Authors:Michelle S. Phelps, H. N. Dickens, De Andre’ T. Beadle Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023. Advocates for reform have highlighted violations of probation and parole conditions as a key driver of mass incarceration. As a 2019 Council of State Governments report declared, supervision violations are “filling prisons and burdening budgets.” Yet few scholarly accounts estimate the precise role of technical violations in fueling prison populations during the prison boom. Using national surveys of state prison populations from 1979 to 2016, the authors document that most incarcerated persons are behind bars for new sentences. On average, just one in eight people in state prisons on any given day has been locked up for a technical violation of community supervision alone. Thus, strategies to substantially reduce prison populations must look to new criminal offenses and sentence length. Citation: Socius PubDate: 2023-01-12T09:43:30Z DOI: 10.1177/23780231221148631 Issue No:Vol. 9 (2023)
Authors:Charles Seguin, Thomas V. Maher, Yongjun Zhang Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023. The authors ask descriptive questions concerning the relationship between social movement organizations (SMOs) and the state. Which movement’s SMOs are consulted the most by the state' Do only a few “spokes-organizations” speak for the whole of movements' Has the state increasingly consulted SMOs over time' Do the movements consulted most by the state advise only a few state venues' The authors present and describe a new publicly available data set covering 2,593 SMOs testifying at any of the 87,249 public congressional hearings held during the twentieth century. Testimony is highly concentrated across movements, with just four movements giving 64 percent of the testimony before Congress. A very few “spokes-organizations” testify far more often than typical SMOs. The SMO congressional testimony diversified over the twentieth century from primarily “old” movements such as Labor to include “new” movements such as the Environmental movement. The movements that testified most often did so before a broader range of congressional committees. Citation: Socius PubDate: 2023-01-12T09:42:11Z DOI: 10.1177/23780231221144598 Issue No:Vol. 9 (2023)
Authors:Kristin Kelley Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023. Are women and men judged for breaking gender norms in the context of heterosexual marriage' Using the case of marital name choice, the author compared the effect of gender-conventional choices (woman takes man’s surname) to gender-egalitarian choices (both partners keep or hyphenate their surnames) on the perceived quality of heterosexual women and men as romantic partners. Relying on a survey experiment (n = 501), the author found that U.S. respondents perceived women who kept their surnames and women who shared hyphenated surnames with their husbands to be less committed and loving and to conform less to respondents’ image of the ideal wife than women who changed their names. These results show that gender-norm violations, not preferences for a shared spousal surname, explain the marital name penalty. Men in norm-breaking couples were also judged, albeit not as harshly as women, suggesting that there are contexts in which women are granted less gender flexibility than men. Citation: Socius PubDate: 2023-01-10T10:51:46Z DOI: 10.1177/23780231221148153 Issue No:Vol. 9 (2023)
Authors:Kei Nomaguchi, Melissa A. Milkie Abstract: Socius, Volume 9, Issue , January-December 2023. The notion that U.S. mothers with minor children are less happy and more depressed than nonmothers largely relies on data collected in the 1990s or earlier. Although the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic brought much attention to the stressfulness of parenting, we lack knowledge of how mothers fared relative to nonmothers in the 2000s and 2010s, before the pandemic. The authors investigate trends in the parenthood gap in happiness, depression, and self-rated health among women aged 18 to 59 years, using the 1996 to 2018 General Social Survey (n = 13,254) and the 1997 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 263,110). Results indicate that twenty-first-century mothers with younger children were better off than nonmothers on two measures, reporting less depression and better health. Mothers’ “depression advantage” grew across this time. However, mothers with older children reported less happiness than nonmothers, a continued trend from the 1990s. The study underscores the importance of examining various well-being indicators across the changing contexts of parenting. Citation: Socius PubDate: 2023-01-10T10:49:46Z DOI: 10.1177/23780231221145067 Issue No:Vol. 9 (2023)
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