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Social Currents
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.968
Citation Impact (citeScore): 2
Number of Followers: 3  
 
  Full-text available via subscription Subscription journal
ISSN (Print) 2329-4965 - ISSN (Online) 2329-4973
Published by Sage Publications Homepage  [1176 journals]
  • Accounting for Cisnormativity: Understanding Transgender and Non-Binary
           

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      Authors: Nik M. Lampe
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      Using in-depth interviews with transgender and non-binary (TGNB) young adults in the Southeastern US, I examine TGNB young people’s healthcare experiences and strategies for resisting and reducing inequality in healthcare settings. My analysis draws on sociological conceptualizations of accountability structures in TGNB healthcare and specifically the conceptualization of cisnormative accountability. In this article, I demonstrate how TGNB patients are held accountable to the institutional and interpersonal maintenance of (a) cisnormativity and (b) the medical model of transgender identity in US healthcare systems. Such instances of cisnormative accountability, regardless of cisgender people’s intentions, contribute to the reproduction of gender inequality among TGNB communities. Further, I explain how TGNB young patients engage in strategies to resist and reduce inequality in healthcare through (a) avoidance of health services and (b) selective disclosure of TGNB identities. I draw out implications for understanding TGNB young people’s strategies to minimize inequality in healthcare, and the consequences cisnormative accountability has for the reproduction of gender inequality.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-06-01T12:11:45Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231179432
       
  • Revisiting Health Disparities Linked to “Some College”: Incorporating
           Gender and High School Experiences

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      Authors: Matthew A. Andersson, Renae Wilkinson, Vida Maralani
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      In the United States, “some college” is attained more frequently than a 4-year college degree. However, attainments below 4-year college vary considerably in terms of credentials and years of higher education, and gender differences in health disparities remain overlooked. Additionally, high school experiences may confound any estimated health gains. We draw on national longitudinal data (Add Health; Waves IV and V) to estimate associations between subbaccalaureate education and general health during young adulthood and again at early midlife. Relative to attaining no education past high school, women’s greater self-rated health with all levels of postsecondary attainment is robust to high school experiences, with the exception of vocational/technical training without a degree, in young adulthood and in early midlife. Greater health gains are linked to associate degrees compared to some college without a degree. For men, health benefits are found only among 4-year degree holders. For both genders, depressive symptom buffering linked to subbaccalaureate education is inconsistent and sometimes not robust to high school experiences. Overall, these findings offer a compelling case for recasting college health gains in terms of distinct postsecondary endpoints by gender.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-05-15T11:11:06Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231175822
       
  • Gender Egalitarianism and Attitudes Toward Parental Leave

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      Authors: Gayle Kaufman, Richard J. Petts, Trenton D. Mize, Taryn Wield
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      This paper examines the relationship between gender ideology and attitudes toward parental leave. We use data from two original survey experiments with a total analytic sample of 3332 respondents. Using an experimental design where participants evaluate a new parent’s decision about taking parental leave in light of the employer’s leave policies, and answer attitudinal questions about leave and gender ideology, we assess the associations between gender ideology and (a) desired weeks of parental leave for mothers and fathers, as well as (b) perceptions of whether the new parent described in the experiment took too little or too much leave. We find that participants think fathers should receive 10.5 weeks of paid paternity leave, whereas mothers should receive 16 weeks of paid maternity leave. In general, those with egalitarian gender ideals support longer paternity leave and more equal periods of leave for mothers and fathers—and are more likely to think that men workers take too little leave. However, those who support mothers as financial providers are more likely to think that women workers take too much leave, demonstrating the complexities between dimensions of gender ideology, the gender of the parent taking leave, and views of parental leave.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-05-13T07:43:21Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231175824
       
  • Racialized Emotions When Thinking about Slavery: Associations Between
           Group Identification and Feelings of Threat, Shame, and Guilt Among White
           Americans

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      Authors: Ashley V. Reichelmann
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      This paper highlights the relationship between group identification and racialized emotions among white Americans when asked to think about slavery on U.S. soil. Previous scholarship focuses on the consequences of such emotions or stimuli that increase them; however, there is limited work focusing on threat as a racialized emotion, or more broadly who is likely to experience heightened emotions when asked to think about historical racial violence that implicates their group. Using Group Position Theory and Identity Theory, I elevate work on racial threat as an emotion, and demonstrate how it is linked to white Americans’ group identification with their racial, national, and class identities. Then I compare this relationship to other commonly studied emotions—guilt and shame—to demonstrate threat’s unique relationship with these identities. Using survey data collected from a Survey Sampling International panel (n = 869), I find that feelings of threat are maximized among white Americans who strongly identify with their racial and national identities. In contrast, guilt is heightened among whites who strongly identify with their racial identity, but weakly identify with their national identity, while shame has no significant relationship with these identities. Feelings of threat are also more likely in respondents who self-identify as members of the lower or working class (in comparison to the middle class). The results highlight one way that threat is a distinct emotional experience for white Americans when compared to other emotions. I conclude by discussing how understanding emotions as an outcome of white Americans’ self-perceptions of their identities as group members stands to advance the study of intergroup relations and racism in the United States.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-04-26T08:16:58Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231168781
       
  • Social Spending, Poverty, and Immigration: A Systematic Analysis of
           Welfare State Effectiveness and Nativity in 24 Upper- and Middle-Income
           Democracies

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      Authors: Amie Bostic, Allen Hyde
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      Previous research has highlighted the disadvantaged position immigrants often face in the economy, particularly when it comes to labor market outcomes such as employment or earnings. Extending this literature, the present study evaluates the economic exclusion of immigrants, conceptualized not as labor market outcomes but as relative poverty. This study examines the relationship between welfare generosity and immigrant poverty across rich western democracies and compares this relationship with that of native poverty. One publicly held belief is that immigrants disproportionately benefit from welfare generosity, while the literature on welfare chauvinism suggests greater social spending may not necessarily benefit immigrants. Furthermore, the effects may vary by spending and immigrant type. This study uses the Luxembourg Income Study to consider differences in the effects of welfare generosity on the odds an immigrant or native household is poor, how this effect varies by the type of spending, and how the effect changes depending on factors such as region of origin or citizenship status. Using four waves of data circa 2004 to 2014 across 24 upper- and middle-income democracies, the results show some support for welfare chauvinism and advantages to being an intra-EU immigrant and citizen immigrant.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-04-21T05:14:52Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231169253
       
  • How Media, Information Sources, and Trust Shape Climate Change Denial or
           Doubt

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      Authors: Dilshani Sarathchandra, Kristin Haltinner
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      Climate change skepticism presents an opportunity to examine the role of media, information, and trust on views about controversial scientific topics. Building on extant work on predictors of skepticism and the role of information and trust in shaping skeptical attitudes, in this paper, we examine the relationship between climate change skeptics’ access of media/information sources, trust, and the strength of their skepticism. Specifically, we use data gathered from 1,000 surveys with skeptics in the U.S. Pacific Northwest to present an analysis of how trust in institutions and institutional leaders affect the relationship between skeptics’ information sources and their type/strength of skepticism along a “continuum” of skeptical thought. Results reveal that the reliance on conservative/rightwing media and trust in actors steeped within the climate change denial countermovement is associated with a higher degree of denial of anthropogenic climate change as opposed to doubt of the phenomenon. Further, skeptics’ reliance on non-scientific sources for climate change information is partly explained by their distrust in climate scientists.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-04-15T06:14:36Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231168785
       
  • Women Walking the Corporate Tightrope: Depictions of Men and Women’s
           Work Relationships in Success-at-Work Books

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      Authors: Gretchen R. Webber, Patti Giuffre
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      Women’s empowerment and “success at work” self-help workshops, webinars, and advice books proliferate in our neoliberal economy. These initiatives purport to help women navigate workplaces and overcome their limitations to be more successful at work. Through a qualitative content analysis of 15 advice books published from 2013 to 2020, this article analyzes how women’s and men’s work relationships are depicted in popular press career advice books that are marketed for women. We identify three main themes. First, men are described as baffled by women’s “strange ways,” so women are warned to be aware of men’s uneasiness and tread carefully in their work relationships. Second, men are depicted as enemies, yet women are told to rely on powerful men to achieve success. Third, women are instructed to ignore and downplay sexism in their workplace interactions. We conceptualize the work that women are expected to do as “tightrope labor,” in which women must carefully navigate contradictory gender expectations. Women are expected to walk a tightrope with (1) handling men’s discomfort with women; (2) identifying “menemies” and mentors; and (3) managing sexism. We argue that relationship depictions in career advice fault women for career failures, burden them with extra labor, and bolster neoliberal feminist rhetoric.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-03-15T07:51:48Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231161782
       
  • What Color is a Golden Boy' The Glorification and Disparagement of Male
           Superstar Athletes in Sports Illustrated

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      Authors: Joshua Woods, Matthew Hartwell
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      This study examined media representations of male superstar athletes over more than three decades. Some journalists portrayed their subjects as smart, physically attractive young men at the top of their games. Other writers emphasized their flaws and told stories of tarnished heroes. Based on an analysis of 140 references to sports stars in Sports Illustrated magazine articles, the results showed that favorable and unfavorable framing of athletes depended on their race/ethnicity, the dominance of their sport, and the historical context in which they played. Compared to white sports stars, racial minority athletes were more often portrayed with unfavorable frames, such as unintelligent, immoral, or lacking charm. Athletes from lesser-known sports were also more likely to be described with unfavorable frames than athletes from the four most dominant sports in the US (football, basketball, baseball, and hockey). Both favorable and unfavorable frames were more common in articles published in the most recent period (2013–2021) than in earlier decades (1987–2012), signaling an increasing interest among journalists in the personal qualities of sports stars. The study provides new empirical and theoretical insight on the relationships between three social antecedents—racism, hegemonic sport culture, and technological change—and the framing of superstar athletes.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-03-03T04:54:41Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231159312
       
  • “I Went There”: How Parent Experience Shapes School Decisions

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      Authors: Anna Rhodes, Julia Szabo, Siri Warkentien
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      As school choice expands, families face an increasingly arduous decision-making process around school enrollment. Through interviews with a socioeconomically and ethno-racially diverse sample of 60 parents in Dallas, Texas, we illustrate one key way families negotiate this choice landscape. We find that many parents use their own educational experiences as first-stage decision rules for narrowing the types of schools they consider for their children through experience-motivated replication and experience-motivated avoidance. Parents with positive schooling experiences sought to replicate the type of school they attended for their children, while parents with negative schooling experiences aimed to avoid the type of school they attended. While experience-motivated replication was used by parents across race and class positions, it was most common among White parents who often entrenched patterns of white flight through replication of private or suburban school enrollment. In contrast, experience-motivated avoidance was used by Black parents in our sample as a strategy to disrupt educational inequality for their children by eliminating traditional public schools, where parents reported feeling underserved as children, from their choice sets. Our study adds to our understanding of how families negotiate the increasingly complex school choice landscape, and mechanisms for the persistence of intergenerational educational inequality.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-03-01T08:22:11Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231159306
       
  • Understanding Social Disorganization and the Nonprofit Infrastructure; An
           Ecological Study of Child Maltreatment Rates

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      Authors: Duncan J. Mayer
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      Advocates and researchers have emphasized the role of disorder in neighborhood processes, with serious consequences for families, however, neighborhood structures may also support families and reduce child maltreatment. Nonprofits maintain a range of strategies to support nearby families, including direct services, facilitation of social networks, and formalizing advocacy for increased attention from government. Using agency data on child maltreatment, nonprofit locations, and indicators of social disorganization, this article studies the role of nonprofit organizations in the spatial distribution of child maltreatment among Cuyahoga County Ohio census tracts (N = 442). Accounting for spatially structured and tract-specific variation with a hierarchical Poisson model implemented through a Bayesian methodology, the results indicate the presence of nonprofits is a protective factor: negatively associated with child maltreatment (posterior mean: −0.18, CI: −0.34, −0.03), with heterogeneity by type. The study highlights neighborhoods as a propitious site of intervention and emphasizes the intra-county distribution of nonprofits.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-02-27T04:07:21Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231159317
       
  • Under Pressure: Social Capital and Trust in Government After Natural
           Disasters

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      Authors: A. Alexander Priest
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      In response to the increasing threats posed by natural hazards, both disaster managers and researchers have recognized social networks and trust between communities and government as fundamental building blocks for resilience. However, these efforts often overlook the fact that the same network ties to family and friends that can help households weather a storm may also extend households’ exposure through collective trauma, reshaping their trust in and perceptions of government. Utilizing two restricted-access data sets gathered in Houston, Texas, following Hurricane Harvey, this study investigates the frequency with which households experienced a direct and/or close-tie impact and how such impacts affect households’ trust in local, state, and federal government. Results indicate that households experience close-tie impacts pervasively and that experiencing a close-tie impact is significantly correlated with lower trust in government at all levels, net of experiencing a direct impact and other statistical controls. Implications for a more nuanced approach to social capital and trust in disaster mitigation and research are discussed.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2023-01-20T05:06:18Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965231153066
       
  • Erratum to Islamophobic Discourse of European Right-Wing Parties: A
           Narrative Policy Analysis

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      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.

      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2022-12-23T11:45:09Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965221147890
       
  • “You Are Responsible for Your Own Safety”: An Intersectional Analysis
           of Mask-Wearing During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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      Authors: Vasundhara Kaul, Zachary D. Palmer
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      The response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the US has been heavily criticized for its reliance on people’s voluntary uptake of health protective behaviors like mask-wearing. Such voluntary approaches to public health crises assume individuals are altruistic and will put the good of the community before themselves. However, social groups operate in distinct ways and have different motivations. Since ideas of individualism in the US are both gendered and racialized, we adopt an intersectional approach to examine how both race and gender interact to shape mask-wearing behaviors. Using a survey of 1,269 adults in the US, we find that white women are less likely to wear a mask than Latinas and Black women but observe no differences amongst men. Our data suggest that these differences arise because white women are more likely to approach mask-wearing as a personal choice, whereas Latinas and Black women are more likely to take a collectivist approach and view mask-wearing as a social responsibility. We highlight the importance of adopting an intersectional approach to understand true variability in health protective behaviors. We also draw attention to the importance of developing community-specific public health messaging that resonates with its members’ norms and experiences.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2022-12-15T07:50:39Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965221145904
       
  • Voices in and Uses of Internal Conversations

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      Authors: David Schweingruber, David W. Wahl, Steven Beeman, Deborah Burns, George Weston, Rebecca Haroldson
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      Although sociologists have a long history of making claims about people’s internal conversations, these claims are based on little or no evidence. We present results from the first sociological analysis of a large number of self-reported internal conversations, focusing on two interconnected properties of internal conversations: their uses and what internalized others appear and speak in them. We developed taxonomies for categorizing internal conversations based on these properties. The majority of internal conversations in our collection were used to prepare for action, such as with rehearsals, self-direction, and to-do lists. Internalized others appeared in over two-thirds of internal conversations but spoke in fewer than a fifth of them. Internalized others were most likely to speak in rehearsals and other internal interactions, which involve mentally running through an interaction with one or more other people.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2022-12-09T02:13:02Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965221139847
       
  • Opting out of Marriage' Factors Predicting Non-Marriage by Midlife across
           Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

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      Authors: Xing Zhang, Sharon Sassler
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      Over the last few decades, a growing proportion of Americans have never married. Factors contributing to adolescent expectations for marriage and the likelihood of non-marriage by midlife, however, remain understudied. We explore attitudinal and economic factors associated with non-marriage among a sample of White, Black, and Hispanic men and women in their early 30s through early 40s. Data are from Waves I, II, IV, and V of Add Health (n = 7,297). We use logistic regression analysis to assess how adolescent expectations to remain unmarried in adolescence and economic factors in adulthood are associated with never marrying among respondents approaching their fourth decade of life. Negative adolescent expectations regarding marriage are highly predictive of non-marriage in later life, particularly among White adults. Economic factors, such as educational attainment, educational mobility, earnings, and job instability, are more predictive of non-marriage for Black adults, and for men. Our findings suggest how ideational and structural factors challenge the institution of marriage at different times in the life course. Adolescent expectations for marriage are important predictors of subsequent union formation, but economic factors continue to differentiate union outcomes among older adults.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2022-11-30T02:26:13Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965221142769
       
  • “Communist Controlled Black Barbarism”: The Citizen’s Councils of
           America’s Anti-Communist Master Frame Cluster and the Renovation of
           White Supremacist Ideology

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      Authors: Devon A. Wright
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      Using insights from a content coding analysis of discourse from the most influential White supremacist segregationist organization of the early Cold War decades, Citizen’s Councils of America (CCA or Council), I argue that social movement organizations use a master frame cluster, a package of closely related, overlapping frames with a core master frame to adapt and update pre-existing, older ideology to contemporaneous sociopolitical currents and thereby mainstream, modernize, and streamline propaganda messaging. From its media outlets and White supremacist ideology, the Council deployed what I call its Anti-Communist Master Frame Cluster, proclaiming that unrestrained Black savagery and misguided White sympathy, including liberals, leftists, and socialists, all followed a downward slope toward communist tyranny or what the Council called, “Communist controlled Black barbarism.” Twenty-first century conservative rightwing media has inherited the CCA’s master frame cluster to discredit Black Lives Matter protests, still using anti-communist messaging, but with a “Black-on-Black” crime narrative as the main propaganda weapon against Black protest.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2022-11-23T10:34:09Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965221139850
       
  • Islamophobic Discourse of European Right-Wing Parties: A Narrative Policy
           Analysis

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      Authors: Lacin Idil Oztig, Turkan Ayda Ersan
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      In Europe, in tandem with growing social anxiety regarding the so-called threat of Islamization, right-wing, populist parties have increasingly positioned themselves against Muslims and Islam to the point of becoming anti-Islam parties. This paper deconstructs Islamophobic discourses of the Freedom Party of Austria, the League, and the Alternative for Germany through narrative policy analysis and shows that they are built upon a similar narrative of a villain, victim, and hero. Muslims are depicted as villains that pose a threat to Europe, while national and European cultures are presented as victims, threatened by Islamic practices which are cast as irrational, dominant, and violence-prone. The depiction of Muslims as villains and European culture and society as victims gives these parties an opportunity to create a “hero” character for themselves. By presenting proposals, such as bans on Islamic practices, these parties narratively construct themselves as heroes determined to save their countries and European culture. Disregarding the heterogeneity of Muslims and Islamic traditions as well as the contribution of Muslim scientists and philosophers, these parties depict a simplistic picture of the world in which they appropriate for themselves the role of protector. Character construction in Islamophobic discourses raises important questions about multiculturalism, tolerance, and religious freedom in Europe.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2022-11-19T09:13:10Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965221139852
       
  • Resettlement Divorce: The Hidden Costs of Family Separation During Refugee
           Resettlement

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      Authors: Kamryn Warren
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      Refugee resettlement is a solution to provide safety and security to individuals left vulnerable from displacement. However, some refugees who intermarry with non-refugees are barred from resettling with their intact family unit. This article utilizes an in-depth ethnographic analysis of the everyday life of refugees in mixed nationality marriages living in Nepal to argue that the right to family unity is denied to some refugees. Refugees in mixed-nationality marriages must choose between divorcing a loving and stable partner to resettle in a third country and remaining encamped in Nepal, where opportunities for safety, security, and advancement are severely limited. This analysis indicates that “resettlement divorces” became a way that mixed-marriage refugee couples managed to navigate the offer of resettlement for Bhutanese refugees in Nepal and the ways that resettlement structured their everyday lives. Implications exist for interrogating which families are granted the right to “unity,” patterns of refugee resettlement, and the resettlement outcomes of single refugee mothers.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2022-11-19T01:35:37Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965221139851
       
  • Barriers to Access: The Unencumbered Client in Private Food Assistance

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      Authors: Alana Haynes Stein
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      The private food assistance network has expanded amidst a receding welfare state, signaling the privatization of food assistance and other social services. Simultaneously, the cultural association of poverty with morality characterizes some individuals as more “deserving” of assistance than others. As people seek social services, they must navigate programs embedded with these ideas of deservingness. I use data from 21 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with food bank clients and over 225 hours of participant observation at a California food bank and its partner agencies to examine how clients experience barriers to accessing private food assistance. I find that nonprofit program structures are designed to serve an unencumbered client, yet even populations characterized as “deserving” do not meet the characteristics of the unencumbered client. This nearly unattainable status of unencumbered client contributes to inequity emerging from the structural level that manifests as individuals try to access and use private food assistance. These structural barriers manifest in four ways at the food bank: material resources, nonprofit infrastructure and coordination, communication channels, and policing. Based on these findings, organizational practices of nonprofits are of key importance when considering the reproduction of inequality in society.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2022-10-01T11:32:14Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965221129572
       
  • College Students and “Interracial” Relationships: How Our
           Measures Matter

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      Authors: Kathryn Harker Tillman, Ladanya Ramirez Surmeier, Byron Miller
      Abstract: Social Currents, Ahead of Print.
      We use data from a random sample of students collected at two large public universities, one in the Midwestern region and one in the Southeastern region of the U.S., to document the prevalence of self-reported “interracial” romantic relationships (SR-IRRs) and the extent to which self-identifications differ from researcher-defined categorizations that label as “interracial/interethnic” all partnerships that cross racial or Latino/Hispanic ethnic boundaries (RD-IRRs). Our findings show that a substantial percentage of students in relationships that cross racial/ethnic lines do not identify them as “interracial.” As a result, measures of SR-IRR and RD-IRR produce very different prevalence figures for cross-group relationships (SR-IRR = 18% of respondents; RDIRR = 24%). The disjuncture between self-reports and researcher-defined categorizations is particularly pronounced for Hispanics and, to a lesser degree, non-Hispanic Whites. The consistency with which relationships that include non-Hispanic Black individuals are labeled, however, stands out as unique: every instance of racial/ethnic boundary crossing that involved an individual from this group was labeled as “interracial.” Multivariate analyses identify significant predictors of SR-IRRs and RDIRRs and how race/ethnicity, nativity status, and university location interact to shape relationship engagement and the likelihood of self-identifying relationships as “interracial.” Our discussion concludes with implications and suggestions for future research.
      Citation: Social Currents
      PubDate: 2022-08-08T02:12:48Z
      DOI: 10.1177/23294965221118071
       
 
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