 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- The Association Between Religiosity and Social Behaviour Among Children: A
Romanian Perspective
Abstract: For children, a proper environment will support the development of pro-social characteristics, while a hostile environment is likely to lead to anti-social development. Starting from this premise, the main purpose of this work is to determine if and to what degree children’s involvement in Christian practices, acquired as a result of living in a Christian environment, is reflected in their socio-emotional development. This possible association was assessed using Spearman and Pearson correlations and simple linear regression on some religious attributes (as independent variables) and some positive and negative age-specific social manifestations (as dependent variables). The results of the study show that an increased level of religious behaviour could predict a higher chance of positive social behaviour outcomes. Thus, religiosity may be regarded as one possible good influence on children’s development in future adults.
PubDate: Fri, 09 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Midlife in a Changing and Post-Pandemic World. Implications for Career
Education and Older Adult Learning Using On-Line and in Person Solutions
Abstract: The present study addresses processes and tools for adult career guidance in the context of longer lives. The need for people in midlife to prepare for their remaining working lives is more urgent since the global pandemic, making demands on career and adult educators. Older workers and job-seekers, especially those with lower levels of prior education, face difficulties if employers discriminate against them or discount their skills and abilities, especially in low skilled sectors. An Erasmus Plus project’s results are discussed, demonstrating the benefits of online approaches to support employability, highlighting whether older workers could gain from using online and peer supported tools.
PubDate: Fri, 09 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Perceived Self-Efficacy Effect and Demographic Factors in Work-Family
Balance Among Manufacturing Sector Employees
Abstract: Work and family are important domains of life to many individuals with each attracting different roles and expectations. Employees who are able to balance work and family responsibilities have been reported to engage more with their work. However, negative work outcomes may result from conflicts among roles. Therefore, this paper investigated the influence of self-efficacy, gender, job status and length of service on work-life balance among employees in selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Participants consisted of 464 (female = 25.9%) employees that were randomly selected from manufacturing companies in Lagos state, Nigeria. Participants completed the Work-Family Balance Questionnaire and Self-Efficacy Scale. Results of the Two-Way ANOVA analyses revealed a between subject significant main effect of job status, [F(2,455) = 14.35, p<.05, ƞp2 = .059] and self-efficacy, [F(2, 455) = 7.501, p<.05, ƞp2 = .032] on work-family balance. It further showed a between subject significant main effect of gender, [F(1,458) = 14.68, p<.05, ƞp2 = .031] and a significant main effect of length of service, [F(2, 458) = 4.83, p<.05, ƞp2 = .021] on work-family balance. The study concluded that self-efficacy, job status, length of service and gender influenced the capacity to balance work and family roles among employees of manufacturing companies in Nigeria and thus recommended that management should enable employees to utilize their initiative to an acceptable level to enhance their self-efficacy.
PubDate: Fri, 09 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Investigating Hexaco Personality Traits, Perceived Threat and Covid-19
Vaccine Acceptance Among Undergraduates in a Nigerian University
Abstract: The role of personality traits and perceived threat on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among undergraduates is relatively scarce. The study investigated the role of personality traits and perceived threat on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among 374 (age = 18-28 years, M =23.23 years, SD = 2.57 years) undergraduates in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey design was utilized. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information about socio-demographics, HEXACO personality traits, perceived threat and COVID-19 Vaccine acceptance. Results showed a significant influence of personality traits on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Findings also revealed that perceived threat significantly predict COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among undergraduates. Result further showed that there was a significant influence of religion on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (t (372) = −2.13, p = .034, 95% CI (−6.44, −.25), d = 0.22.) These results emphasize the importance of HEXACO personality traits and perceived threat when considering program targeted at COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among undergraduates.
PubDate: Fri, 09 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- Unvaccinated, Just Like Everybody Else. Vaccine Hesitancy in a Romanian
Religious Community
Abstract: Vaccine hesitancy was a widespread phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic. It held back large-scale immunization in countries where vaccines were available and it aggravated the pandemic. The way we understand vaccine hesitancy in postmodern societies emphasizes individual risks, reflexivity, and patients making informed decisions. But how is vaccine hesitancy experienced in traditional communities' We explored answers to this question through ethnographic interviews conducted in the least vaccinated village in Romania. In this Pentecostal community, vaccination decisions were made at the community level, where an informal norm of vaccine refusal was dominant. This norm emerged through two types of interactions – local and mediated interactions – as collective discussions were centred on religious interpretations of Biblical fragments and on information from TV shows and social media about the adverse effects of vaccines. People formed symbolic alliances with influential actors in their community who were unvaccinated, such as the mayor and the pastor, and with citizens from Western European countries who also refused COVID-19 vaccination. Mainstream fears of vaccination were expressed during the interviews, concerning paralysis and death resulting from vaccination and mistrust in official authorities. Vaccination accentuated pre-existing differences in status, demarcating people with a high level of education working at the village hall, who were vaccinated, from those with a lower socio-economic status, who were not vaccinated.
PubDate: Fri, 09 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT
- The “Inhospitable Pandemic”. Local Effects of Covid-19 on Migration
and Intercultural Public Communication
Abstract: During the period of the blockade, the migrant community experienced a condition of increased hardship, made even more critical by the difficulties related to the possibilities of participating in the social, cultural but also working life of the local community, forcing many of them to stop participating in compulsory labor market insertion programs and to take advantage of educational and training supports. This critical situation has made it even more necessary to address these barriers and support the immigrant population in developing media-digital skills to intercept their needs and accelerate their integration into the community more easily. Digital and institutional forms of communication are crucial in defining the growth prospects of individuals, more so when the objective becomes to create pathways of social and cultural inclusion in contexts of crisis. Without this informational and socio-political ‘care’, the pandemic society risks becoming inhospitable in its local and global dimensions.
PubDate: Tue, 15 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Stakeholders’ Involvement and Orphans’ Comfortability with Residential
Placement Options in Nigeria
Abstract: Nigerian orphans face a range of challenges, including finding a suitable place to live, having to choose who to live with and this choice is influenced by various factors. This study determined the proportion of orphans’ resident in orphanages and family settings in selected states in Nigeria. It also assessed stakeholder’s input into placement option decision for orphans. The study examined orphans’ comfortability with residential placement and living with caregivers. The issues related to non-comfortability of orphans with residential placement were also investigated. The study employed the descriptive survey research design. The population for the study comprised all orphans in formal care (orphanages) and informal care (family settings) in Nigeria. A multistage sample procedure was employed. Five states were selected purposively in Nigeria. Indices such as poverty, high rates of insurgencies and HIV/AIDs were used in states’ selection. A sample of 1,475 in orphanages and 2,418 in family settings were selected for the study making a total of 3,893 orphans. Data was from a larger study on Needs and Vulnerability of Orphans in Orphanages and family settings in Nigeria. Questionnaire for Needs and Vulnerability of Orphans in Orphanages and Family settings in Nigeria was used to elicit information from the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using frequency distribution and percentages. The results showed that more orphans live in family settings (2,418) and orphans residing in both orphanages (30.5%) and family settings (44.2%) are staying there based on the decisions of relatives. As perceived by the orphans, (88.5%) in orphanages and (71.1%) in family settings are comfortable where they are living and (77.6%) in orphanages and (72.3%) in the family settings perceived that they are comfortable living with their caregivers. Finally, it was found out that most prominent of the issues related to the residential placement of orphans in the family settings were poor living conditions (49.7%) and access to resources (48.2%), while orphans in orphanages felt challenged with strict caregivers (46.2%) and lack of access to recreational facilities (16.2%). Based on the findings, it was suggested that families within the communities and stakeholders should support family members who are saddled with the responsibility of caring for orphans. It was also recommended that staffing patterns in orphanages should be restructured to enhance caregivers’ capacity to provide children with stable, warm, and consistent relationships.
PubDate: Tue, 15 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- The Overly Sensitive Nature of Aged Family Inmates as a Socio-Cultural
Barrier to Combat Covid-19
Abstract: Human history is full of evidence showing a larger number of human and animal populations got affected by infectious diseases, viruses, and bacteria. Like previous life-threatening pandemics, coronavirus appeared to be a deadly virus in 2019 and declared as pandemic in 2020 by WHO. As per Global Reports, senior citizens have been most vulnerable to the corona virus attacks. This paper explores the experiences of family members dealing with elderly at home in the midst of the Covid-19 outbreak and how they managed them keeping in view their mindset on disease and socio-cultural constraints. For this purpose, qualitative research methods were adopted. 20 participants were selected for the in-depth interviews through purposive sampling. Following themes generated as a result of the data analysis: stubborn and rigid behavior of elderly, emotionally complex reactions, socio-cultural barriers, and traditional approach to the disease. Findings depicted the most common social cultural barriers in dealing with the difficult nature of elderly people are family ties, religious norms, respect, and empathy towards elderly people. Further, research findings highlighted major sentiments of older adults comprise attachment towards their grandchildren, feeling of insecurity, feeling of getting stigmatized, considering themselves as a virus spreader and feeling of being left out. It was found that older adults felt stigmatized, lonely, left out and considered SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures) as imposed remedial steps. Overall, it was found that at older age people express more anxiety and fear towards loneliness. Findings will help in sensitizing policy makers to design awareness sessions, religious and other home-based social activities for elderly people to combat stress related to loneliness in older age.
PubDate: Tue, 15 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Appraisal of Teaching and Supervision Load of Academic Staff in Selected
Universities in Nigeria
Abstract: Nigerian universities have been attributed to lack of funds, inadequate infrastructure, improper teaching aids (laboratories, projectors, libraries, and computers) and irregular or lack, thereof, of salary as evidenced in some states in Nigeria. It is of little wonder then that the work performance of academic staff will spiral down particularly in terms of their teaching and supervision, research and publication and their involvement in community development services. This study, therefore, assessed teaching and supervision load of lecturers in some selected universities in Nigeria. Data were obtained using semi-structured questionnaire from nine universities. Through proportional sampling technique, 25% of the academic staff in each university were selected giving a total of 969 as the sample size. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that teaching and supervision load of the academic staff was quite heavy; hence, concluding that the performance of academic staff in terms of their teaching and supervision in the selected universities is unsatisfactory.
PubDate: Tue, 15 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- The Social Worker and Change: Obstacle or Opportunity'
Abstract: The present article sets out to explore the relationship between the social worker’s identity and the organizational change within the Ministry of Welfare in Israel. The article builds on the observation that successful organizational change requires a good understanding of the impact of change on the identity of the employees. First, the study sets out to clarify the notion of regulation and indicates some current trends in the specialized literature regarding the regulation of social services. Next, an analysis is offered of the regulator’s role in Israel’s Ministry of Welfare, special attention being paid to a number of characteristics and challenges, such as: the regulator’s loneliness, regulatory capacity, and specialization and division (versus inclusion and expertise). A more detailed and nuanced analysis is then offered regarding the identity of the social worker, as a professional in the field of social welfare; specific attention is paid to the professional aspect, the legal-value aspect, and the organizational-institutional aspect. A concluding section brings together some of the key findings and implications of the present study.
PubDate: Tue, 15 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Occupational Stress, Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Wellbeing of
Nurses in Government-Owned Hospitals
Abstract: Research interests in the psychological wellbeing of caregivers has continued to attract heightened attention. Thus, this study presented an examination of the predictive roles of occupational stress and emotional intelligence on psychological wellbeing. Participants, who were 270 nurses that were selected through the proportionate stratified random sampling technique, responded to Scales of Psychological Wellbeing (SPWB), Occupational Stress Inventory (OSI) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS). Results from the multiple regression showed no link between occupational stress psychological wellbeing, but emotional intelligence predicted the psychological wellbeing. Furthermore, the study found that length of service did not significantly predict psychological wellbeing. Lastly, it revealed that occupational stress, emotional intelligence and length of service jointly predicted psychological wellbeing. Training and development opportunities to enhance nurses’ emotional intelligence should be encouraged in Government-owned hospitals to facilitate optimum psychological wellbeing of nurses.
PubDate: Mon, 04 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Prevalence and Comparative Analyses of Mental Health Outcomes Among
Medical and Non-Medical Practitioners During the Third Wave of Covid-19
Pandemic in Nigeria
Abstract: This study assessed the mental health state of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey using the snowballing sampling technique was utilized to select 300 medical and non-medical healthcare practitioners in the study. An online questionnaire consisting of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Insomnia Severity Index was used for data collection. Both the medical and the non-medical practitioners reported minimal to severe symptoms of insomnia, generalized anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. However, a significant difference was found in symptoms of insomnia (χ2=16.98, df = 3, p<.01), such that non-medical practitioners exhibited clinical insomnia symptoms (13.8%) than the medical practitioners (11.5%). Further, a significant difference was found in symptoms of depression (χ2=9.93, df = 4, p<.05), such that medical practitioners exhibited more severe depressive symptoms (07.3%) than the non-medical practitioners (06.4%). A significant number of healthcare workers reported mental health challenges during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic emergence in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare workers should be exposed to appropriate and regular psychosocial interventions to keep them healthy and functioning optimally.
PubDate: Mon, 04 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Evolution of Soft Skills Training Needs in Romania Due to the
Digitalization and Robotization Brought by the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstract: Nowadays, due to the labor market’s digitalization and robotization toppled by the pandemic restrictions and remote work popularity, the soft skills needed for individuals in search for jobs and career success have fallen into a new era of interest for numerous actors playing in society – individuals, organizations, the private sector, governments, universities, training companies, so on and so forth. Therefore, this article aims at taking a closer look in the process of filling the gap between actors and stakeholders in the area of training, by analyzing the way in which employers’ needs for soft skills have changed in the past 4 years (2018-2022). For this purpose, we gathered and analyzed data regarding the training offers of 8 major training companies in Romania, using a “time travel” instrument available online to compare their official Web Pages from today to the ones from 2018-2019, before the pandemic began. We believe our findings represent a solid start which proves that the need for soft skills training has surely evolved on the market since 2018 until today and can represent a milestone argument for other scientists to base their research on, as well as for governmental stakeholders to base their policies on.
PubDate: Mon, 04 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Romanian Migration. The Italy Syndrome and the Other Side of the Coin
Abstract: In Italy, most female immigrant workers, mainly Romanians, are employed in care sectors. This is the reason why many scholars have dealt with the impact of domestic work in Romanians’ lives: looking after our family results, according to them, in depression, anxiety, panic. Our job, on the contrary, aims at demonstrating that working in this sector improves post-soviet women’s social status, rescuing them from a subordinate condition in their native country.
PubDate: Mon, 04 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder: Self-Perception of Physical
Attractiveness Among Secondary School Adolescents
Abstract: This study investigated body characteristics and gender differences that contribute to self-perception of physical attractiveness among adolescents. Quantitative data were collected with a questionnaire administered to 430 adolescents aged 15 to 17 years selected through a multistage sampling technique from secondary schools in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The questionnaire included the Physical Attractiveness Rating Scale (PARS) and the Physical Attribute Questionnaire (PAQ). Independent sample t-test, and Multiple Regression Analyses were used for analyses. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. The mean overall attractiveness rating on the PARS was 1.66 (SD = 0.11), with ears and face rated as the most attractive body parts. The mean attractiveness score on the PAQ was 19.34 (SD = 3.47). Male and female participants differed with self-perception of physical attractiveness on the PARS [t (428) = 3.13 p = .003]; females perceived some body characteristics, namely mouth (t = 3.52; p < .05), teeth (t = 3.04; p < .05), nose (t = 2.40; p < .05), face (t = 1.98; p < .05), hair texture (t = 2.41; p < .05), hips (t = 3.85; p < .05) and thighs (t = 2.47; p < .05) as more attractive than males. Participants’ evaluation of individual body characteristics predicted self-perception of physical attractiveness (F = 2.85, p < .05, R2 = 0.16 and Adjusted R2 = 0.10). Study concluded that evaluation of individual body characteristics influenced self-perceived physical attractiveness. Gender influenced the perception of some specific body characteristics and overall physical attractiveness among studied adolescents.
PubDate: Mon, 04 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
- Determinants of Under-Five Child Mortality in Arab Countries. Are the
Effects Homogeneous Across Birth Order and Among Countries'
Abstract: Under-five-child mortality remains a major challenge for governments in the Arab world to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Thus, further studies are needed to analyze the determinants of child mortality. The Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys (MICS) datasets of six Arab countries (Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Mauritania, Sudan, and Tunisia) have been used, which are consisting of 249.000 children nested within 54.644 mothers. The study was designed in a women-parity-covered one to six birth order. Binary multivariable logistic models were used to estimate the risk ratios of death by adjusting for child sex, birth outcome (twin vs. singleton), mother’s education level, maternal age, previous birth interval, place of residence (rural vs. urban), and the family wealth index. The findings revealed that the under-five child mortality rates were 87, 70,66,35,36, and 21 per 1000 live births in Sudan, Mauritania, Egypt, Iraq, Algeria, and Tunisia, respectively). First-born infants in these six countries have a higher risk of mortality during their five years of life. Second, third-and fourth-born infants were at a decreased risk of death compared to first-born infants in all countries; in contrast, fifth-and-sixth-born infants were at an increased risk in all countries except Sudan and Mauritania. Twin children have a higher risk of death than singletons in all countries and across all birth orders. Children of mothers with higher educational levels living in urban areas are at lower risk of death than their peers across all birth orders. Regarding policy implications, decision-makers can target three main axes: first, enhancing women’s educational levels; second, increasing birth intervals (birth spacing policies); and third, improving living standards and healthcare strategies, especially in rural areas to improve child and mother health.
PubDate: Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT
- The Impact of the Principal Leadership Style on Teacher Job Satisfaction
among Arab Teachers in Israel: A Qualitative Analysis
Abstract: This study examines the impact of the management and leadership style of a school principal on teachers’ satisfaction in the Arab sector in Israel. The article presents central concepts of the research and the influence of each of the leadership and management styles of principals on teachers’ satisfaction within an Arab school in Israel. Teachers’ satisfaction (the dependent variable) refers to various variables related to teachers’ well-being at school, such as organizational commitment and motivation in the workplace, that are also linked to the teacher satisfaction (Arar & Masri-Herzallah, 2016). Accordingly, these variables are presented with reference to their definition, their impact, and the way they are affected by the management and leadership styles. The research is based on the qualitative methodology, in which we conducted observations in these Arab schools in Israel in and around the Arab city of Nazareth. In these observations, we visited the schools and observed how teachers and principals communicate and whether teachers were satisfied from their interaction with the principal.
PubDate: Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT
- Hesitancy Prevalence and Sociocognitive Barriers to Coronavirus
Vaccinations in Nigeria
Abstract: This study examined the prevalence, socioeconomic and cognitive barriers of coronavirus vaccinations in Nigeria. The study used an ex-post facto design. 526-participants were sampled using snowball sampling technique. A questionnaire pack containing socio-demographics and a 13-item adapted scale of SYKES was used. Findings revealed the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy (61.7%). Adolescents (83.8%) recorded more hesitancy than participants in early-adulthood (62.7%), middle-adulthood (53.1%), and late-adulthood (53%). Males (83.8%) showed hesitancy than the females (33.3%). More so, the primary (62.5%) and secondary school certificate holders (41.4%) scored more on hesitancy than tertiary certificate holders (36.0%). The identified perceived barriers to vaccinations are: safety (91%); government distrust (75.5%) and coerciveness (65.7%), vaccines efficacy (62.5%), complacency (65.7%), and constraints to vaccination center (55.5%). Conclusively, vaccination hesitancy was found more among males and younger respondents. Safety and efficacy of the vaccines, government distrust, coercive approach, and complacency were found as major barriers.
PubDate: Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT
- Compensatory Health Beliefs, Locus of Control, Social Support and Quality
of Life in Oil Spills-Prone Environment
Abstract: The role of compensatory health beliefs, locus of control and social support on quality of life in oil-spills prone environment in developing countries, especially Nigeria has not been explicated. This study examined the role of compensatory health beliefs, locus of control and social support on quality of life among 453 (age 21-50 years; M= 36.02; SD = 12.04) residents in Ilaje and Ese-Odo Local Government Area (LGA’s) in Ondo State of Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting participants. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire that measured socio-demographics, compensatory health beliefs, locus of control, social support and quality of life. Results revealed that compensatory health beliefs predict quality of life in the study area. Also, social support contributes to quality of life. We suggest that a comprehensive psychosocial intervention program should be carried out to improve quality of life in oil spill-prone communities.
PubDate: Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT
- Roma People, Where to' Tradition and Change in Roma Communities
Abstract: Roma community in Romania is one of the largest ethnic communities in this country. Romani people integration and reducing disparities between the Roma community and the majority one is a priority for both the Romanian state and the Roma civil society. The integration of the Roma on the labor market is an important step in the integration process. This article proposes qualitative research through the interview method. The research question investigates whether traditional occupations practiced by Roma do not provide Roma access to the labor market today. The general objective of this study aims to identify and analyze qualitatively non-traditional socio-economic practices in the Roma communities in Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca. This objective has been operationalized in several specific objectives related to the identification of traditional economic practices in the occupations of members of the Roma communities in Timisoara and Cluj-Napoca, depending on membership in the subgroup / ethnic group, the identification of non-traditional economic practices in the occupations of members of the Roma communities in Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca, analysis of the role of traditional economic practices in preserving the lifestyle specific to the Roma ethnic group, as essential elements of culture in the communities of Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca. The last two objectives propose the analysis of non-traditional economic practices taken over in the occupations of the members of the Roma communities from Timișoara and Cluj-Napoca following the process of internal and external migration, respectively following the intervention of European funded programs. The participants of this research are 10 Roma people from Cluj-Napoca and 10 Roma people from Timișoara. The research results show that with industrialization, traditional occupations tend to limit their activity and integrated Roma people no longer practice the traditional occupations practiced by their parents or grandparents.
PubDate: Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT
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