via commonly used validity and reliability analysis methods. It is obtained that the Cronbach’s Alpha of the items is higher than 0.7 and the corrected item-total correlations are above the threshold value (0.2) in item analysis, nearly 69% of the total variance is explained by 5 factors in Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and the Goodness of Fit Indexes (χ2/sd = 1.521, CFI = 0.958, and SRMR = 0.048) are within the good/acceptable range in Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). It has been understood that the SCAS-R is a valid and reliable scale for Arabic culture. The results of this study may provide a valuable tool for policymakers, researchers, and humanitarian workers studying migration issues.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-01-03T05:15:32Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221149589
       
  • Harsh punisher or loving mother' A critical discursive psychological
           analysis of Marine Le Pen’s presidential Twitter campaign

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      Authors: Katarina Pettersson, Sofia Payotte, Inari Sakki
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Marine Le Pen managed to mobilise a substantial share of the votes in the French 2022 presidential elections, ending up second after the winner Emmanuel Macron. This study aims to increase our understanding of the political appeal and mobilisation of women in far-right movements by exploring the identity management strategies Marine Le Pen deployed in her presidential Twitter campaign to construct her position as a female, right-wing populist political leader and rightful president of the nation. A corpus of 701 tweets (published between 4 July 2021 and 10 April 2022) from Le Pen’s official Twitter account were analysed through a critical discursive psychological approach. Through our analyses, we identified five subject positions that Le Pen constructed for herself in her discourse: the Protector, the Punisher, the Women’s Candidate, the Mother, and the Voice of Justice. Our findings show that through careful discursive negotiation between femininity and masculinity, Le Pen managed to engage in a dynamic positioning between a harsh candidate who punishes ‘the Other’ and a compassionate and loving mother candidate who takes care of the nation’s children. This flexible way in which Marine Le Pen claimed different positions for herself may have been a central factor that enabled her to appeal to millions of voters in the 2022 French presidential elections. The study contributes to the literature on identity politics and the discursive mobilisation of gender by female far right political leaders.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2023-01-02T04:51:57Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221148574
       
  • Future citizens between interest and ability: A systematic literature
           review of the naturalization and crimmigration scholarship

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      Authors: Hannah Bliersbach
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      The determinants of whether or not an immigrant seeks to become a citizen are still largely invisible to scholars; as are the decisions made during the naturalization process by street-level bureaucrats. Research on the acquisition of citizenship has incorporated a number of determinants of naturalization outcomes over the past decades, but lacks the contextualization of immigration law in its relation to criminal law. This systematic literature review of the 140 most-cited papers across the naturalization and crimmigration literatures seeks to construct a theoretical bridge between the disciplines in an effort to illuminate the blind spots challenging naturalization scholarship. I argue that the inclusion of crimmigration as a factor impacting naturalization is essential for scholarship in order to accurately use citizenship policies as an indicator of a state’s overall approach to immigration - particularly regarding residence requirements. The conceptual utilization of crimmigration in the context of citizenship acquisition offers new insights into the underexplored relationship between citizenship policy and the individual migrant, potentially uncovering some of the factors hindering immigrants’ ability to seek formal membership. Evidence within recent crimmigration scholarship points towards the role played by racialization within the functioning of a crimmigration system. This paper reviews the prominent streams of both strands of literature first utilizing a bibliometric analysis of the respective citation networks and second, diving into the substantial developments and parallels in naturalization and crimmigration research.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-12-03T03:41:07Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221143771
       
  • Health inspector ratings of Asian restaurants during the early COVID-19
           pandemic

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      Authors: Hua-Yu Sebastian Cherng, Martha Moreno, Jia-Lin Liu
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the restaurant industry, with Asian restaurants having perhaps suffered the most, as many reported business losses well before shelter-in-place orders were announced. Media outlets argue that this decline in business reflects biases that are linked to the China- and food-related origin of COVID-19. However, discrimination against Asian Americans and their cuisine is not new, as it is rooted in a long and history of assimilation and racism. Overlooked in this body of literature, as well as in conversations on the impacts of COVID-19 on Asian restaurants, is the role of how government institutions shape these biases against a cuisine that has hundreds of years of history in the US yet remains distinctly ‘foreign’. In this study, we use 3-years of New York City restaurant health inspection data to examine trends in citation scores before and after the onset of the news of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a synthetic control approach, we find that Asian restaurants uniquely received more citations after news of the pandemic became pervasive in the US. We end by discussing the implications of this finding for the history of Asian cuisine in the US, theoretical frameworks to understand assimilation, and the restaurant industry.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-11-29T01:57:38Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221139497
       
  • Everyday nationhood, diversity and talking about Canada

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      Authors: Yesim Bayar
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This article explores ordinary individuals’ understandings of nationhood. In so doing, it focuses on the case of Armenian migrants from Turkey to Canada and their conceptualizations of the host country. The paper captures multiple strands of nationhood and argues that these are pertinent to different boundary-making processes. The outer boundary of nationhood is defined along inclusive and civic lines where difference is recognized and appreciated. Living with difference, on the other hand, brings to the fore the tension between recognizing it on the one hand and accommodating it on the other. The case study further reveals how the exercise of state power and individuals’ encounters with the state shape their understandings of nationhood.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-11-02T12:37:02Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221136123
       
  • “Complexities of belonging: Compounded foreignness and racial cover
           among undocumented Central American youth”

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      Authors: Arely Zimmerman, Joanna Perez, Leisy J Abrego
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Legally excluded from the state through their status, undocumented Central Americans must also navigate belonging in social movement spaces that do not center their cultural experiences. Drawing on 25 interviews with Guatemalans, Hondurans, and Salvadorans from multiple studies, we explore Central Americans’ agency and identity development in immigrant rights organizations and in daily life. We employ the term, compounded foreignness, to capture the layered practices of exclusion they face for being unauthorized and for not fitting into dominant conceptions of Latinidad. We demonstrate that undocumented Central Americans develop various strategies of belonging. For example, shared experiences of racialized illegality can lead to solidarity amongst undocumented immigrant youth across racial, ethnic, and national lines. When they are being negatively targeted, however, they use racialized illegality as racial cover–that is, a way to divert attention away from their illegality in relation to the state, as well as social and cultural foreignness from Latinidad. This means that some choose to pass as Mexican by adopting Mexican cultural norms and colloquial speech, while others take pride in their cultural difference as Central Americans. In other instances, they seek spaces and people who share their cultural identity. Importantly, while racial cover may work as a strategy for navigating these different forms of marginalization, racial cover can also cover up and make invisible Central American identities and needs. Together, these experiences reveal a level of agency and nuance needed to deepen our understanding of undocumented immigrants, Central Americans, and belonging in the United States.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-10-15T03:12:57Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221134298
       
  • Avoiding backlash: Narratives and strategies for anti-racist activism in
           Mexico

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      Authors: René Alejandro Rejón Piña
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Structural race-based inequalities in Mexico cannot be denied. Anthropologists and social scientists have thoroughly documented racism at both personal and systemic levels. Following I.M. Young’s framework, this paper identifies two possible pathways for the anti-racist movement in Mexico: the liability and the social connection models. The former uses guilt to assign responsibility —it requires an agent to be voluntarily and causally connected to injustice; the latter does not isolate perpetrators but assigns responsibility to all agents who contribute (voluntarily or not) by their actions to the structural processes that produce injustice. After examining the trajectory of the Mexican anti-racist movement, this paper demonstrates that activists are relying too heavily on the liability model. Furthermore, drawing from ethnographic material from Brazil and the United States, the paper suggests that this model is not only unnecessarily confrontational and ineffectual, but potentially counterproductive for the anti-racist movement, as it is prone to provoke a defensive response. In turn, this paper suggests focusing on the structural nature of racism in Mexico and developing ways to communicate this effectively, in order to foster the positive prospects of successful anti-racist activism.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-09-20T05:50:20Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221128381
       
  • Nascent narratives of Armenian remembrance: The Armenian genocide
           reflected in the Armenian-American press

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      Authors: Karina Diłanian-Pinkowicz
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This article explores the cultural memory of the Armenian genocide archived, to a major extent, in non-digitized form. In the initial decades following the genocide, the memory of the crimes committed against Armenians in 1915 was almost non-existent in the public space of America. Monuments, demonstrations, state, and international resolutions, and other instruments of memorialization did not materialize until the 1960s when, as a result of worldwide Armenian mobilization ahead of the 50th anniversary, traces of genocide remembrance were gradually brought to life. Analyzing two Armenian newspapers from the United States – Hairenik Weekly (HW) and The Armenian Mirror-Spectator (AMS) – this paper reveals how Armenians recollected the genocide in the decades preceding the emergence of subsequent lieux de mémoire. What evoked their memories before 1965' And how did narratives change over time, eventually leading to the “exteriorization of Armenian memory”' The case of the Armenian genocide shows that memories of a traumatic event can quickly penetrate the cultural sphere, but remain closed for longer in the narrow framework of a specific community. This had consequences, including an almost complete lack of representation of the genocide in the public domain – one that would be designed by Armenians for non-Armenians. The process of meaning-making (traced through editorials from the two Armenian-American newspapers) influenced a gradual bridging of the representation gap in the American public space, beginning in 1965.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-08-15T10:21:14Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221120735
       
  • Immortality of the soul in classical western thought and in Igbo-African
           ontology: A discourse in existential metaphysics

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      Authors: Nelson U Ukwamedua
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      In Orphism, through Pythagoras to Plato, the soul survives the death of the body. But for Aristotle it is the form of the body, and this makes its immortality unlikely, since form cannot exist without an individuating matter. Exploring synthesis, the soul is for Aquinas an incarnate spirit whose union with the body creates a unique union. This paper then employing the critical-analytic model argued that these traditions were quite myopic; and this informed the interrogation of another cultural position which is, the immortality of the soul in Igbo-African ontology. The intention is to brace the classical positions towards a holistic idea of the immortality of the soul. This is because, in Igbo ontology, there is no distinction between body and soul, as the attention is on man as a complete being, who at death experiences what this paper called ontological mutation.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-08-08T07:39:38Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221119622
       
  • Religion, secularity, culture' Investigating Christian privilege in
           Western Europe

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      Authors: A Sophie Lauwers
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Scholarship on religious inequality in Europe has focused mainly on the position of religious minorities, primarily Jews and Muslims. Investigations into Islamophobia, antisemitism, and other forms of discrimination and oppression, however, are merely one side of the coin. This article draws attention to Christian privilege as a different, but related phenomenon. It understands ‘privilege’ to be part of the study of hegemony, as the asymmetrical counterpart of structural oppression. The article situates Christian privilege within secular Christian hegemony in Western Europe and explores its relation to racial and religious exclusion. It identifies three different types of Christian privilege and outlines a framework for normatively evaluating them.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-06-06T09:41:24Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221106185
       
  • The episteme(s) around around Roma historiography: Genealogical fantasy
           reexamined

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      Authors: Avishek Ray
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Since the 18th century, scholars have been claiming that Romani people originated from India. Folkloristists, ethnographers, linguists and demographers alike have sought to identify, classify and characterize the ‘Roma traits’ and map them onto an imagined notion of Indian-hood. Meanwhile, India has reappropriated the originary claim and started to embrace the Roma community as one of their ‘own’. This paper focuses on the epistemic and political implications of ascribing an ‘Indian origin’ to the Roma. How do scholars and savants seek to understand Roma populations with reference to their purported Indian origin and what does it entail epistemologically' To what extent is the ‘scientific’ legibility of the Roma’s origin structured around ideologies of the prevailing episteme' Here, I situate the theory of the Indian origin as a ‘field’ and argue that its foundation has revolved less around the question of ‘scientific’ methods and their validity than around reinforcing the episteme in question.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-05-20T09:21:56Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221101402
       
  • Memory and trauma in the Kurdistan genocide

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      Authors: Kurdistan Omar Muhammad, Hawre Hasan Hama, Hersh Abdallah Hama Karim
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Memory and trauma are often considered to be interconnected social phenomena. Collective memory exists in every society, but when a particularly catastrophic event occurs, it leaves an impact on behavior, and enduring memories of a cultural trauma. This paper considers the changing social meanings of the Anfal, an act of genocide which occurred in Iraqi Kurdistan in 1988, and inquires whether the legacy of the Anfal can be most accurately characterized as a social memory or a cultural trauma. The paper uses a mixed methodology of historical research and a recent survey carried out among young people in Iraqi Kurdistan.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-05-18T10:02:13Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221103254
       
  • Debunking mainstream anti-racism in the Spanish context: “Anti-rumour”
           strategies as a case of psychology-based anti-racism

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      Authors: Luca Sebastiani
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      Racism is hardly discussed in Spanish public debates: however, when approached through policy, it is generally understood either as violent acts committed by extremists, or as a matter of stereotypes/prejudices/lack of information about cultural Others. This article focuses on the latter understanding, as performed by Spanish “anti-rumour” strategies, a varied ensemble of initiatives aimed at dismantling stereotypes of migrants and racial minorities, mainly by encouraging better knowledge and empathy. By approaching these initiatives as a representative case of mainstream, psychology-based perspectives on anti-racism and drawing on fieldwork conducted in relevant Spanish locations, I focus on their main assumptions and theoretical/political implications. Despite the heterogeneity of such initiatives, the fieldwork analysis points to common flaws; particularly in the ways their “positive” narratives and allegedly inclusive approaches might foster narrow definitions of racism, silencing its institutional/structural/governmental dimensions and potentially normalizing racist power relations.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-05-17T10:45:37Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221103091
       
  • Symbolic identity building, ethnic nationalism and the linguistic
           reconfiguration of the urban spaces of the capital of Pristina, Kosovo

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      Authors: Uranela Demaj
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      This paper presents a historical study of the linguistic landscape (LL) of Pristina’s city center as an important site of contestation and competing symbolic identity constructions throughout Kosovo’s turbulent interethnic past. By means of historical linguistic evidence of the LL configuration of landmark establishments in the central promenade of the city, the paper illustrates the role of language in the construction of national identity and in this way, argues for the reconciliation of the study of symbolic nation building in Kosovo with language as an equally deserving dimension of investigation alongside other socio-political and social facets It is also argued that apart from its symbolic role to convey the specific ideological concepts of the dominant ethnic elites, the LL has been crucial in the construction of ethnocentric spaces, and has therefore been participatory in the creation of ethnic segregation which is the defining characteristic of Kosovo’s post-war ethnic configuration today.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-05-12T11:12:01Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221097810
       
  • On the disappearance and presence of the Slovene-speaking minority in
           Carinthia (Austria): Insights into the use of language and ethnic
           affiliation in leisure time from a practice-theoretical perspective

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      Authors: Jonas Kolb
      Abstract: Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
      For many decades, the question of setting up bilingual place-name signs accompanied the ethnic conflict between the German-speaking majority and the autochthonous Slovene-speaking minority in Carinthia (Austria). On the 10th anniversary of the 2011 compromise concerning the dispute about place-name signs, this article takes a closer look at the characterization of ethnic relations in Carinthia in the past few decades. According to a practice–theoretical empirical approach, the key to understanding this ethnic minority is the disappearance of the Slovene language. This article examines the manifold strategies used by young people to perform Carinthian Slovenian identity during leisure time in the context of, or apart from, cultural associations. With these strategies, adolescents actively try to react to the threatened disappearance of their language as they advocate for its preservation and ensure its enduring presence. The central role of the symbolic dimension of Slovenian language usage is striking. The social cohesion of the Slovene-speaking population must therefore be understood as performative ethnicity.
      Citation: Ethnicities
      PubDate: 2022-05-05T01:58:52Z
      DOI: 10.1177/14687968221096159
       
 
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