 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
| A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | | The end of the list has been reached or no journals were found for your choice. |
|
|
- Mating in Captivity: The Influence of Social Location on Sexual
Satisfaction through Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Elizabeth E. McElroy, Samuel L. Perry, Joshua B. Grubbs
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The recent global pandemic provides a natural experiment “intervention” to examine how differing baseline social dynamics such as gender, education, and politics shaped diverging patterns of well-being during rapidly shifting societal conditions. Using married adults from a nationally representative panel study in the United States from August 2019 to August 2021, discontinuous growth curves reveal a large drop in average married sexual satisfaction in both quality and frequency directly following the pandemic onset. Moreover, sexual satisfaction remained largely suppressed for the subsequent 18 months, apart from a brief “optimism blip” in the fall of 2020. Race, age, income, employment, parenthood, education, and political affiliation all appear as meaningful predictors, but these differ across various phases of the pandemic and by gender. These results reveal evidence of lingering changes in subjective sexual well-being as well as patterns of catastrophe risk and resilience moderated by social location factors.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-06-06T10:19:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231173899
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Has Trust in the European Parliament Polarized'
Authors: Paul C. Bauer, Davide Morisi
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Scholars usually investigate how average levels of trust in institutions vary across countries and over time. Focusing on average levels, however, ignores distributional properties that might be equally relevant for institutional legitimacy and, more broadly, democratic stability. In this study, the authors investigate how the distribution of trust in the European Parliament has changed over time and across European Union member states. Drawing on pooled cross-sectional data from the European Social Survey for the period from 2002 to 2020, the authors find that confidence in the European Parliament has not only declined over time but also polarized as citizens have increasingly moved away from the “average citizen.” Furthermore, the authors find that trust has polarized, especially among the young versus the elderly and the employed versus the unemployed. These findings have implications for the legitimacy of European Union institutions.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-05-29T09:34:01Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231175430
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Stand by Me: Social Ties and Health in Real Time
Authors: Alyssa W. Goldman, Erin York Cornwell
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Sociological research has documented myriad associations between individuals’ overall social connectedness and health but rarely considers the shorter-term dynamics of social life that may underlie these associations. The authors examine how being with others (“social accompaniment”) is associated with momentary experiences of symptoms, drawing smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments (n = 12,760) collected from 342 older adults from the Chicago Health and Activity Space in Real-Time study. The authors find that patterns of social accompaniment are distinct from global measures of social integration such as network size. Older adults who are in the company of friends or neighbors are significantly less likely to experience momentary fatigue and stress, even after accounting for global measures of social integration. These results suggest that social accompaniment has unique implications for short-term health outcomes. New theoretical perspectives and empirical analyses are needed to better understand the dynamic nature of everyday social accompaniment and its longer-term implications for well-being.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-05-25T10:44:55Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231171112
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Measuring Hispanics/Latinxs: Racial Heterogeneity and Its Consequences for
Modeling Social Outcomes in U.S. Population Samples
Authors: Jiannbin Lee Shiao
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Quantitative sociologists have recognized the challenges of studying Latinx Americans, given their unique racial heterogeneity and unique measurement in surveys through dedicated Latinx-ethnicity questions. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the author examines who identifies as Hispanic/Latinx when the option is a permitted response on a combined race/ethnicity question. The study reveals that national origin, connection to Latinx communities, racial appearance, and consistency in prior ethnic identification as Latinx affect the likelihood of racial identification as Latinx. These associations have heterogeneous consequences for modeling social outcomes in samples with both Latinx and non-Latinx respondents. Latinx Americans divide on skin tone in models of education and health, but they divide on national origin in models of interracial dating. This suggests that researchers should operationalize Latinxs using measures recognizing a modal group of Latinx-only identifiers while capturing heterogeneity by skin tone and national origin across the broader ever-Latinx population.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-05-23T12:50:16Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231174830
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Corrigendum to “Unjust Income Inequality Prevails Across 29
Countries”
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-05-22T11:36:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231176483
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- The COVID-19 Pandemic, Social Ties, and Psychosocial Well-Being of
Middle-Aged Women in Rural Africa
Authors: Victor Agadjanian
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The study contributes to the understanding of the societal impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the Global South by examining longer term implications of pandemic-induced disruptions and deprivations for social ties and psychosocial well-being. Using data from a survey of middle-aged women in rural Mozambique, the author finds a negative association between the pandemic-triggered household economic decline and perceived changes in the quality of relations with marital partners, non-coresident children, and relatives, but not with generally more distant actors, such as coreligionists and neighbors. In turn, multivariable analyses detect a positive association of changes in the quality of family and kin ties with participants’ life satisfaction, regardless of other factors. Yet women’s expectations for changes in their household living conditions in the near future show a significant association only with changes in the quality of relations with marital partners. The author situates these findings within the context of women’s enduring vulnerabilities in low-income patriarchal settings.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-05-20T12:35:22Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231171868
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Unsorted Significance: Examining Potential Pathways to Extreme Political
Beliefs and Communities on Reddit
Authors: Marcus Mann, Diana Zulli, Jeremy Foote, Emily Ku, Emily Primm
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Violent political extremists often point to online communities as motivating their behavior. However, researchers studying online exposure to extremism through structural mechanisms such as algorithms have not found strong evidence of their influence. At the same time, models of offline radicalization processes emphasize the importance of personal motivations, such as desire for significance and community, but do not fully account for online contexts. The authors integrate these approaches, which are both interested in worsening political extremism, asking, (1) What are the pathways to extreme content and communities online' and (2) What are the perceptions of extremism in online communities' Through interviews with politically active Redditors, the authors identify three motivations for initial engagement with fringe political communities: political unsorting of the self, political exceptionalism, and virtuous participation. The authors argue these motivations are potentially important seeds of political extremism and discuss the implications for supporting healthy political discourse online.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-05-19T06:00:13Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231174823
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Classed Beginnings: Status Socialization in Two Preschool Classrooms
Authors: Hannah W. Espy, Freda B. Lynn
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Research on class inequality in education shows how the hidden curriculum—the tacit yet systematic lessons taught alongside the official curriculum—tends to favor the cultural capital that class-advantaged students bring from home over that of their less advantaged peers. This ethnography instead explores variation in what schools implicitly teach and how organizations potentially class their members. Comparing one Head Start with one tuition-charging preschool, the authors document how Head Start implicitly treats preschoolers, who are from predominantly disadvantaged backgrounds, as students who lack decision-making power and occupy the lowest position in a rigid status hierarchy. In contrast, the advantaged preschoolers were implicitly encouraged to take ownership of their actions, make the curriculum work for them, and activate support from teachers and administrators. Insofar as this “internal control” mindset of the tuition-charging preschool is favored in later academic and professional arenas, the authors argue that organizations can be agents of class socialization.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-05-19T05:55:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231171109
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- On Track or Off Track' Identifying a Typology of Math Course-Taking
Sequences in U.S. High Schools
Authors: Seong Won Han, Chungseo Kang, Lois Weis, Rachel Dominguez
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The authors examine students’ linear progression histories in mathematics throughout high school years, using the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. Although scholars have attended to this before, the authors provide a new organizing framework for thousands of heterogenous mathematics course-taking sequences. Using cluster analysis, the authors identify eight distinctive course-taking sequence typologies. Approximately 45 percent of students take a linear sequence of mathematics, whereas others stop taking mathematics altogether, repeat coursework, or regress to lower level courses. Only about 14 percent of students take the expected four-year linear sequence of Algebra 1–Geometry–Algebra II–Advanced Mathematics. Membership into different typologies is related to student characteristics and school settings (e.g., race, socioeconomic status, and high school graduation requirements). The results provide a tool for schools’ self-assessment of mathematics course-taking histories among students, creating intervention opportunities and a foundation for future research on advancing our understanding of stratification in math course-taking patterns, postsecondary access, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics majors.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-05-09T10:39:02Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231169259
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Unjust Income Inequality Prevails Across 29 Countries
Authors: Cristóbal Moya, Jule Adriaans, Carsten Sauer
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The aim of this visualization is to describe justice evaluations of income inequality from a cross-country perspective for more than 72,000 respondents in 29 countries. The analyses were based on data from two large, cross-country survey programs. The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) asked for an evaluation of the overall income distribution, and the European Social Survey (ESS) asked for justice evaluations of both bottom and top incomes. The authors find that injustice of the income distribution prevails in all studied countries except Denmark and that injustice of bottom incomes prevails in all countries. Moreover, in the countries included in both the ISSP and ESS, the share of respondents evaluating the overall income distribution as just always falls between the share evaluating bottom and top incomes as just. These results suggest that depending on the country context, different parts of the distribution (top and bottom incomes) influence its overall evaluation.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-04-28T11:55:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231171581
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Rising Coauthorship in Sociology, 1895 to 2022
Authors: Dustin S. Stoltz
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
More than 180,000 articles published in 110 sociology journals over 130 years reveal that coauthoring is increasingly a disciplinary norm in sociological publications. More than 55 percent of all articles published in 2022 were coauthored, and only five journals had lower average coauthoring in the past five years than their overall average. The sample includes both U.S. and non-U.S. journals, as well as specialist and generalist journals. The U.S. journals include those published by the American Sociological Association as well as various regional and specialty journals. When disaggregating the articles by these subcategories, the trend toward increased coauthoring remains.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-04-28T11:54:59Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231171115
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- The Inequity Z: Income Fairness Perceptions in Europe across the Income
Distribution
Authors: Fabian Kalleitner, Sandra Bohmann
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Using data from the European Social Survey, we examine income fairness evaluations of 17,605 respondents from 28 countries. Respondents evaluated the fairness of their own incomes as well as the fairness of the incomes of the top and bottom income deciles in their countries. Depicted on a single graph, these income fairness evaluations take on a Z-shaped form, which we call the “inequity Z”. The inequity Z reveals an extensive level of consensus within each country regarding the degree of unfairness of top and bottom incomes. With rising income, respondents consistently judge their own incomes to be less unfair. Across countries, the gap in fairness ratings between top and bottom incomes rises with income inequality. Perceived underreward of bottom incomes is more pronounced in countries where bottom incomes are objectively lower. Thus, this visualization suggests that, when people are confronted with information about actual income levels, perceived inequity increases with inequality.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-04-13T10:23:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231167138
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- The Limitations of Intergroup Friendship: Using Social Network Analysis to
Test the Pathways Linking Contact and Intergroup Attitudes in a Multigroup
Context
Authors: Thoa V. Khuu, David R. Schaefer, Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor, Allison M. Ryan
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Recent research on intergroup contact theory has emphasized the potency of cross-group friendship for reducing prejudice. Evaluating this claim requires consideration of competing friend influence and selection processes. Few studies have jointly tested these mechanisms and often only in limited, majority/minority group contexts. In this study, the authors articulate several mechanisms linking friendships with intergroup attitudes and test them in a diverse U.S. context (two large high schools with significant representations of multiple ethnoracial groups). The analysis involves a longitudinal network model of friendship and attitude coevolution. The findings indicate that ingroup friends influenced intergroup contact attitudes (ICAs) over time, while more open ICAs promoted selection into cross-group friendship. By contrast, effects of cross-group friendships on ICAs were limited to White students with Black friends. These findings suggest that the effect of intergroup contact is overstated in the context of friendship and that more focus should be paid to understanding other friendship dynamics.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-04-08T08:32:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231161048
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Love in the Time of COVID-19: The Social Dimensions of Intimate Life under
Lockdown
Authors: Alexander Borsa, Maximillian Calleo, Joshua Faires, Golda Kaplan, Shadiya Sharif, Dingyu Zhang, Tey Meadow
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Although popular media across the United States reported that the coronavirus disease 2019 COVID pandemic incited dramatic transformations in personal relationships, identities, and practices, little sociological research examines these developments. What exists elaborates the “how” and “how much” of sex, the frequency of sexual conduct, and changes in the patterning of sexual behavior. In this study of the intimate trajectories of 46 young adults, conducted during the height of U.S. quarantine restrictions in 2020 and early 2021, the authors explore the “whys” of sex. They find that the exogenous force of the pandemic profoundly altered individual relationship trajectories, prompted sexual introspection projects, shifted understandings of sexual risk, and promoted new modes of intimacy. These findings suggest that pandemic life reached deep into subjective self-understandings and ways of relating to others. They also reveal the benefits of foregrounding cultural meanings over behaviors, changes in thoughts over actions, and social processes over individual outcomes.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-04-08T08:29:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231161046
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- “Doesn’t Seem Like a Place to Interact, or Interact Well”:
Motivations to Discuss (and Not) Science and Religion on Social Media
Authors: Will Marler, Eszter Hargittai
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Incivility in online discussions is an ongoing concern in academic and popular circles alike. Although social media offers the possibility for meaningful discussion, research has identified many barriers to this potential including disrespectful interactions, echo chambers, misinformation, and participation gaps. Most such scholarship focuses on just one topic of discussion, however. By comparing two domains of exchange, the authors are able to examine whether and how the subject of conversation may influence online experiences. The authors analyze interviews with 45 adults from across the United States about their experiences discussing science and religion on social media. People approached the two topics differently, which influenced whether they contributed to related conversations. The intrusion of politics into conversations across both topics broadly limited participation. Curiosity, knowledge, and interacting in private groups or with strangers encouraged joining discussions. Understanding participation dynamics across topic domains is fruitful for future research on the social media public sphere.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-04-06T07:14:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157685
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Analyzing Text and Images in Digital Communication: The Case of
Securitization in American White Supremacist Online Discourse
Authors: Daniel Karell, Michael Freedman, Noam Gidron
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Sociological research on online discourse increasingly uses digital data consisting of messages combining multiple modes of media, with meaning arising from contents’ interaction across modes. Yet, techniques to study this interplay are underdeveloped relative to the toolkit for analyzing solely texts. The authors introduce an automated approach for relationally analyzing texts and images, focusing on how to examine the discursive meaning emerging from concepts’ connections across associated text and image modes. The authors validate this approach using a crowdsourced task and obtain results suggesting that applying social network metrics to semantic space can generate useful insights into how people understand discourse. To illustrate this approach, the authors examine the concept of “securitization” in online white supremacist discourse. The findings indicate that ideas of securitization link notions of personalistic leadership with imagery of space and place. This analysis demonstrates how the authors’ approach helps researchers understand multimodal material and meaning-making in digital discourse.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-04-04T09:52:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231161049
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Education and Public Support for COVID-19 Mitigation Measures
Authors: Volha Chykina, Charles Crabtree
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Governments around the world have adopted many mitigation strategies to stop the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Public support for these strategies varies widely. In this visualization the authors examine whether college education might play a role in support for various COVID-19 mitigation strategies. To do so, they leverage original data from surveys conducted across six countries. The authors find that the association between education and support for COVID-19 restrictions varies considerably in direction, both by restriction type and by country. Given this finding, in many contexts, the educational status of the intended audience should be considered in how public health messaging campaigns are developed and targeted.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-29T06:03:17Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231159538
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Household Joblessness in U.S. Metropolitan Areas during the COVID-19
Pandemic: Polarization and the Role of Educational Profiles
Authors: Thomas Biegert, Berkay Özcan, Magdalena Rossetti-Youlton
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The authors use Current Population Survey 2016 to 2021 quarterly data to analyze changes in household joblessness across metropolitan areas in the United States during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The authors first use shift-share analysis to decompose the change in household joblessness into changes in individual joblessness, household compositions, and polarization. The focus is on polarization, which is the result of the unequal distribution of individual joblessness across households. The authors find that the rise in household joblessness during the pandemic varies strongly across U.S. metropolitan areas. The initial stark increase and subsequent recovery are due largely to changes in individual joblessness. Polarization contributes notably to household joblessness but to varying degree. Second, the authors use metropolitan area–level fixed-effects regressions to test whether the educational profile of the population is a helpful predictor of changes in household joblessness and polarization. They measure three distinct features: educational levels, educational heterogeneity, and educational homogamy. Although much of the variance remains unexplained, household joblessness increased less in areas with higher educational levels. The authors show that how polarization contributes to household joblessness is shaped by educational heterogeneity and educational homogamy.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-28T06:28:39Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231158087
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Spatial and Sociodemographic Vulnerability: Quantifying Accessibility to
Health Care and Legal Services for Immigrants in California, Arizona, and
Nevada
Authors: Ethan Roubenoff, Jasmijn Slootjes, Irene Bloemraad
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Nonprofits provide a range of human and social services in the United States, producing what some call the delegated welfare state. The authors aim to quantify inequities in nonprofit service provision by focusing on two types of vulnerabilities: spatial and socio-demographic. Specifically, the authors develop a service accessibility index to identify mismatch between population demand and locational supply of nonprofits. The authors apply the index to an original data set of more than 1,500 immigrant-serving legal and health organization in California, Nevada, and Arizona. The authors find that immigrants living in rural areas are underserved, especially in access to justice, compared with those in metropolitan areas but that residents of smaller cities have better access, especially to health services, than those in larger cities. The service accessibility index not only brings such inequities into relief but raises critical questions about the determinants and consequences of service-access variability, for vulnerable immigrants and others dependent on the nonprofit safety net.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-27T11:31:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157683
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Gender Differences in Scaling Back: Family Formation and Aspirations
toward Work Achievement among Japanese Adults
Authors: Yuko Hara
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Previous research suggests that family responsibilities can negatively affect work attitudes, particularly for women. The opportunity structure theoretical perspective posits that positions in opportunity structures in the workplace, not gender, shape work attitudes. But few studies have examined how work attitudes change during adulthood or identified which life events precipitate changes in work attitudes. Using six waves of panel data and fixed-effects models, the author examines changes in work attitudes, focusing on aspirations toward work achievement and upon becoming a spouse and subsequently a parent in Japan, a highly gendered, industrialized society. For women, transitions to marriage and parenthood are negatively associated with aspirations, even when controlling for job characteristics, whereas family formation has little association with changes in the aspirations for men. Women scale back their aspirations toward work achievement when forming families, and marriage triggers shifts in the work attitudes.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-27T11:28:48Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157682
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Neighborhood Racial and Economic Composition Predicts Incidence of Various
Emergency Service Responses
Authors: Karl Vachuska
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Sociological research has investigated neighborhood inequality across various consequential events. Crime and violence continue to be dominant phenomena examined. Less sociological attention has been given to other types of adverse incidents involving emergency services responses. In this article, the author draws on a unique data set on medical emergencies, fires, traffic collisions, gas leaks, carbon monoxide leaks, and hazardous incidents from more than 600 local first-responder agencies across the United States to examine neighborhood inequalities in prevalence. The author finds that across nearly all outcomes, neighborhood proportion Black is a dominant predictor of incidence that persists net of a battery of controls. The author additionally finds socioeconomic disparities across a few of these outcomes, including medical emergencies, fires, and traffic collisions. The author concludes by broadly encouraging more sociological research on these understudied events.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-24T06:56:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157679
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Estimating Firm-, Occupation-, and Job-Level Gender Pay Gaps with U.S.
Linked Employer-Employee Population Data, 2005 to 2015
Authors: Joseph King, Matthew Mendoza, Andrew Penner, Anthony Rainey, Donald Tomaskovic-Devey
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Merging 2005 to 2015 Internal Revenue Service, Social Security, and Census records, the authors calculate national average gender pay gaps for various population definitions and then decompose trends in the contribution of firm, occupation, and job segregation to these pay gaps, as well as the size of the average residual “within-job” pay gap. In general, observed segregation tends to explain about half of age, education, and hours of work adjusted gender pay gaps, but the other half remains within occupations in the same firm. Although between-firm pay gaps rose and within-job pay gaps declined through 2009, the authors find little decline in firm- or job-level gender pay gaps after 2009. The results indicate that to reduce gender pay gaps, public policy and employers should target gender disparities in hiring and job assignment as well as potential disparities in pay setting.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-24T06:54:10Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157678
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Black Protesters in a White Social Movement: Looking to the Anti–Iraq
War Movement to Develop a Theory of Racialized Activism
Authors: Fabio Rojas, Michael T. Heaney, Muna Adem
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
On the basis of ethnographic and historical accounts, many movement scholars hold that differences in political expectations and interaction styles inhibit cross-racial collaboration in social movements. Inspired by this research, the authors ask three questions about minority participation in social movements and address them using a survey of more than 6,000 participants in the anti–Iraq War movement. First, the authors ask about relational inequality. Did Black protesters have fewer ties with the antiwar movement than Whites' Second, the authors ask about siloing. Were Black protesters disproportionately concentrated in specific movement organizations' Third, the authors ask if patterns of inequality were similar for Latino and Asian activists' The authors find evidence of relational inequality for Black activists but not Latino or Asian activists. They find evidence of siloing for all three ethnic groups. These empirical results are used to articulate an account of racialized activism with special attention to organizational processes.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-21T05:20:31Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157673
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Crossing the Line: Disgust, Dehumanization, and Human Rights Violations
Authors: David L. Rousseau, Brandon Gorman, Lisa E. Baranik
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
What leads Americans to support human rights violations' The authors explore the role of disgust on dehumanization and support for retaliatory human rights violations, including support for torture, targeting noncombatants, and extrajudicial killing. Using a survey experiment, the authors find that American respondents are disgusted with outgroups whose behaviors violate global human rights norms. These feelings of disgust lead respondents to dehumanize these outgroups and support hypothetical human rights violations against past violators as well as noncombatants ostensibly affiliated with them. Although the experimental vignettes also triggered anger and sadness in participants, only disgust reactions consistently produced dehumanization and support for human rights violations against outgroups. The results indicate that global human rights norms delineate not only acceptable behavior toward others but also the boundaries between those deserving and undeserving of human rights protections.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-18T10:34:37Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157686
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Changes over Time in COVID-19 Vaccination Inequalities in Eight Large U.S.
Cities
Authors: S. Michael Gaddis, Colleen M. Carey, Nicholas V. DiRago
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The authors estimate the associations between community socioeconomic composition and changes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination levels in eight large cities at three time points. In March, communities with high socioeconomic status (SES) had significantly higher vaccination rates than low-SES communities. Between March and April, low-SES communities had significantly lower changes in percentage vaccinated than high-SES communities. Between April and May, this difference was not significant. Thus, the large vaccination gap between communities during restricted vaccine eligibility did not narrow when eligibility opened up. The link between COVID-19 vaccination and community disadvantage may lead to a bifurcated recovery whereby advantaged communities move on from the pandemic more quickly while disadvantaged communities continue to suffer.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-17T05:16:10Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231161045
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Visualizing Underemployment Dynamics in Australia: Combining Sankey and
Sequence Analysis Plots
Authors: Sophia Fauser, Irma Mooi-Reci
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
This visualization uses annual data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to illustrate the dynamics of underemployment for Australian men and women in their early careers (ages 25–34 years). Visualizing the dynamics of underemployment reveals that it is a persistent and gender-biased issue. Women are more likely to experience underemployment in their early careers compared with men. Additionally, women are more likely to become trapped in a cycle of underemployment and inactivity, leading to unfavorable long-term work experiences. This disparity highlights the need for policies that improve women’s human capital and productivity by addressing underemployment in their early careers.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-17T05:14:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231160640
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Time Transfers by Age and Gender in 28 Countries
Authors: Lili Vargha, Bernhard Binder-Hammer, Gretchen Donehower
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Transfers of services that are produced through unpaid care work (such as cooking, cleaning, shopping, household maintenance, and direct care) sustain our societies. Yet they differ considerably between genders and across countries. This visualization highlights the cross-country differences in giving and receiving unpaid household services (time transfers) by gender and age for 28 countries. It demonstrates how much more unpaid care work is done by women compared with men across the lifecycle in all countries. The visualization also shows that the highest amount of time transfers is received by the youngest generations.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-16T05:04:02Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231153615
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Increased Age Heaping in Mobile Phone Surveys Conducted in Low-Income and
Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Stéphane Helleringer, Samantha W. Lau, Shammi Luhar, Jethro Banda, Bruno Lankoande, Malebogo Tlhajoane, Georges Reniers
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the number of surveys conducted remotely by mobile phone in low-income and middle-income countries has increased rapidly. This shift has helped sustain data collection despite restrictions on mobility and interactions. It might also allow collecting data more frequently on important demographic and socioeconomic topics. However, conducting interviews by mobile phone might affect the accuracy of reported data, for example, if respondents have difficulties understanding questions asked remotely, or data collectors have less time to probe and cross-check answers. In this visualization, the authors explore time trends in age heaping, a strong signal of reporting errors, in six African countries. They show that mobile phone surveys have generated noisier data on age than recent household surveys and censuses, thus possibly affecting researchers’ understanding of demographic processes and confounding multivariate analyses of socioeconomic outcomes.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-09T09:16:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231158766
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Decline Is Not Inevitable: Changes in Science Identity during the
Progression through a U.S. Middle School among Boys and Girls
Authors: Julia McQuillan, Patricia Wonch Hill, Joseph C. Jochman, Grace M. Kelly
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
In the United States, science capital is important for navigating many aspects of life. Yet during middle school, science interest declines more for girls than boys. It is unclear, however, whether science identity also declines during the middle school years and if there are differences by gender. The authors advance prior research by modeling changes in science identity and associations with changes in identity-relevant characteristics using growth curve analyses on four waves of data from 760 middle school youth. For girls and boys, science identity changes over time; about 40 percent of the variance is within-person change, with the remainder explained by aggregate between-person differences. The associations of all identity-relevant characteristics with science identity are not significantly different for girls and boys, yet declines in average values of identity-relevant characteristics are larger for girls than boys.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-25T09:30:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231152195
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Prospective Attitude about the Importance of Planning Pregnancies Is
Associated with Retrospective Attitude toward a Specific Pregnancy
Authors: Arthur L. Greil, Karina M. Shreffler, Stacy M. Tiemeyer, Julia McQuillan
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Several theories of fertility behavior assume that planning is important to women. Is this a reasonable assumption' To answer this question, the authors used the National Survey of Fertility Barriers. Among women with unsure or positive fertility intentions at wave 1, most (75 percent) agreed with the statement “It is important to plan my pregnancies.” Logistic regression, adjusted for control variables, indicated that fertility intentions are a distinct construct from pregnancy planning attitudes. Multinomial regression of retrospective pregnancy attitude three years later among a subsample of women who had pregnancies during that period indicated that women who felt that it was more important to plan pregnancies had higher odds of describing their intentions at the time of a subsequent pregnancy as “trying to” become pregnant compared with “okay either way.” Therefore, it is useful to measure and include pregnancy planning attitude, in addition to intentions, in fertility research.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-24T06:41:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231153619
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Black-White Differences in Parental Happiness
Authors: Jennifer Augustine, Mia Brantley
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Lower levels of happiness among Blacks compared with Whites are well documented, as are lower levels of happiness among parents compared with nonparents. Yet it remains unclear whether the parenting happiness gap is larger among Blacks compared with Whites. Drawing on the General Social Survey (2010–2018), the authors investigate this question. The authors find that White mothers reported less happiness compared with their White female nonparent counterparts, but contrary to research highlighting the profound challenges of parenting for Black women, a parental happiness gap among Black women was not observed. Among Black men, parents reported a much higher probability of being very happy than their nonparent counterparts, whereas White fathers’ happiness was no different from that of their male counterparts without children. These findings are discussed in view of stereotypes about Black mothers and fathers, their resilience to stressors such as racism and discrimination, and emerging research on the salience of fatherhood for Black men.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-24T06:35:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231153617
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Income Inequality in U.S. Voting: A Visualization
Authors: Daniel Laurison, Ankit Rastogi
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Although it is clear that the 2020 election broke turnout records, we do not know how levels of voting changed across income groups. Journalistic accounts emphasized increases in turnout across demographic groups but relied on self-reported voter data. The authors use validated voting data from both the Common Election Study and the Pew Research Center to examine the relationship between income and voting across the two elections (along with education and race in supplemental analyses). The authors show that levels of inequality in political participation were the same or higher in 2020 compared with previous years and that there are substantial differences in coefficients for income between the two data sets, raising questions about the accuracy of validated voter data.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-22T06:33:40Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231154358
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Does the Musk Twitter Takeover Matter' Political Influencers, Their
Arguments, and the Quality of Information They Share
Authors: Deana A. Rohlinger, Kyle Rose, Sarah Warren, Stuart Shulman
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
In October 2022, Elon Musk took over Twitter. Although conservatives cheered the takeover, progressives decried it as dangerous for democracy. Despite scholarly interest in Twitter, little is known about the impact of “old” Twitter’s policies on the information environment, making it difficult to speculate about Musk’s effects. The authors begin to address this gap through an analysis of 245,020 tweets collected before and after Twitter suspended eight accounts calling for state audits of the 2020 presidential election results. In this analysis of message amplifiers, or accounts receiving 200 or more retweets, and message drivers, or top-ranked accounts, no evidence is found that the Twitter ban improved the ideas or the quality of information shared about the election, nor did it dramatically change who posted about the audit. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for future research on Twitter under Musk’s control.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-13T12:27:22Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231152193
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Urbanization and the Paradox of Rural Population Decline: Racial and
Regional Variation
Authors: Daniel T. Lichter, Kenneth M. Johnson
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The authors redress the commonplace narrative of rural decline. Data from the decennial censuses since 1980 reveal that rural growth is often counted as metro growth; that is, it is added to the expanding universe of metro counties. First, nonmetro counties (defined in 1980) grew from 55 million people in 1980 to roughly 70 million in 2020. Yet, because of nonmetro-to-metro reclassification, the 2020 census reports a nonmetro population of only 46 million. Second, nonmetro growth has been due almost entirely to endogenous growth of minority populations. Reclassification transferred disproportionate shares of America’s rural White population to the metro side of the demographic ledger, leaving behind rural minorities. Third, these racial differences in growth–both endogenous population growth and growth due to reclassification–are most apparent in the South, where most rural minorities live. Our goal is to provide both substantive and didactic lessons for studying population growth and decline.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-07T11:56:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221149896
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- The (In)Flexibility of Racial Discrimination: Labor Market Context and the
Racial Wage Gap in the United States, 2000 to 2021
Authors: Felipe A. Dias
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Does racial wage discrimination increase during economic downturns' In this article, the author tests empirically the association between economic conditions and racial wage discrimination for black, Hispanic, and Asian workers. Using data from the Current Population Survey, the author finds that the wage gap between Hispanics and whites, and between Asians and whites, increases with the job-seeker rate and unemployment rate. However, the wage gap between black and white workers increases slightly with the unemployment rate and does not change at all with the job-seeker rate. The author advances the concept of “wage discrimination flexibility” to argue that racial wage discrimination against black workers is more rigid and resistant to changes in economic environments, whereas wage discrimination against Hispanics and Asians is more flexible and responsive to economic conditions. The author discusses the implications of these findings for theories of discrimination and for policies aiming to foster equal opportunities in the labor market.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-04T05:18:59Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221148932
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Political Economy of the COVID-19 Pandemic: How State Policies Shape
County-Level Disparities in COVID-19 Deaths
Authors: Yue Sun, Erin M. Bisesti
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The authors examine how two state-level coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) policy indices (one capturing economic support and one capturing stringency measures such as stay-at-home orders) were associated with county-level COVID-19 mortality from April through December 2020 and whether the policies were more beneficial for certain counties. Using multilevel negative binominal regression models, the authors found that high scores on both policy indices were associated with lower county-level COVID-19 mortality. However, the policies appeared to be most beneficial for counties with fewer physicians and larger shares of older adults, low-educated residents, and Trump voters. They appeared to be less effective in counties with larger shares of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic residents. These findings underscore the importance of examining how state and local factors jointly shape COVID-19 mortality and indicate that the unequal benefits of pandemic policies may have contributed to county-level disparities in COVID-19 mortality.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-02T06:16:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221149902
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- How Parental Internal Migration within China Affects the Aspirations of
Left-Behind and Migrant Children: From Comparative and Multidimensional
Perspectives
Authors: Zhenxiang Chen
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The author explores how parents’ internal migration within China affects their children’s socioeconomic aspirations and extends previous research by (1) comparing left-behind and migrant children, (2) considering multidimensional aspirations, and (3) testing mechanisms that explain the effects of parents’ migration on their children’s aspirational pathways. The first finding is that left-behind and migrant children have higher migratory aspirations than rural children. However, left-behind and migrant children do not differ from rural children in terms of occupational aspirations. The multidimensional perspective revealed that migrant children do not want mid-status or high-status occupations in smaller cities; rather, they prefer traditional rural-to-urban labor migration pathways, working in low-status occupations in big cities. Finally, the findings verified that most of the hypothesized mechanisms cannot explain the effects of parental migration. The persistence of the effects of parental migration on migrant children suggests that institutional mechanisms may exist to explain the effects.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-01T06:28:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221149903
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- How Americans Assess Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from a Survey
Experiment
Authors: Anne Groggel, Fabio Rojas
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Most Americans view intimate partner violence as wrong. Less is known, however, about how the general population evaluates threats from romantic partners. When do third parties support interventions such as police involvement, restraining orders, or prohibiting the abuser from owning a gun' Through a survey-based experiment, participants reacted to a separated dating relationship scenario in which three elements were manipulated: the race of the couple, the medium of communication between the perpetrator and the victim, and whether the male character referenced a gun. Using a structural equation model, the authors find that the inclusion of a gun dramatically increases concern, which in turn fosters support for interventions. However, participants’ race and gender and the race of the couple shape these effects. When the victims in the separated dating scenario are Black, participants were less likely to call for the abuser to be prohibited from owning a gun, even when they have expressed concern about the situation. This suggests that although a gun has a clear and strong effect, racial and gender effects are more complex.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-01T06:16:50Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221149627
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Changes in Smoking Prevalence from Adolescence to Adulthood among Asian
Americans: Evidence of Selective Acculturation across Gender
Authors: Zobayer Ahmmad, Kim Korinek, Ming Wen, Daniel E. Adkins
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
It is well established that immigrant adolescents have lower smoking rates than their native-born counterparts. Although smoking rates among immigrants have been theorized to increase with U.S. acculturation, this hypothesis has seldom been tested using longitudinal data spanning multiple developmental stages. The authors address this limitation using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to model age-based smoking trajectories by gender and nativity status among Asian Americans (ages 10–33 years), adjusting for a range of control covariates. Trajectory analyses indicate that the gap between immigrants and natives generally increases as individuals age, but this process varies by gender, with immigrant women exhibiting a significantly less steep smoking growth trajectory (b = −.011, p
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-01T06:13:10Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221148154
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- The Impact of the Pandemic on Poor Urban Neighborhoods: A Participatory
Action Research Study of a “Favela” in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Anjuli Fahlberg, Cristiane Martins, Mirian de Andrade, Sophia Costa, Jacob Portela
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The pandemic provoked by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) devastated poor urban neighborhoods across the world, particularly in the Global South, although empirical data on this remain limited. In this article, the authors present data collected through a mixed-methods, participatory action research approach on the impacts of the pandemic in Cidade de Deus, a “favela,” or poor informal settlement, in Rio de Janeiro. The authors find that the indirect consequences of COVID-19, in particular economic and mental health problems, were experienced as more severe than the direct effects of the virus itself, despite high rates of infection and mortality. The study also revealed that residents relied heavily on one another through local systems of mutual aid to address immediate crises. These findings suggest that the pandemic provoked a complex and diverse set of challenges and actions in the economic, social, physical, and mental spheres of poor urban neighborhoods.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-01T06:11:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221137139
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Are Supervision Violations Filling Prisons' The Role of Probation, Parole,
and New Offenses in Driving Mass Incarceration
Authors: Michelle S. Phelps, H. N. Dickens, De Andre’ T. Beadle
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Advocates for reform have highlighted violations of probation and parole conditions as a key driver of mass incarceration. As a 2019 Council of State Governments report declared, supervision violations are “filling prisons and burdening budgets.” Yet few scholarly accounts estimate the precise role of technical violations in fueling prison populations during the prison boom. Using national surveys of state prison populations from 1979 to 2016, the authors document that most incarcerated persons are behind bars for new sentences. On average, just one in eight people in state prisons on any given day has been locked up for a technical violation of community supervision alone. Thus, strategies to substantially reduce prison populations must look to new criminal offenses and sentence length.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-01-12T09:43:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221148631
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- A Seat at the Table: A New Data Set of Social Movement Organization
Representation before Congress during the Twentieth Century
Authors: Charles Seguin, Thomas V. Maher, Yongjun Zhang
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The authors ask descriptive questions concerning the relationship between social movement organizations (SMOs) and the state. Which movement’s SMOs are consulted the most by the state' Do only a few “spokes-organizations” speak for the whole of movements' Has the state increasingly consulted SMOs over time' Do the movements consulted most by the state advise only a few state venues' The authors present and describe a new publicly available data set covering 2,593 SMOs testifying at any of the 87,249 public congressional hearings held during the twentieth century. Testimony is highly concentrated across movements, with just four movements giving 64 percent of the testimony before Congress. A very few “spokes-organizations” testify far more often than typical SMOs. The SMO congressional testimony diversified over the twentieth century from primarily “old” movements such as Labor to include “new” movements such as the Environmental movement. The movements that testified most often did so before a broader range of congressional committees.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-01-12T09:42:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221144598
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- The Effect of Marital Name Choices on Heterosexual Women’s and Men’s
Perceived Quality as Romantic Partners
Authors: Kristin Kelley
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Are women and men judged for breaking gender norms in the context of heterosexual marriage' Using the case of marital name choice, the author compared the effect of gender-conventional choices (woman takes man’s surname) to gender-egalitarian choices (both partners keep or hyphenate their surnames) on the perceived quality of heterosexual women and men as romantic partners. Relying on a survey experiment (n = 501), the author found that U.S. respondents perceived women who kept their surnames and women who shared hyphenated surnames with their husbands to be less committed and loving and to conform less to respondents’ image of the ideal wife than women who changed their names. These results show that gender-norm violations, not preferences for a shared spousal surname, explain the marital name penalty. Men in norm-breaking couples were also judged, albeit not as harshly as women, suggesting that there are contexts in which women are granted less gender flexibility than men.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-01-10T10:51:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221148153
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Trends in the Parenthood Gap in Health and Well-Being among U.S. Women
from 1996 to 2018
Authors: Kei Nomaguchi, Melissa A. Milkie
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The notion that U.S. mothers with minor children are less happy and more depressed than nonmothers largely relies on data collected in the 1990s or earlier. Although the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic brought much attention to the stressfulness of parenting, we lack knowledge of how mothers fared relative to nonmothers in the 2000s and 2010s, before the pandemic. The authors investigate trends in the parenthood gap in happiness, depression, and self-rated health among women aged 18 to 59 years, using the 1996 to 2018 General Social Survey (n = 13,254) and the 1997 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 263,110). Results indicate that twenty-first-century mothers with younger children were better off than nonmothers on two measures, reporting less depression and better health. Mothers’ “depression advantage” grew across this time. However, mothers with older children reported less happiness than nonmothers, a continued trend from the 1990s. The study underscores the importance of examining various well-being indicators across the changing contexts of parenting.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-01-10T10:49:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221145067
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
|
Open Access journal
