Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Please help us test our new pre-print finding feature by giving the pre-print link a rating. A 5 star rating indicates the linked pre-print has the exact same content as the published article.
Abstract: Abstract In a recent study 56% of women and 37% of men were survivors of childhood sexual abuse. These individuals who experience sexual trauma may experience depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or substance use disorders (Devlin et al., in Fam J 27(4):359–365, 2019). While there are several treatment approaches specifically developed to target trauma and its effects, (e.g., trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) we propose that integrating internal family systems therapy (IFS) and solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) offers a brief, systemic way to improve family relationship patterns in families where one member has experienced sexual trauma. A case vignette is used to show the integration of these two approaches. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Social media is a salient aspect of most people’s lives in the United States. Younger generations (e.g., Gen Z) are among some of the most likely to engage with social media and have mental health concerns. Mental health providers are beginning to use social media to engage with prospective clients. However, there is a lack of guidance on how to maximize the utility of social media engagement for couple and family therapists (CFTs). This paper reviews the current literature on therapists’ professional presence on social media and younger generations’ expectations around social media competency. Recommendations for how CFTs can effectively engage with younger generations through social media are provided. A discussion of professionalism, accessibility, demonstrating aligned values, branding CFT, and gaining a reputation of cost effectiveness are emphasized. Future directions for studying the phenomenon of therapists using social media to engage with an online audience are included. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract This paper is based on the premises that the conscious, active and purposeful use of self by the therapist in the therapeutic process is an essential aptitude in establishing an effective therapeutic relationship, and that this therapeutically purposeful use of self can and should be incorporated in the training of all therapists in a explicitly systematic manner. The paper will attempt to identify the contributions of the “what and how” the use of self by therapists contributes to the therapeutic process. First of all, therapists’ use of self is meant to be viewed as a Common Factor as defined by Sprenkle, Davis & Lebow (2009), which is a perspective about the effectiveness of therapy that “asserts that the qualities and capabilities of the person offering the treatment are more important than the treatment itself” (p. 4). Secondly, the use of self by therapists emphasizes developing the skill set of the therapist in the conscious, active and purposeful use of self as is in the moment of the therapeutic engagement with clients, and does so without denying the importance of therapists working to resolve personal issues of theirs that may interfere with the therapist's professional effectiveness. Therapists’ use of self gives particular emphasis to the purposeful use of self as is in therapy’s relationship, assessment and interventions whatever the therapy model (Aponte & Kissil, 2016). Thirdly, the use of self represents an aptitude that can be developed and refined through well elaborated structures for schooling therapists in the therapeutic use of all they bring of their personal selves to the therapy relationship including through the use of their human vulnerabilities as they exist at the moment of empathic engagement with clients. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Among adults, childhood maltreatment is widely known to increase depressive symptoms and reduce quality of adult’s intimate relationships. Considering the association between childhood maltreatment and adult depression and relationship quality from systemic theories may help clinicians conceptualize and intervene with their clients. Internal Family Systems is an evidenced based psychotherapy and is a trauma-informed model. Self is one of the core concepts of the Internal Family Systems model and it is theorized to reduce mental health problems such as depression and strengthen adult romantic relationships. Despite this theoretical proposition there is no supporting empirical research. To address this gap, the current study examined Self, specifically the qualities of Self (e.g., compassion) and Self-Leadership (e.g., staying calm in face of distress) as pathways linking childhood maltreatment to depression and relationship quality. Using a sample of adults in a romantic relationship, the current study examined Self-Qualities and Self-Leadership as mediators linking retrospective reports of child maltreatment to current depressive symptoms and relationship quality. Results indicate that the indirect (mediating) effects from childhood maltreatment to depressive symptoms and relationship quality were significant through Self-Qualities, but not Self-Leadership. Findings suggest that childhood maltreatment is associated with less frequent access to the qualities of Self, such as compassion and confidence which, in turn, were associated with fewer depressive symptoms and higher levels of relationship quality. For clinicians, the use of IFS and specifically helping clients increase the Self-Qualities may reduce depressive symptoms and strengthen romantic relationships. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Systemic Autism-related Family Enabling (SAFE) is a new intervention for families of children with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). SAFE responds to international and national recommendations for improved care and the reported needs of families. SAFE draws from Family Therapy techniques, Attachment Narrative Therapy and known preferences of individuals with autism. Twenty two families of a child with a diagnosis of ASD severity level 1 or 2 were recruited. The families attended five 3-hour sessions. Family members completed the Helpful Aspects of Therapy Questionnaire (HAT) after each session. Analysis of the HAT data revealed that adults and children experienced SAFE to be helpful which was elaborated in terms of the following themes: therapist as helping reflection, increased understanding, feeling closer, more confident to reflect and problem solve, improved communication and feeling less alone and isolated. The findings are discussed to consider how SAFE can be improved and implemented to offer support for families. SAFE is a good candidate to fill a gap in autism related care. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Law enforcement officers have one of the most dangerous and demanding careers in the United States (Price in JAMA 35:113–123, 2017). Challenges such as shiftwork, hypervigilance, and anti-police rhetoric can lead to burnout and trauma responses (e.g. Neylan et al., in JAMA 27:1493–1508, 2010). These stressful trials do not only impact the officer, but also their spouses and families (e.g. Alexander & Walker in JAMA 10:131–138 1994; as reported by Bibbins (in:Resse (ed) Psychological Services for Law Enforcement, US Government Printing Office, 1986). Unfortunately, there are minimal suggestions for use of a systemic psychotherapy approach involving the entire family. This article discusses challenges officers and their families frequently face and proposes the use of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for law enforcement families. This article also provides suggestions for altering interventions to increase sensitivity for families and an example dialogue. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract The increase in social media usage contributes to a greater number of Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs) using social media to grow their professional outreach and to increase awareness about mental health by engaging with online audiences. Although existing literature has discussed how MFTs can make ethical use of personal social media in and around their therapeutic role, no literature at this time has explored the potential ethical issues faced by MFTs seeking to build public presence on social media as a “mental health influencer.” The present paper intends to provide a definition of mental health influencers (MHIs) and reviews ethical concerns relevant to MFTs acting as MHIs. Particular consideration is given to ethical dilemmas and conflicts-of-interest which may emerge via parasocial relationships developed through social media influencing, as well as how the boundaries and the limitations of an MFT’s professional scope can be tested when presenting as a personable, public figure over digital platforms. A framework for conceptualizing ethical issues for MHI-MFTs is offered, with a selection of prescient issues being examined within the scope of existing ethical standards set forth by the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy’s (AAMFT) Code of Ethics. Reflections are offered about what questions and guidelines should be observed by MFTs in order to avoid unethical use of social media as an MHI, followed by a brief discussion about future considerations which should be considered by MHIs. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Imposter phenomenon is defined as a sense of intellectual fraudulence and an inability to internalize success and competency. Although imposter phenomenon has been noted in several populations, literature is sparse that focuses on mental health professionals. In addition, little is known about the relationships between imposter phenomenon, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction for mental health workers. Using a survey design with a convenience sample of 158 mental health workers, this study found that imposter phenomenon was positively associated with compassion fatigue, as well as negatively associated with compassion satisfaction, when controlling for years of work and age. Further, the combination of lower levels of compassion satisfaction and higher levels of burnout predicted higher levels of imposter phenomenon. Implications and preventative measures are discussed. PubDate: 2022-06-01
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Abstract: Abstract Differentiation of self, a basic concept of Bowen family systems theory, is the ability to distinguish between and balance one’s own feelings and thoughts, two basic life instincts in interpersonal relationships, as well as navigate balance between individuality and togetherness. This research aimed to develop a valid and reliable tool to measure differentiation of self in work relationships. The sample consisted of 346 individuals who were at least 20 years old, were currently employed, and were selected through appropriate sampling methods. A demographics form, the Differentiation of Self in Work Relationships Scale (DS-WRS), the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Burnout Measure: Short Version, and the Differentiation of Self Inventory Short Form were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS-22 and LISREL-8.5 programs. A four-factor structure was obtained after the exploratory factor analysis, and results confirmed that fit indices were at an acceptable level. However, the DS-WRS showed a negative correlation with burnout and a positive correlation with job satisfaction. For all subdimensions and the total score of the DS-WRS, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be acceptable. Test-retest correlations indicated the scale’s reliability, and the item-total correlations, score were within acceptable limits. The DS-WRS consists of 18 items and four subdimensions: fusion with others, emotional reactivity, emotional cutoff, and I position. Higher scores obtained from each subdimension and an increased total score indicated an increase in the differentiation self of an individual in work relationships. After reviewing the psychometric properties, we concluded that the developed scale is valid and reliable for measuring the differentiation level of individuals in specific work relationships. PubDate: 2022-05-03
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Abstract: Abstract Slavery and its aftermath have created multiple challenges that are unique to the African American community. Although literature exists within other disciplines, no published empirical study within the marriage and family therapy literature has examined the residual effects of slavery. We used a modified Delphi methodology to explore the residual effects of slavery on African Americans and to determine resultant clinical implications. To obtain information from panelists who have expertise in this area, we conducted three rounds of data collection: an open-ended questionnaire, a Likert-scale questionnaire, and a round of in-depth interviews. Based on our analysis of the data collected, this empirical study describes the influence of the residual effects of slavery, implications for clinicians and directions for future research. PubDate: 2022-04-23
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Abstract: Abstract Gay men report higher levels of body dissatisfaction and negative body image than heterosexual men. These trends are closely linked to cultural pressures, sexual identity development, family relationships, and attachment style. However, despite this link, few therapeutic resources exist that address the unique stressors of gay men struggling with body image and body image-related factors as well as family influence on these stressors. This article outlines an adaptation of Emotionally-Focused Family Therapy (EFFT) for therapists working with gay clients struggling with body image. We address the restructuring of negative interaction cycles related to parental rejection and body image and demonstrate how an enactment intervention can be utilized as a tool for healing. PubDate: 2022-04-20
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Abstract: Abstract Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a chronic disease that impacts the individual with a SUD as well as an entire family system. While family members of those with SUDs are one of the most important support networks in the recovery process, impacted family members have been found to experience more adverse health outcomes and altered functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These impacts negatively influence not only family members’ personal health but also the health of the family unit, which limits the family’s capability of providing its most effective support. Bowen’s conceptualization of differentiation of self can help explain the perspective of SUDs as a “family disease” and associated impacts on family members. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy with a sample of 26 SUD-impacted family members, the present study examined associations between PFC activation in response to images of a loved-one seeking abstinence from a SUD and various components of differentiation of self (i.e., emotional cutoff, emotional reactivity, fusion with others, and I-position). Activation of the left dorsomedial PFC in response to SUD loved-one images associated negatively with emotional reactivity and positively with fusion with others. These findings did not replicate in a control group and have important implications for research and clinical practice. PubDate: 2022-04-11
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Abstract: Abstract Whilst conducting couples therapy is a professional practice, couples’ therapists (CTs) play an active role in the therapeutic process not only professionally but also personally. Despite the increase in research into the person of the therapist, few studies have examined the person of the therapist issues specific to CTs. In this study, we aimed to explore the experiences of CTs regarding the interaction of their personal and professional beliefs and experiences when working with couples. A qualitative design was used, based on constructivist grounded theory. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 CTs in romantic relationships and working with couples. Three main categories were co-constructed through qualitative analysis: accessing what was brought in through the self, engaging with what the couples bring, and embracing the personal and professional selves. Awareness of the person of the therapist and learning how to use themselves to relate, assess, and intervene with clients enable CTs to create a secure therapeutic presence. The findings have useful implications for clinicians, couples therapy training program frameworks, and couples therapy supervision. PubDate: 2022-04-05
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Abstract: Abstract In designing this study, we aimed to obtain a rich, phenomenological understanding of the experiences of couple and family therapists who transitioned their practice to telehealth due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Twelve experienced therapists from the U.S., Spain and Australia were interviewed in depth about their experiences of this transition, particularly how they developed and maintained therapeutic alliances in a virtual context with couples and families suffering pandemic-related hardships. The qualitative analysis identified 40 themes reflecting participants’ initial impressions of telehealth and their positive and negative reactions and adjustments to practicing remotely. Upon overcoming some initial wariness about providing services virtually, many participants described advantages to this way of working with families. Indeed, participants were creative in adjusting to this novel therapy modality, finding new ways to connect emotionally with their clients, to work meaningfully with children, to assess in-session dynamics, and to ensure their clients’ privacy and safety. Notably, several participants commented on the relatively slower development of alliances with new cases and the challenge of repairing split alliances between family members. Many of these difficulties were described as due to having minimal access to their clients’ raw emotions and the inability to use typical systemic interventions, such as moving family members around physically. Participants also reflected on being a “participant observer” to the upheaval caused by the pandemic, a distressing experience they shared with the families in their care. PubDate: 2022-04-04
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Abstract: Abstract Marital satisfaction, which is typically assessed with multi-item measures, has been linked to health benefits among both civilian and military samples. Despite some advantages over multiple-item measures, researchers are less likely to use single-item marital satisfaction measures perhaps because there are few studies that demonstrate their reliability and validity. This study provided validation evidence, reliability estimates and replicated the cut-off of the Brief Marital Screening Tool (SI measure) in three military-affiliated samples (two of service members [N = 850 and N = 936] and one military spouse sample [N = 333]). Analyses showed that the SI measure had acceptable reliability using two estimation techniques. Further, in comparison with the multi-item measures, the SI measure showed similar associations with mental health, physical health, and relationship functioning outcomes establishing the SI measure’s criterion validity. Lastly, findings also confirmed the cut-off established in the original validation paper using two different multiple-item marital satisfaction measures. The implications of the findings for research, interventions, and clinical practice are discussed. PubDate: 2022-03-19
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Abstract: Abstract When working with families of individuals with mental illness, therapists attend to multiple perspectives of family members. The current study quantitatively examines several perspectives of siblings within various role positions related to mental illness and suicidal ideation. The participating sample draws from: individuals with mental illness, siblings of those with mental illness, and individuals from families where both siblings have diagnosed mental illness. Across these positions, we compared experienced stress, distress, and burden and examined the function of the sibling bond. The study also explores patterns in overall functioning across these sibling positions. Our findings highlight the burden of siblings of those with mental illness, the psychological distress of those with MI, and the stressful environment of those siblings who both report mental illness. The study findings clarify commonalities within and across siblings, according to whether or not they report mental illness and/or suicidal ideation. Our findings suggest that families have both individual and shared narratives associated with the person reporting mental illness. The results of this study are used to further inform therapeutic practice with families of individuals with mental illness. PubDate: 2022-03-16
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Abstract: Abstract Efforts to honor and integrate patients’ and families’ spiritual beliefs and dispositions in biopsychosocial/spiritual care are well-worth the time, energy, and requisite resources that it takes to do so. In this account, the authors describe how targeted education and supervision with students and trainees can serve to promote preparatory knowledge, comfort, and skills toward including spiritual foci in their work. Purposeful assessments, care conversations, and interdisciplinary partnerships are described as advancing better clinical outcomes. Thoughtful strategizing around clinic- and hospital- operations and care structures are described as essential to better workflow and collegial collaborations. Careful attention to financial foci in care provision and team organization that support spiritual health are outlined as key to supporting cost-effectiveness. All of these things—taken together—are put forth as important to the inclusion of what is often and arguably one of the most neglected facets of patients’ and families’ experiences in care practices today. PubDate: 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10591-021-09619-0
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Abstract: Abstract Contemporary increases in chronic- and terminal- diagnoses among adults creates a demand for medical family therapists (MedFTs) to better-assist ill parents in preparing for and facilitating conversations with children. MedFTs must have skills, knowledge, and training in assessing when help is needed, and then engaging parents effectively in such conversations. As systems-trained providers, MedFTs functioning in medical contexts are well positioned to fulfill such tasks. This manuscript highlights educational/training and clinical foci essential toward MedFTs’ preparation for and conduct of this work. Ways to engage in difficult conversations with children are described across both general approaches and specific examples. Operational contexts such as integrating MedFTs into medical healthcare facilities, and financial considerations facilitative of these efforts, are also considered. PubDate: 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10591-021-09628-z
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Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
