 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- Neighborhood Racial and Economic Composition Predicts Incidence of Various
Emergency Service Responses
Authors: Karl Vachuska
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Sociological research has investigated neighborhood inequality across various consequential events. Crime and violence continue to be dominant phenomena examined. Less sociological attention has been given to other types of adverse incidents involving emergency services responses. In this article, the author draws on a unique data set on medical emergencies, fires, traffic collisions, gas leaks, carbon monoxide leaks, and hazardous incidents from more than 600 local first-responder agencies across the United States to examine neighborhood inequalities in prevalence. The author finds that across nearly all outcomes, neighborhood proportion Black is a dominant predictor of incidence that persists net of a battery of controls. The author additionally finds socioeconomic disparities across a few of these outcomes, including medical emergencies, fires, and traffic collisions. The author concludes by broadly encouraging more sociological research on these understudied events.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-24T06:56:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157679
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Estimating Firm-, Occupation-, and Job-Level Gender Pay Gaps with U.S.
Linked Employer-Employee Population Data, 2005 to 2015
Authors: Joseph King, Matthew Mendoza, Andrew Penner, Anthony Rainey, Donald Tomaskovic-Devey
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Merging 2005 to 2015 Internal Revenue Service, Social Security, and Census records, the authors calculate national average gender pay gaps for various population definitions and then decompose trends in the contribution of firm, occupation, and job segregation to these pay gaps, as well as the size of the average residual “within-job” pay gap. In general, observed segregation tends to explain about half of age, education, and hours of work adjusted gender pay gaps, but the other half remains within occupations in the same firm. Although between-firm pay gaps rose and within-job pay gaps declined through 2009, the authors find little decline in firm- or job-level gender pay gaps after 2009. The results indicate that to reduce gender pay gaps, public policy and employers should target gender disparities in hiring and job assignment as well as potential disparities in pay setting.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-24T06:54:10Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157678
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Black Protesters in a White Social Movement: Looking to the Anti–Iraq
War Movement to Develop a Theory of Racialized Activism
Authors: Fabio Rojas, Michael T. Heaney, Muna Adem
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
On the basis of ethnographic and historical accounts, many movement scholars hold that differences in political expectations and interaction styles inhibit cross-racial collaboration in social movements. Inspired by this research, the authors ask three questions about minority participation in social movements and address them using a survey of more than 6,000 participants in the anti–Iraq War movement. First, the authors ask about relational inequality. Did Black protesters have fewer ties with the antiwar movement than Whites' Second, the authors ask about siloing. Were Black protesters disproportionately concentrated in specific movement organizations' Third, the authors ask if patterns of inequality were similar for Latino and Asian activists' The authors find evidence of relational inequality for Black activists but not Latino or Asian activists. They find evidence of siloing for all three ethnic groups. These empirical results are used to articulate an account of racialized activism with special attention to organizational processes.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-21T05:20:31Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157673
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Crossing the Line: Disgust, Dehumanization, and Human Rights Violations
Authors: David L. Rousseau, Brandon Gorman, Lisa E. Baranik
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
What leads Americans to support human rights violations' The authors explore the role of disgust on dehumanization and support for retaliatory human rights violations, including support for torture, targeting noncombatants, and extrajudicial killing. Using a survey experiment, the authors find that American respondents are disgusted with outgroups whose behaviors violate global human rights norms. These feelings of disgust lead respondents to dehumanize these outgroups and support hypothetical human rights violations against past violators as well as noncombatants ostensibly affiliated with them. Although the experimental vignettes also triggered anger and sadness in participants, only disgust reactions consistently produced dehumanization and support for human rights violations against outgroups. The results indicate that global human rights norms delineate not only acceptable behavior toward others but also the boundaries between those deserving and undeserving of human rights protections.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-18T10:34:37Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231157686
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Changes over Time in COVID-19 Vaccination Inequalities in Eight Large U.S.
Cities
Authors: S. Michael Gaddis, Colleen M. Carey, Nicholas V. DiRago
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The authors estimate the associations between community socioeconomic composition and changes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination levels in eight large cities at three time points. In March, communities with high socioeconomic status (SES) had significantly higher vaccination rates than low-SES communities. Between March and April, low-SES communities had significantly lower changes in percentage vaccinated than high-SES communities. Between April and May, this difference was not significant. Thus, the large vaccination gap between communities during restricted vaccine eligibility did not narrow when eligibility opened up. The link between COVID-19 vaccination and community disadvantage may lead to a bifurcated recovery whereby advantaged communities move on from the pandemic more quickly while disadvantaged communities continue to suffer.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-17T05:16:10Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231161045
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Visualizing Underemployment Dynamics in Australia: Combining Sankey and
Sequence Analysis Plots
Authors: Sophia Fauser, Irma Mooi-Reci
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
This visualization uses annual data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to illustrate the dynamics of underemployment for Australian men and women in their early careers (ages 25–34 years). Visualizing the dynamics of underemployment reveals that it is a persistent and gender-biased issue. Women are more likely to experience underemployment in their early careers compared with men. Additionally, women are more likely to become trapped in a cycle of underemployment and inactivity, leading to unfavorable long-term work experiences. This disparity highlights the need for policies that improve women’s human capital and productivity by addressing underemployment in their early careers.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-17T05:14:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231160640
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Time Transfers by Age and Gender in 28 Countries
Authors: Lili Vargha, Bernhard Binder-Hammer, Gretchen Donehower
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Transfers of services that are produced through unpaid care work (such as cooking, cleaning, shopping, household maintenance, and direct care) sustain our societies. Yet they differ considerably between genders and across countries. This visualization highlights the cross-country differences in giving and receiving unpaid household services (time transfers) by gender and age for 28 countries. It demonstrates how much more unpaid care work is done by women compared with men across the lifecycle in all countries. The visualization also shows that the highest amount of time transfers is received by the youngest generations.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-16T05:04:02Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231153615
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Increased Age Heaping in Mobile Phone Surveys Conducted in Low-Income and
Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Stéphane Helleringer, Samantha W. Lau, Shammi Luhar, Jethro Banda, Bruno Lankoande, Malebogo Tlhajoane, Georges Reniers
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the number of surveys conducted remotely by mobile phone in low-income and middle-income countries has increased rapidly. This shift has helped sustain data collection despite restrictions on mobility and interactions. It might also allow collecting data more frequently on important demographic and socioeconomic topics. However, conducting interviews by mobile phone might affect the accuracy of reported data, for example, if respondents have difficulties understanding questions asked remotely, or data collectors have less time to probe and cross-check answers. In this visualization, the authors explore time trends in age heaping, a strong signal of reporting errors, in six African countries. They show that mobile phone surveys have generated noisier data on age than recent household surveys and censuses, thus possibly affecting researchers’ understanding of demographic processes and confounding multivariate analyses of socioeconomic outcomes.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-03-09T09:16:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231158766
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Decline Is Not Inevitable: Changes in Science Identity during the
Progression through a U.S. Middle School among Boys and Girls
Authors: Julia McQuillan, Patricia Wonch Hill, Joseph C. Jochman, Grace M. Kelly
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
In the United States, science capital is important for navigating many aspects of life. Yet during middle school, science interest declines more for girls than boys. It is unclear, however, whether science identity also declines during the middle school years and if there are differences by gender. The authors advance prior research by modeling changes in science identity and associations with changes in identity-relevant characteristics using growth curve analyses on four waves of data from 760 middle school youth. For girls and boys, science identity changes over time; about 40 percent of the variance is within-person change, with the remainder explained by aggregate between-person differences. The associations of all identity-relevant characteristics with science identity are not significantly different for girls and boys, yet declines in average values of identity-relevant characteristics are larger for girls than boys.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-25T09:30:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231152195
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Prospective Attitude about the Importance of Planning Pregnancies Is
Associated with Retrospective Attitude toward a Specific Pregnancy
Authors: Arthur L. Greil, Karina M. Shreffler, Stacy M. Tiemeyer, Julia McQuillan
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Several theories of fertility behavior assume that planning is important to women. Is this a reasonable assumption' To answer this question, the authors used the National Survey of Fertility Barriers. Among women with unsure or positive fertility intentions at wave 1, most (75 percent) agreed with the statement “It is important to plan my pregnancies.” Logistic regression, adjusted for control variables, indicated that fertility intentions are a distinct construct from pregnancy planning attitudes. Multinomial regression of retrospective pregnancy attitude three years later among a subsample of women who had pregnancies during that period indicated that women who felt that it was more important to plan pregnancies had higher odds of describing their intentions at the time of a subsequent pregnancy as “trying to” become pregnant compared with “okay either way.” Therefore, it is useful to measure and include pregnancy planning attitude, in addition to intentions, in fertility research.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-24T06:41:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231153619
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Black-White Differences in Parental Happiness
Authors: Jennifer Augustine, Mia Brantley
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Lower levels of happiness among Blacks compared with Whites are well documented, as are lower levels of happiness among parents compared with nonparents. Yet it remains unclear whether the parenting happiness gap is larger among Blacks compared with Whites. Drawing on the General Social Survey (2010–2018), the authors investigate this question. The authors find that White mothers reported less happiness compared with their White female nonparent counterparts, but contrary to research highlighting the profound challenges of parenting for Black women, a parental happiness gap among Black women was not observed. Among Black men, parents reported a much higher probability of being very happy than their nonparent counterparts, whereas White fathers’ happiness was no different from that of their male counterparts without children. These findings are discussed in view of stereotypes about Black mothers and fathers, their resilience to stressors such as racism and discrimination, and emerging research on the salience of fatherhood for Black men.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-24T06:35:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231153617
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Income Inequality in U.S. Voting: A Visualization
Authors: Daniel Laurison, Ankit Rastogi
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Although it is clear that the 2020 election broke turnout records, we do not know how levels of voting changed across income groups. Journalistic accounts emphasized increases in turnout across demographic groups but relied on self-reported voter data. The authors use validated voting data from both the Common Election Study and the Pew Research Center to examine the relationship between income and voting across the two elections (along with education and race in supplemental analyses). The authors show that levels of inequality in political participation were the same or higher in 2020 compared with previous years and that there are substantial differences in coefficients for income between the two data sets, raising questions about the accuracy of validated voter data.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-22T06:33:40Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231154358
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Does the Musk Twitter Takeover Matter' Political Influencers, Their
Arguments, and the Quality of Information They Share
Authors: Deana A. Rohlinger, Kyle Rose, Sarah Warren, Stuart Shulman
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
In October 2022, Elon Musk took over Twitter. Although conservatives cheered the takeover, progressives decried it as dangerous for democracy. Despite scholarly interest in Twitter, little is known about the impact of “old” Twitter’s policies on the information environment, making it difficult to speculate about Musk’s effects. The authors begin to address this gap through an analysis of 245,020 tweets collected before and after Twitter suspended eight accounts calling for state audits of the 2020 presidential election results. In this analysis of message amplifiers, or accounts receiving 200 or more retweets, and message drivers, or top-ranked accounts, no evidence is found that the Twitter ban improved the ideas or the quality of information shared about the election, nor did it dramatically change who posted about the audit. The authors conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings for future research on Twitter under Musk’s control.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-13T12:27:22Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231231152193
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Urbanization and the Paradox of Rural Population Decline: Racial and
Regional Variation
Authors: Daniel T. Lichter, Kenneth M. Johnson
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The authors redress the commonplace narrative of rural decline. Data from the decennial censuses since 1980 reveal that rural growth is often counted as metro growth; that is, it is added to the expanding universe of metro counties. First, nonmetro counties (defined in 1980) grew from 55 million people in 1980 to roughly 70 million in 2020. Yet, because of nonmetro-to-metro reclassification, the 2020 census reports a nonmetro population of only 46 million. Second, nonmetro growth has been due almost entirely to endogenous growth of minority populations. Reclassification transferred disproportionate shares of America’s rural White population to the metro side of the demographic ledger, leaving behind rural minorities. Third, these racial differences in growth–both endogenous population growth and growth due to reclassification–are most apparent in the South, where most rural minorities live. Our goal is to provide both substantive and didactic lessons for studying population growth and decline.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-07T11:56:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221149896
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- The (In)Flexibility of Racial Discrimination: Labor Market Context and the
Racial Wage Gap in the United States, 2000 to 2021
Authors: Felipe A. Dias
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Does racial wage discrimination increase during economic downturns' In this article, the author tests empirically the association between economic conditions and racial wage discrimination for black, Hispanic, and Asian workers. Using data from the Current Population Survey, the author finds that the wage gap between Hispanics and whites, and between Asians and whites, increases with the job-seeker rate and unemployment rate. However, the wage gap between black and white workers increases slightly with the unemployment rate and does not change at all with the job-seeker rate. The author advances the concept of “wage discrimination flexibility” to argue that racial wage discrimination against black workers is more rigid and resistant to changes in economic environments, whereas wage discrimination against Hispanics and Asians is more flexible and responsive to economic conditions. The author discusses the implications of these findings for theories of discrimination and for policies aiming to foster equal opportunities in the labor market.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-04T05:18:59Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221148932
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Political Economy of the COVID-19 Pandemic: How State Policies Shape
County-Level Disparities in COVID-19 Deaths
Authors: Yue Sun, Erin M. Bisesti
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The authors examine how two state-level coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) policy indices (one capturing economic support and one capturing stringency measures such as stay-at-home orders) were associated with county-level COVID-19 mortality from April through December 2020 and whether the policies were more beneficial for certain counties. Using multilevel negative binominal regression models, the authors found that high scores on both policy indices were associated with lower county-level COVID-19 mortality. However, the policies appeared to be most beneficial for counties with fewer physicians and larger shares of older adults, low-educated residents, and Trump voters. They appeared to be less effective in counties with larger shares of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic residents. These findings underscore the importance of examining how state and local factors jointly shape COVID-19 mortality and indicate that the unequal benefits of pandemic policies may have contributed to county-level disparities in COVID-19 mortality.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-02T06:16:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221149902
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- How Parental Internal Migration within China Affects the Aspirations of
Left-Behind and Migrant Children: From Comparative and Multidimensional
Perspectives
Authors: Zhenxiang Chen
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The author explores how parents’ internal migration within China affects their children’s socioeconomic aspirations and extends previous research by (1) comparing left-behind and migrant children, (2) considering multidimensional aspirations, and (3) testing mechanisms that explain the effects of parents’ migration on their children’s aspirational pathways. The first finding is that left-behind and migrant children have higher migratory aspirations than rural children. However, left-behind and migrant children do not differ from rural children in terms of occupational aspirations. The multidimensional perspective revealed that migrant children do not want mid-status or high-status occupations in smaller cities; rather, they prefer traditional rural-to-urban labor migration pathways, working in low-status occupations in big cities. Finally, the findings verified that most of the hypothesized mechanisms cannot explain the effects of parental migration. The persistence of the effects of parental migration on migrant children suggests that institutional mechanisms may exist to explain the effects.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-01T06:28:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221149903
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- How Americans Assess Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from a Survey
Experiment
Authors: Anne Groggel, Fabio Rojas
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Most Americans view intimate partner violence as wrong. Less is known, however, about how the general population evaluates threats from romantic partners. When do third parties support interventions such as police involvement, restraining orders, or prohibiting the abuser from owning a gun' Through a survey-based experiment, participants reacted to a separated dating relationship scenario in which three elements were manipulated: the race of the couple, the medium of communication between the perpetrator and the victim, and whether the male character referenced a gun. Using a structural equation model, the authors find that the inclusion of a gun dramatically increases concern, which in turn fosters support for interventions. However, participants’ race and gender and the race of the couple shape these effects. When the victims in the separated dating scenario are Black, participants were less likely to call for the abuser to be prohibited from owning a gun, even when they have expressed concern about the situation. This suggests that although a gun has a clear and strong effect, racial and gender effects are more complex.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-01T06:16:50Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221149627
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Changes in Smoking Prevalence from Adolescence to Adulthood among Asian
Americans: Evidence of Selective Acculturation across Gender
Authors: Zobayer Ahmmad, Kim Korinek, Ming Wen, Daniel E. Adkins
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
It is well established that immigrant adolescents have lower smoking rates than their native-born counterparts. Although smoking rates among immigrants have been theorized to increase with U.S. acculturation, this hypothesis has seldom been tested using longitudinal data spanning multiple developmental stages. The authors address this limitation using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to model age-based smoking trajectories by gender and nativity status among Asian Americans (ages 10–33 years), adjusting for a range of control covariates. Trajectory analyses indicate that the gap between immigrants and natives generally increases as individuals age, but this process varies by gender, with immigrant women exhibiting a significantly less steep smoking growth trajectory (b = −.011, p
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-01T06:13:10Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221148154
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- The Impact of the Pandemic on Poor Urban Neighborhoods: A Participatory
Action Research Study of a “Favela” in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Anjuli Fahlberg, Cristiane Martins, Mirian de Andrade, Sophia Costa, Jacob Portela
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The pandemic provoked by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) devastated poor urban neighborhoods across the world, particularly in the Global South, although empirical data on this remain limited. In this article, the authors present data collected through a mixed-methods, participatory action research approach on the impacts of the pandemic in Cidade de Deus, a “favela,” or poor informal settlement, in Rio de Janeiro. The authors find that the indirect consequences of COVID-19, in particular economic and mental health problems, were experienced as more severe than the direct effects of the virus itself, despite high rates of infection and mortality. The study also revealed that residents relied heavily on one another through local systems of mutual aid to address immediate crises. These findings suggest that the pandemic provoked a complex and diverse set of challenges and actions in the economic, social, physical, and mental spheres of poor urban neighborhoods.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-02-01T06:11:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221137139
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Are Supervision Violations Filling Prisons' The Role of Probation,
Parole, and New Offenses in Driving Mass Incarceration
Authors: Michelle S. Phelps, H. N. Dickens, De Andre’ T. Beadle
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Advocates for reform have highlighted violations of probation and parole conditions as a key driver of mass incarceration. As a 2019 Council of State Governments report declared, supervision violations are “filling prisons and burdening budgets.” Yet few scholarly accounts estimate the precise role of technical violations in fueling prison populations during the prison boom. Using national surveys of state prison populations from 1979 to 2016, the authors document that most incarcerated persons are behind bars for new sentences. On average, just one in eight people in state prisons on any given day has been locked up for a technical violation of community supervision alone. Thus, strategies to substantially reduce prison populations must look to new criminal offenses and sentence length.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-01-12T09:43:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221148631
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- A Seat at the Table: A New Data Set of Social Movement Organization
Representation before Congress during the Twentieth Century
Authors: Charles Seguin, Thomas V. Maher, Yongjun Zhang
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The authors ask descriptive questions concerning the relationship between social movement organizations (SMOs) and the state. Which movement’s SMOs are consulted the most by the state' Do only a few “spokes-organizations” speak for the whole of movements' Has the state increasingly consulted SMOs over time' Do the movements consulted most by the state advise only a few state venues' The authors present and describe a new publicly available data set covering 2,593 SMOs testifying at any of the 87,249 public congressional hearings held during the twentieth century. Testimony is highly concentrated across movements, with just four movements giving 64 percent of the testimony before Congress. A very few “spokes-organizations” testify far more often than typical SMOs. The SMO congressional testimony diversified over the twentieth century from primarily “old” movements such as Labor to include “new” movements such as the Environmental movement. The movements that testified most often did so before a broader range of congressional committees.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-01-12T09:42:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221144598
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- The Effect of Marital Name Choices on Heterosexual Women’s and Men’s
Perceived Quality as Romantic Partners
Authors: Kristin Kelley
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
Are women and men judged for breaking gender norms in the context of heterosexual marriage' Using the case of marital name choice, the author compared the effect of gender-conventional choices (woman takes man’s surname) to gender-egalitarian choices (both partners keep or hyphenate their surnames) on the perceived quality of heterosexual women and men as romantic partners. Relying on a survey experiment (n = 501), the author found that U.S. respondents perceived women who kept their surnames and women who shared hyphenated surnames with their husbands to be less committed and loving and to conform less to respondents’ image of the ideal wife than women who changed their names. These results show that gender-norm violations, not preferences for a shared spousal surname, explain the marital name penalty. Men in norm-breaking couples were also judged, albeit not as harshly as women, suggesting that there are contexts in which women are granted less gender flexibility than men.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-01-10T10:51:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221148153
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
- Trends in the Parenthood Gap in Health and Well-Being among U.S. Women
from 1996 to 2018
Authors: Kei Nomaguchi, Melissa A. Milkie
Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023.
The notion that U.S. mothers with minor children are less happy and more depressed than nonmothers largely relies on data collected in the 1990s or earlier. Although the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic brought much attention to the stressfulness of parenting, we lack knowledge of how mothers fared relative to nonmothers in the 2000s and 2010s, before the pandemic. The authors investigate trends in the parenthood gap in happiness, depression, and self-rated health among women aged 18 to 59 years, using the 1996 to 2018 General Social Survey (n = 13,254) and the 1997 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 263,110). Results indicate that twenty-first-century mothers with younger children were better off than nonmothers on two measures, reporting less depression and better health. Mothers’ “depression advantage” grew across this time. However, mothers with older children reported less happiness than nonmothers, a continued trend from the 1990s. The study underscores the importance of examining various well-being indicators across the changing contexts of parenting.
Citation: Socius
PubDate: 2023-01-10T10:49:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/23780231221145067
Issue No: Vol. 9 (2023)
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