 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- ‘Walking the talk’: transposition of religious culture in OWS
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Abstract: Abstract This paper analyzes the participation of Kundalini Yoga teachers in the Occupy Wall Street social movement. While much of the existing literature on the intersection of social movements and religion focuses on how religious culture supports activism, I examine how actors with strong religious commitments attempt to expand the scope of their participation within a predominantly secular social movement. Using the concepts of transposition and creative action, I demonstrate how these yoga teachers adapted their culture through the operations of framing and linking, appropriation, and secularization to enact normative commitments across different settings and audiences. After presenting empirical evidence that supports these assertions, I discuss the implications of my findings for recent debates over how culture shapes action, particularly the intertwining roles of deep culture, consciousness, and creativity.
PubDate: 2023-03-22
- What is Durkheimian' Thoughts on boundaries, paradigms, age and
creativity-
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PubDate: 2023-03-10
- Appropriating the civil sphere: the construction of German collective
identity by right-wing populist actors during the Covid-19 pandemic-
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Abstract: Abstract This paper considers the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on right-wing populists’ constructions of German collective identity. In their “Covid-19 crisis” narratives, German populists attempted to rearrange the discursive and institutional space of the German civil sphere through a symbolic inversion of the heroic signifier and legitimization of violence against perceived enemies. To analyze such discursive dynamics, this paper utilizes multilayered narrative analysis, drawing on the synthesis of civil sphere theory, the anthropological conceptualization of the relationship between mimetic crisis and symbolic substitution of violence and the sociological narrative theory of the sacralization and desacralization of heroism. This analysis structures the investigation of positive and negative symbolic constructions of German collective identity by German right-wing populist narratives. The analysis shows that although German right-wing populists are politically peripheral, their affective, antagonistic and anti-elite narratives contribute to the semantic erosion of the liberal democratic core of the German civil sphere. This in turn reduces the ability of democratic institutions to control violence and leads to the restriction of civil solidarity.
PubDate: 2023-03-04
- From multiculturalism to antisemitism' Revisiting the Jewish question
in America-
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Abstract: Abstract Previous scholarship suggests that American Jews have been the beneficiaries of a multicultural mode of incorporation since the 1960s. If so, what explains the recent resurgence of antisemitism in the United States' Evidence of such a resurgence is adduced in the form of increasing antisemitic incidents and changing patterns of cultural representation. The contemporary resurgence of antisemitism is then traced in part to problems of boundary definition and identity that multiculturalism generates. These problems lead to anxiety within the core group about the continuing viability of its own identity and the national identity, which fosters antisemitic efforts to reestablish hierarchical boundaries that multiculturalism has obscured. The article provides additional support for this thesis by means of a historical comparison to cultural attitudes toward Jews in the Calvinist tradition, particularly among the Puritans. Although the Puritans were not multiculturalists, their identification with Jews gave rise to similar problems of boundary definition and identity, which the Puritans resolved by redefining the boundaries of their community to exclude Jews. The article’s conclusion discusses the implications of this argument for the relation of Jews to the civil sphere in the United States today.
PubDate: 2023-03-04
- Transcendence, fast and slow: Infinite Jest and the dynamics of a cultural
splash-
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Abstract: Abstract This paper builds on two leading models of artistic practice, the “network-building” and “autonomous sphere” approaches, to show how an expressive work can reverse the normal antinomy between artistic recognition and commercial success and become an immediate crossover hit. Focusing on a single “pointy” case from the world of literature—the 1996 novel Infinite Jest, by David Foster Wallace—I ask whether a set of unique social dynamics attends the process of making a “cultural splash.” In the case of Infinite Jest, success came from occupying an intermediate position in the “space between fields” and eliciting a complex, mutually referential response from cultural intermediaries. In this way, the book attracted samplings of recognition and renown, the contrasting reputational ingredients associated with an enduring cultural appeal. Nevertheless, the novel’s declining reputation in recent years suggests that we should differentiate a cultural splash from the better-known dynamics of canonization and classicization. In the paper’s final section, I conceptualize a cultural splash as an effect generated by works that undergo a “fast transcendence” by unmooring themselves temporarily from the limiting effects of being counted as “art” or “pop.”
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Everything’s going according to Plan(demic): a cultural sociological
approach to conspiracy theorizing-
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Abstract: Abstract In this article, I examine the case of a viral film entitled “Plandemic,” its sequel, and the epidemiologist that is its main subject, and develop a cultural sociology of conspiracy theorizing through the concept of “performative conspiracy.” I argue that the Plandemic case represents a cultural performance within the (ongoing) serious social drama of the Covid-19 pandemic. I focus primarily on the “alternative” narrative put forth by the Plandemic case; however, the (Western/US) “mainstream” narrative becomes clear as well. Both call upon the same sets of binary oppositions, chief among them, science vs. blind faith, truth vs. deception, and evidence vs. supposition. Audiences, who are themselves fragmented and differentiated, are exposed to multiple narrative paths. Within the mainstream, they encounter an apocalyptic-turned romantic story, in which science, evidence, and the truth, the sacred trio, will lift humanity out of perilous danger. Plandemic’s alternative narrative begins in a tragic tone and builds apocalyptically into a tale of terror, waged by the very same forces of science, truth, and evidence, to create a “plague of corruption” that will “kill millions.” To conclude, I reflect on the potential implications of the increasing popularity of conspiracy theorizing about Covid-19.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Bushwhacking: accounts as symbolic violence in the arts-based
gentrification of Bushwick, Brooklyn-
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Abstract: Abstract A sizable body of research on arts-based gentrification has documented how artist residences have been strategically deployed by developers to kick-start capital reinvestment and lure so-called “creative class” professionals into formerly disinvested neighborhoods. Yet researchers rarely investigate how actual occupants of such residences perceive their role in neighborhood change. Addressing this gap, this article examines how residents of CastleBraid—a controversial luxury apartment complex designed for artists in Bushwick, Brooklyn—mediate tensions between their espoused preferences and the well-known negative consequences associated with gentrification. Drawing on the cultural sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, I argue that CastleBraid residents meaningfully account for gentrification through the practical logic of a particular group habitus which reinforces a shared identity and validates their presence in Bushwick. Moreover, I argue that these gentrification accounts constitute a form of symbolic violence which obscures underlying patterns of spatial inequality through misrecognition and the denial of gentrifiers’ privilege. Throughout, I argue that a renewed engagement with Bourdieusian theory may facilitate insights into gentrifier meaning-making that transcend the usual stylized typology of gentrifiers.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- Remembering the dreams, forgetting the war: commemoration and narrative in
Japanese girls’ culture-
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Abstract: Abstract In early twentieth-century Japan, girls’ magazines provided their young readers with a site to creatively express themselves, but when these magazines became channels of propaganda in WWII-era Japan, much of that independence was suppressed and the popularity of the magazines faded. Nevertheless, in 2009, a 100-year commemorative issue of one of the most influential magazines, Shōjo no tomo (Girls’ Friend), was published. In this study, we explore what was included, excluded, and marginalized in the commemorative issue and how editorial choices were made. Bringing together research in cultural sociology, memory studies, and Japanese girls’ culture, we investigate how Shōjo no tomo was made to fit with contemporary contexts of gender identity and collective memory of the war. Our data show that themes about creative independence were preserved and elaborated, emphasizing expression and empowerment through writing, while support for war was marginalized and an anti-war interpretation was highlighted. The lead editor of the commemoration reconstructed narratives of shōjo identity and agency to justify these editorial choices and to deemphasize contradictions between feminism and nationalism in Japan. Our study contributes to research on commemorative practices by highlighting how narrative accounts of identity and agency can be transformed through successful commemorations.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- From reductive to generative crisis: businesspeople using polysemous
justifications to make sense of COVID-19-
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Abstract: Abstract Both lay understandings of crisis moments and influential psychological models of cognition in times of uncertainty emphasize how crises limit thinking. Conversely, scholars as diverse as Foucault, Swidler, Bourdieu, and Butler have elaborated generative conceptions of crisis, which specify crises as moments of change, transformation, and heightened cognition. The research presented here takes up the question of how crises become thinkable, as actors gradually make sense of a newly uncertain context. Against a backdrop of polarization on the topic, in-depth interviews with 60 businesspeople navigating the coronavirus pandemic show that they see public health and economic well-being as interrelated. This has important effects on how businesses interpret and implement government directives and public health guidelines, from choosing to close before being mandated to do so, to staying closed even when allowed to reopen. Taken together, these findings substantiate generative models of crisis while drawing attention to the polysemous justifications elaborated by actors as they navigate shifting cultural and social scaffoldings.
PubDate: 2023-03-01
- The return of antisemitism' Waves of societalization and what
conditions them-
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Abstract: Abstract This essay employs societalization theory to explain the disturbing renewal of publicly antisemitic beliefs and actions in contemporary Western societies. These new explosions of anti-Jewish hatred are caused, not by increases in antisemitic feelings, but by the weakening of prohibitions against their public expression. Since Western civil spheres introduced such prohibitions in the early nineteenth century, there have been waves of societalization stigmatizing antisemitism and continuous backlash movements against them. The German backlash culminated with the Holocaust and triggered a powerful societalizing movement that allowed massive Jewish incorporation into Western societies. This post-Holocaust societalizing movement, however, was highly variable, both temporally and spatially, and in recent decades the deleterious effects of such incompleteness have been exacerbated by declining Holocaust memory, new symbolizations of Israel, and shifts in progressive ideologies. Utopian hopes for “never again” have been dashed. Yet, even as antisemitic narratives are once again providing cultural fodder for backlash movements, another wave of societalizing protest is gathering force inside Western civil spheres.
PubDate: 2023-02-28
- The eternally rescued: the Jews and the boundaries of Danish civility
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Abstract: Abstract In this paper, we argue that proximity to primordial(ized) Danish civil values has generally saved the Jews in Denmark from violent antisemitism. Combining Alexander’s (The civil sphere. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006) account of an assimilatory mode of civil incorporation with his concept of “societalization” (Alexander in Am Sociol Rev 83(6):1049–1078, 2018; What makes a social crisis' The societalization of social problems. Wiley, Hobroken, 2019), we discuss how “re-societalizing” antisemitism led to strong enactment of anti-antisemitism and increased Jewish sub-group anxiety in the civil sphere. Anti-antisemitism in Denmark has historically been integrated into cultural codes and historical narratives in the civil sphere. We analyze how the 2015 terror attack in Copenhagen and a public debate about male circumcision caused a wave of reassurance of one of the core values in the Danish civil sphere, namely Jewish safety. Speeches from consecutive prime ministers and an ensuing “action plan against antisemitism” presented by the government in early 2022 demonstrate how contemporary antisemitism becomes integrated into a historical narrative of mutually ensured Danish civility between the majority and the Jewish minority. We conclude that despite its precarious character and the social anxiety provoked by societalization of antisemitism over the last seven years, civil solidarity within an assimilation mode of incorporation has proven to be surprisingly empowering and attractive for the Jewish minority in the Danish case.
PubDate: 2023-02-11
- Book Review of P. Smith’s Durkheim and After
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PubDate: 2023-02-10
- The American Journal of Cultural Sociology, Volume 10 (2022)
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PubDate: 2023-02-08
- Correction: The Winding Path, Smith, P. (2020) Durkheim and After: The
Durkheimian Tradition, 1893–2020. Cambridge: Polity-
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PubDate: 2023-01-21
- Intimate strangers: theorizing bodily knowledge in shared housing
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Abstract: Abstract What does it mean to know and relate to others in a domestic context characterized by physical, but not necessarily emotional, proximity' This article investigates the role of the body in converting strangers into intimate others within the setting of shared housing. Addressing phenomenological work on situated bodies as sites of perception in dialogue with sociological theories of embodiment and attunement, the article explores tacit everyday knowledge and its implications for the (subjective) construction of intimacy. Combining multisited observations and interviews, the study explores the intimate significance of privileged forms of knowing (of) others—lived on and by the body—and how these, at times, become habits of also caring for others. Although living under the same roof is not enough for there to be intimacy, the present study shows that shared housing evokes transgression of personal borders that pushes the limits between intimate and distant others in ways that expand our notion of what it means to know someone.
PubDate: 2023-01-18
DOI: 10.1057/s41290-022-00183-0
- The Performance and Reception of Race-Based Athletic Activism: Toward a
Critical, Dramaturgical Theory of Sport-
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Abstract: Abstract The emergence of an unprecedented wave of race-based athletic activism in the last decade presents the opportunity to formulate a more critical, cultural theory of the significance and socio-political function of sport in contemporary life. We begin by centering athlete agency and highlighting the distinctive performative, communicative, and symbolic opportunities that sport affords. However, athletic activism and social messaging are also structured—and their impacts shaped—by a range of contextual factors and institutional forces as well as sport’s own unique cultural status and ideological claims. We catalog these constraints to capture the larger cultural field of sport as a site of racial commentary and contestation. Situating this multifaceted field of protest and response in its larger social, cultural, and media contexts leads us to argue that sport presents a vehicle not only for the performance of protest (as existing theory might have it), but for the representation and dramatization of social contestation, struggle, and change more generally. The lessons and broader implications of this synthesis are discussed in the conclusion.
PubDate: 2022-11-28
DOI: 10.1057/s41290-022-00173-2
- Agon and Apron: hybridizing gender by “sportifying”
cooking in MasterChef USA-
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Abstract: Abstract Competition is fundamental to American life, and sport is the cultural institution most closely linked to organized competition in the U.S. Historically, sport has been a male preserve. At the same time, the structures, practices, and iconography of sports have infiltrated a variety of social fields and institutions less obviously dominated by men—a process known as “sportification.” Reality programing is one such field. In this paper, we analyze forty episodes spanning nine seasons of the reality show MasterChef USA to explore the gendered implications of the sportification of cooking. MasterChef USA harnesses competition, metaphorized as sport, to transform (feminine) cooks into (masculine) chefs. In the language of Greek mythology, the heroism of the agon meets the mundanity of the apron. The show not only effectively “softens” sport and “hardens” cooking, it also hybridizes traditional gender difference itself as the cook-chef distinction animates and destabilizes boundaries between home and work, amateurs and professionals, the ordinary and the elevated. However, the hybridization of gender has limits and is not equally balanced between masculine and feminine poles—and the imbalance is where gender inequality resides.
PubDate: 2022-11-17
DOI: 10.1057/s41290-022-00165-2
- Whose voice matters' The gaming sphere and the Blitzchung controversy
in eSports-
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Abstract: Abstract With eSports and video games rapidly gaining popularity, we are witnessing a rise of semi-autonomous gaming communities. I propose using Alexander’s civil sphere theory and my concept of the gaming sphere to understand the dynamics of the meaning-making processes herein. I ask: why did the Blitzchung controversy spark such outrage' I explore the hidden meanings behind the controversy where the professional Hearthstone eSports player Ng Wai Chung was punished for expressing his opinion during post-game interview by calling to “Liberate Hong Kong,” losing $4000—all happening in the ostensibly apolitical gaming sphere. I first build the gaming sphere from the civil sphere, establishing the constitutive and communicative institutions of gaming as well as identifying the sacred and profane binary oppositions within the gaming sphere. Second, I provide a thick description and interpretation of the Blitzchung controversy using my concept of the gaming sphere. Lastly, I conclude that despite winning fairly, Blitzchung’s punishment for being “political” was not removed entirely. However, as the civil sphere was invited into the gaming sphere, the controversy shifted toward Hong Kong protests. The gaming sphere was partially restored as apolitical, even supporting a noble cause, but the Blitzchung controversy never achieved full societalization.
PubDate: 2022-11-01
DOI: 10.1057/s41290-022-00174-1
- Militarizing politics of recognition through the Invictus Games:
post-heroic exalting of the armed forces-
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Abstract: Abstract The Invictus Games is an international sporting competition involving military veterans who have become either wounded, injured or sick during their service. Having become a prominent event in the public sphere of participating nations that are drawn from Western security alliances, this article outlines results from a thematic analysis of Australian media surrounding the 2018 Sydney Games. While reporting of the Games included the use of cultural frames that reflect traditional symbolic relationships between sport and war, the data reveal new military–civilian discourses drawn from identity politics and focused on cultural recognition. These discourses emerge through the Invictus Games by (1) disability providing a cultural basis to demand greater respect for contemporary veterans and military service; and (2) empowerment narratives of rehabilitation being symbolically connected to participants’ reengagement with their former military identity. Institutional problems central to rising political activism amongst contemporary veterans did not feature in the media coverage. It is argued that the Invictus Games illustrates the need for sociology to conceive of militarization in more multidimensional ways, appreciating both the prominence of a civilian–military gap in contemporary culture and how various social actors in Defense utilize post-heroic narratives in seeking to redress this cultural divide.
PubDate: 2022-11-01
DOI: 10.1057/s41290-022-00172-3
- The cultural sociology of sport: a study of sports for sociology'
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PubDate: 2022-10-17
DOI: 10.1057/s41290-022-00177-y
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