 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- “Paired competition”: A new mechanism for the innovation of
urban grassroots governance-
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Authors: Xiaochun Huang, Li-An Zhou
Pages: 3 - 45
Abstract: Chinese Journal of Sociology, Volume 9, Issue 1, Page 3-45, January 2023.
In recent years, the focus of urban grassroots governance in China has experienced a fundamental change in direction from economic growth to public service and social management. Economic growth can be easily quantified, while public service and social management cannot, thus performance evaluation is largely dependent on “impression-based results”. Under such circumstances, a new mechanism of “paired competition” has been put in place to pair superior vertical lines of authority (tiao) with subordinate horizontal levels of grassroots governments (kuai) on a voluntary basis. Pairs compete with other pairs in areas of public services and social management. Paired competition can facilitate close cooperation between the tiao side and the kuai side, promote innovation, and generate quick “impression-based results”. However, the mechanism also generates negative incentives, which lead to excessive innovation and the reluctance to adopt good practices on the part of rival pairings. The case study detailed here is that of a “community analysis tool” promoted by the civil affairs bureau of “district A” in a major Chinese city. In addition to examining the organizational and operational logic of “paired competition”, this study also compared “paired competition” with the traditional methods of the “promotion tournament competition” and “special-purpose project system”.
Citation: Chinese Journal of Sociology
PubDate: 2023-01-30T06:41:06Z
DOI: 10.1177/2057150X221146644
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 1 (2023)
- Spatial concentration and the social distance of migrants: Evidence from
Shanghai-
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Authors: Donglin Zeng, Xiaogang Wu, Wei Chen
Pages: 72 - 94
Abstract: Chinese Journal of Sociology, Volume 9, Issue 1, Page 72-94, January 2023.
This paper examines whether the spatial concentration of migrants from the same province of origin (native-place in-group members) is associated with a greater degree of social distance from the native residents in Shanghai. Applying spatial clustering analysis to government population registration data, we first define spatial concentration as a high representation of native-place in-group members in a series of adjacent neighborhoods. Combining individual information with household survey data from the Shanghai Urban Neighborhood Survey, we link respondents with population registration data using information on the geographic location of each respondent and distinguish migrants living in spatially clustered communities from their counterparts living elsewhere. This study has two main findings. First, the spatial concentration of in-group members reinforces group identity. Second, migrants living in in-group-clustered communities tend to have a larger social distance from the native residents. We argue that this increased social distance can be explained by the residential segregation created by the spatial concentration of in-group members. We further classify in-group-concentrated communities into segregated and non-segregated communities. Compared with migrants living in non-segregated communities, only those living in segregated communities have a larger social distance from native residents. This finding is only applied to the sample of urban communities. We suspect that the spatial concentration of in-group members leads to greater preservation of the social norms and culture of migrants.
Citation: Chinese Journal of Sociology
PubDate: 2023-01-30T06:42:05Z
DOI: 10.1177/2057150X231152375
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 1 (2023)
- Power space and governance performance: An analysis based on the Shanghai
Urban Neighborhood Survey-
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Authors: Zhiming Sheng, Qing Zhou
Pages: 95 - 126
Abstract: Chinese Journal of Sociology, Volume 9, Issue 1, Page 95-126, January 2023.
Why do communities in different spatial areas display different types of governance performance' Applying the perspective of spatial theory, this paper proposes an analytical concept of “power space”. The concept refers to the distance between a community and the municipal administrative power center. Based on data drawn from the Shanghai Urban Neighborhood Survey, this study examines the variation in governance performance across communities located in different areas of the spatial structure of city power, and analyzes the causes and mechanisms underlying these differences. The study suggests that the spatial distance between the community and the center of governance power is not merely physical and geographical in nature but also social and political. We find that the distance to the center of power has a significant effect on the types of community governance performance that are easily observable, but little effect on those that are less perceptible. This reveals that power space exerts a strong effect on phenomena that can be easily recognized by higher-level officials, but not on phenomena that are less visible but nevertheless appreciated by the residents. Such a pattern can be explained by the current governance performance assessment system and incentive mechanism. Power space exerts an influence through the mechanisms of public resource allocation and governance performance benchmarks, which are equally applicable to other areas of social governance. In sum, this study contributes to the understanding of the underlying logic of grassroots social governance in contemporary China.
Citation: Chinese Journal of Sociology
PubDate: 2023-02-02T04:04:31Z
DOI: 10.1177/2057150X221150141
Issue No: Vol. 9, No. 1 (2023)
- The power of co-optation: The party, political capital and the development
of grassroots non-governmental organizations-
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Authors: Shuoyan Li
First page: 46
Abstract: Chinese Journal of Sociology, Ahead of Print.
In recent years, a growing number of publications has focused on the state–non-governmental organization relationship in China. However, most of these studies regard the state as “the government” and neglect the role of the Communist Party of China, a key player, in shaping the state–non-governmental organization relationship, as well as the difference between the government and the Communist Party of China. As the ruling party, the Communist Party of China exercises a tremendous influence over people's daily life. Current studies indicate that the government tends to use a strategy of categorization to control non-governmental organizations. What remains unclear, however, is whether the Party has a different impact on non-governmental organizations compared to the government and how it influences the relationship between the government and these organizations. This paper examines the emerging role of the Party since the policy implementation of “Strengthening the Party Organization in NGOs” in 2015, which requires all non-governmental organizations to establish Communist Party of China branch units. Two grassroots environmental non-governmental organizations were selected for the comparative case study of this paper, to examine the different mechanisms whereby the Party impacts such organizations. The findings indicate that only the Party is able to co-opt the leaders of non-governmental organizations and give them political credentials and capital that help to expand these organizations’ social networks and create a hospitable regulative environment for growth. The findings suggest that a close tie with the state does not necessarily mean a loss of autonomy. This study is by no means a comprehensive discussion of the impact of the Party on non-governmental organizations, and further research is needed to study the actual impact of this relationship on public governance.
Citation: Chinese Journal of Sociology
PubDate: 2023-01-27T10:42:51Z
DOI: 10.1177/2057150X221150584
- Equity versus efficiency: A spatial analysis of residential aged care
resources in Beijing-
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Authors: Xiangyang Bi, Mo Li
First page: 127
Abstract: Chinese Journal of Sociology, Ahead of Print.
Based on data collected from residential aged care facility websites and the Sixth China National Population Census, this paper studies the spatial pattern of Beijing's aged care resources in the framework of spatial location of public facilities. The results show that at the township/street level, the overall distribution of public aged care resources is relatively balanced, showing positive spatial autocorrelation, while private aged care resources show partially negative spatial autocorrelation. Spatial regression analysis indicates that the dispersed and clustered distribution of private aged care resources are more sensitive to the density of local elderly population, although the distribution of two types of resources is affected by the absolute number of service objects in respective administrative areas. In short, the spatial distribution pattern of public and private aged care resources reflects the contrast between efficiency and equity in providing aging care in China, a fact that is shaped by both administrative and market forces.
Citation: Chinese Journal of Sociology
PubDate: 2023-01-12T06:03:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/2057150X221146646
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