Authors:Nicky Chairani Isa Chamidi Abstract: Religious intolerance is worsening in various countries, including in Indonesia, a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. In Indonesia, one of the actors of this phenomenon is teachers. According to several studies, it was caused by state policies, religious education, learning strategy and teacher’s capacity. Based on the cases in two high schools in Pisang Batu City[1] in Indonesia, this study discovered similar findings. However, it was caused not only by the factors explained in the studies mentioned, but also by homophily in social networks. The community in which the teachers were raised, their school background, friendships in the workplace and the religious groups they participate in, all showed a tendency of homogeneity, which became the basis of the growth of intolerance on the basis of religion among teachers. [1] Taking into consideration that religious intolerance is a sensitive issue in Indonesia, we deliberately disguised the name of the city, schools, and informants. PubDate: 2021-02-05 Issue No:Vol. 25 (2021)
Authors:Nicky Chairani Isa Chamidi Abstract: Religious intolerance is worsening in various countries, including in Indonesia, a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. In Indonesia, one of the actors of this phenomenon is teachers. According to several studies, it was caused by state policies, religious education, learning strategy and teacher’s capacity. Based on the cases in two high schools in Pisang Batu City[1] in Indonesia, this study discovered similar findings. However, it was caused not only by the factors explained in the studies mentioned, but also by homophily in social networks. The community in which the teachers were raised, their school background, friendships in the workplace and the religious groups they participate in, all showed a tendency of homogeneity, which became the basis of the growth of intolerance on the basis of religion among teachers. [1] Taking into consideration that religious intolerance is a sensitive issue in Indonesia, we deliberately disguised the name of the city, schools, and informants. PubDate: 2021-02-05 Issue No:Vol. 25 (2021)
Authors:Sampean Sampean, Sofyan Sjaf Abstract: Pelaksanaan ethnodevelopment di Amerika Latin ditemukan permasalahan mendasar. Pertama, praktik ethnodevelopment bersifat korporatisme, negara mengontrol masyarakat adat melalui kebijakan pengembangan etnis. kedua, dominasi elite lokal dalam praktik pembangunan melayani kepentingan Bank Dunia. Temuan ini digunakan untuk mengonseptualisasikan kembali ethnodevelopment dari paradoks rekognisi dalam pengimplementasian UU Desa di komunitas adat Ammatoa Kajang. Paradoks rekognisi disebabkan karena kontradiksi antara nilai pasang dengan praktik-praktik pembangunan. Tulisan ini disusun berdasarkan penelitin yang menggunakan metode kualitatif berupa studi kasus. Pengumpulan data kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan Fokus Group Discussion terhadap anggota dan tokoh adat komunitas adat Ammatoa yang memahami seluk beluk pembangunan desa, budaya, komunitas. Tulisan ini menunjukkan suatu paradigma baru dari ethnodevelopment untuk menjalankan pembangunan di komunitas adat melalui indiginisasi pemikiran dan pembangunan adat yang mengarusutamakan tradisi, pengetahuan lokal, kearifan lokal, dan kebutuhan komunitas adat. Paradigma baru pembangunan desa ini digunakan untuk mengatasi paradoks rekognisi dalam pengimplementasian UU Desa. Strategi pelaksanaan Ethnodevelopmen dimulai dengan revitalisasi dan rekonstruksi rekognisi, emansipasi komunitas adat, rekonstruksi pengetahuan rekognisi dan kearifan lokal untuk merancang desa membangun, serta revitalisasi kelembagaan adat dan budaya untuk mewujudkan desa membangun tanpa pertumbuhan. PubDate: 2021-02-05 Issue No:Vol. 25 (2021)
Authors:Wida Ayu Puspitosari, Edeliya Relanika Purwandi Abstract: Abstrak Artikel ini mendeskripsikan penelitian etnografi tentang ekpektasi peran berbasis gender pada kalangan istri Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (TNI AD). Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mempertanyakan posisi para istri personel TNI AD berhadapan dengan berbagai peraturan atau kode tak tertulis yang muncul di lingkungan institusi militer. Artikel ini menegaskan adanya ekpektasi peran gender berbeda di antara sesama istri tentara berjenjang Tamtama muda dengan yang lebih senior. Untuk pembahasan lebih lanjut, penulis akan mendiskusikan arti dari peran berbasis gender di kalangan istri tentara; melalui penjelasan mengenai prosedur pernikahan militer dan berbagai ekpektasi peran gender serta persepsi dari istri tentara terhadap hal tersebut. Penulis akan mengevaluasi sejauh mana ekpektasi peran gender akan terus mencerminkan persaingan di antara istri tentara dan menyimpulkan stereotipe serta progress sosial terkait ekspektasi peran gender saat ini di lingkungan TNI AD. Abstract This paper deploys an ethnographic research of gender-based role expectation of Indonesia army wives. Its aim is to question wives’ positionality vis-à-vis the military institution and consider the implication for how to understand the unwritten conventions and codes to be army wives itself. This paper asserts that the expectation for wives are culturally gendered role that are different for seniors’ and junior’s army wives. To address these points, we discuss the meaning of gendered roles, then progress through a brief history of military marriage procedures, then discuss current expectations for and perception of army wives. We then evaluate the extent to which gendered role expectations continue to reflect rivalry among army wives before concluding with assertion about what today’s stereotypes and role expectation say about social progress in Indonesia army. PubDate: 2021-02-05 Issue No:Vol. 25 (2021)
Authors:Galang Anugrah Abstract: AbstrakPencegahan dan pembatasan akses (eksklusi) lahan merupakan inti dari persoalan sengketa agraria di Indonesia. Beberapa kajian sebelumnya cenderung melihat negara dan korporasi sebagai aktor yang mendorong proses eksklusi, sementara alasan di baliknya digerakkan oleh kepentingan modal semata. Namun, pada kenyataannya proses eksklusi juga digerakkan oleh tujuan-tujuan lain yakni alasan konservasi dan penyelamatan lingkungan. Tulisan ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi kasus sengketa agraria yang digerakkan oleh persoalan konservasi di kawasan Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Bangko-Bangko, dianalisis menggunakan konsep kuasa eksklusi (Hall et al. 2011). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, data-data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses eksklusi yang menyebabkan sengketa agraria di kawasan tersebut didorong oleh 3 (tiga) bentuk kuasa: regulasi, paksaan, dan legitimasi. Ragam kepengaturan, secara sinergis dengan legitimasi berbasis konservasi dan cara-cara paksaan, digunakan oleh negara untuk mengamankan klaim atas TWA Bangko-Bangko, sekaligus mencegah akses penduduk lokal mendiami kawasan tersebut. Konsekuensinya, resistensi muncul dari masyarakat dengan mengusung narasi ‘masyarakat asli’ sebagai legitimasi tandingan dalam rangka merebut kembali hak dan kedaulatan atas tanah.dari negara. AbstractLand exclusion (prevention and restriction of access) plays an important role in triggering agrarian conf licts in Indonesia. Previous studies tended to see the state and private companies as the main actors driving the exclusion process, while the reasons behind it were merely caused by the capital. However, the process of exclusion is also led by forestry and nature conservation. This paper aims to explore the case of agrarian conflicts that occur in the Bangko-Bangko National Natural Park, by examining the power of exclusion as a conceptual framework (Hall et al. 2011). By using qualitative research methods, the data were collected through observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. This study reveals that the exclusionary processes are primarily driven by 3 types of power: regulation, force, and legitimation. Regulation is carried out by the state, synergistically with the legitimation of conservation (by the notion of the common good) and the use of repressive means, to secure claim over Bangko-Bangko and prevent local people’ access to the area. The local community has found themselves were trie... PubDate: 2021-02-05 Issue No:Vol. 25 (2021)
Authors:Muhammad Aqil Irham Abstract: The most common definition of corruption is the abuse of public office for private gains. This definition is well formulated by Klitgaard in his elegant equation: Corruption=Monopoly+Discretion–Accountability. In order to improve this formula and make it fit with Indonesian context, Sujatmiko modified it to: Corruption=Monopoly+Discretion– Accountability–Social Control. The addition of ‘Social Control’ to this formula provides a sociological ground into the theoretical approach to corruption. However, the resulted formula still relies on ‘office-based definition of corruption’—a definition that, according to Warren, fits well in the context of administration and bureaucracy, but inadequate to properly understand corruption in a political context. In the case of Indonesian politics, a more ‘political definition’ of corruption is needed, since the emergence of political party as a strong democratic institution provides a fertile domain for corruption to proliferate. Warren’s ‘democratic conception of corruption’ has given a way for this kind of definition. However, in the context of practical politics in post-Soeharto Indonesia’s direct electoral and multiparty system, Warren’s framework needs to be contextualized by examining how the ‘real politics’ works, especially in inter-actors relations centering on political parties’ crucial role in gaining and distributing political power. In this regard, this article shows how the exclusiveness of political parties encourages the proliferation of politically corrupted practices among political actors in Indonesia PubDate: 2021-02-05 Issue No:Vol. 25 (2021)
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