 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- Misuse of Technology to Exacerbate Democracy in Crisis
Abstract: Publication year: 2023Source: American Journal of Sociological Research, Volume 13, Number 1Md Rahimullah Miah, Md Mehedi Hasan, Jorin Tasnim Parisha, Shahriar Hussain Chowdhury, Alexander Kiew SayokToday’s global democracy is in crisis due to abuse of advanced wireless sensor technology. Everyone uses this technology for fulfillment of democratic activities but no one knows its effect with fluctuated radio frequencies in humans due to presence of active open-eyes, self-voice, switch-on sensor device and a specific GPS location. Cyber criminals misuse this sensor device towards political leaders as a weapon of political agenda through misusing of biosensor cloud networks worldwide. This unexpected sensor device is a tactical shock as the extreme threat to the constitutional laws and orders exacerbate the guarantee of free and fair elections, freedom of the press, religious sentiments, the rights of minorities, national security, global integrity and the rule of laws. The research conducted in individuals with body mass indices at the positions of global positioning systems with tracking through the processed radio frequencies at dark and light environments. The study details the principles, recognizing the impact of digital poisoning with individuals suffering in pandemic political diseases worldwide. Qualitative and quantitative political data collected from ISNAH experiment and field survey while secondary data obtained from miscellaneous sources. The study shows the interruption of a comprehensive global economy, human rights, political relations, and public health security due to active constitutional democracy. The research also demonstrates that political leaders are getting sick and later suffering depressions and political anxiety, which reflects in national, regional and global democracy. Global politicians and general people are running towards loss in diverse ways with democratic surroundings through tracking and digital poisoning from advanced technology. These findings reflect the global democracy that the democratic governments provide in the State within the constitution. Democratic technological awareness is essential but such consciousness is below par among supporters. The study suggests future research trajectories of a new alternative approach to drive the democratic agenda in legal ways to further incorporate the secure technology for settlement of stable political rights.
- The Potential of Adopting Blockchain Technology and Developing Smart
Construction Contracts
Abstract: Publication year: 2023Source: American Journal of Sociological Research, Volume 13, Number 1Zeaid Mohammad Bin Masfar, Omar Mohammad Bin Masfer, Alanoud Abdullah AlqahtaniTechnological innovation has resulted in a fast changing landscape for contracts within the construction industry (Mason, 2017). Construction has always been a collaborative process that involves large or small group of participants. Historically, information such as conceptual design, basic design, or tender documentation have been exchanged by participants using paper documents. Nowadays, the age of digital technology, greater specialisation has resulted in greater knowledge, better quality, and higher productivity but has also caused more fragmentation in the construction industry (Turk & Kline, 2017). According to Turk and Kline (2017), it is important to know that management of significant information can be used in case of disputes and litigation among contributors to construction projects. New innovations, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), which is close to becoming compulsory in application, are still facing some issues that are hindering their success. The aim of this paper is to present, in plain language, the possibility of adopting revolutionary innovation: blockchain technology and smart contracts. This paper will introduce aspects of these technological advancements and their possible application in construction in a manner that a lay person will understand. According to the revised version, Ali (2008), in his paper presented at the Pacific Association of Quantity Surveyors International Conference in Auckland New Zealand stated that the “adoption of plain language is not an exercise of merely replacing turgid words or legalese with simpler and more understandable ones. It includes reviewing the whole document and structure.” We all know that computer programmers use commands, data, formulae, and language that only their fellow programmers can understand. One of the goals of this paper is to explain those things in a language that everybody understands, with the hope that these concepts will be embraced by the readers and lay people. This paper hypothesises that blockchain technology, in collaboration with the existing digital representations model, (Building Information Modelling (BIM)), will revolutionise the construction industry. Further, it recommends that participants in the construction industry should not stop innovating smart contracts because they do not yet fully address the complex challenges that can arise during a project.
- The Supremacy of the EU Law: "To What Extent is There a Contrast between
How the Supremacy Introduction of EU Law has been Viewed from the
Perspective of the Court of Justice of the European Union and from the
Perspective of National Courts'"
Abstract: Publication year: 2023Source: American Journal of Sociological Research, Volume 13, Number 1Zeaid Mohammad Bin MasfarThe uniformity of the European Union (EU) legal structure is dependent on the doctrine of supremacy, hence the idea of the supremacy of EU law is essential. The concept was developed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ), previously referred to as the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Despite a direct provision for the doctrine in the Treaty, the ECJ has constantly held that it is implied in the Treaty. Moreover, the ECJ states the doctrine of supremacy is necessary as it forms the foundation for the development of a novel legal order and subsequently, this means that it should take precedence over any national laws. In line with the CJEU's viewpoint, national courts should do away with laws that conflict with EU norms in any given case. However ultimately, it is the member states that determine whether the supremacy of EU law is acceptable and applicable within their borders. As such, there have been challenges with the overall integration process of the doctrine of supremacy of the EU law. One such instance was highlighted by the German Constitutional Court (the Bundesverfassungsgericht) wherein the supremacy issue was considered unfinished thus leaving a lot of ambiguity and controversy against its unconditional acceptance. The European Union, like other traditional international organisations, was created by treaties. However, access by member states requires the delegation of specific competencies associated with national sovereignty to a higher international organization and its institutions. The CJEU has been crucial in defining the legal nature of the EU and its judgments have transformed the status of the organization and impacted the entire EU integration process. For instance, the Van Gend en Loos judgment both defined EU law as community law, wherein member states had limited rights and subjects of the law included member citizens, as well as stating that the EU is not merely an agreement between contracting parties.
- Preventing Non-Communicable Diseases Through Cultural Dance in Africa: The
Example of kúmpo's Dance Among the Diola Communities of Lower Casamance
in Senegal
Abstract: Publication year: 2022Source: American Journal of Sociological Research, Volume 12, Number 1Ina Maimouna Mengué Badji, Cheikh Ibrahima Niang, Pascal AssineCultural dance is recognized as a therapy that supports the physical, social, and mental well-being of communities in Africa. This paper analyses the relationship between the representations, practices and attitudes surrounding the diola cultural dance and the prevention of non-communicable diseases risk factors among diola communities of Lower Casamance. A qualitative approach is used for the study with techniques and data collection tools as literature review, interviews, observation, photos and videos elicitation. Interviews transcribed, descriptions and comments of photos and videos are the main data processing and analysis enabled lexical field identification and significations around kúmpo cultural dance associated to psychological stability preservation. Idioms, concepts, and interpretation of expressions in diola fogny language, transcribed and translated in English highlights representations on the body linked to physical activity as a means of preventing non-communicable diseases that can be mobilized for prevention strategies in communities.
- On the Paradigm of Sociology as a Science
Abstract: Publication year: 2022Source: American Journal of Sociological Research, Volume 12, Number 1Samuil VinogradovOur article discusses the basic prerequisites for the formation of a unified theoretical basis for sociology and thus its transformation into a true fundamental science, capable of identifying objective regularities of social life and applying them to the study of specific social phenomena. The methodological basis for the article is an approach to the actions of individuals and social groups from the standpoint of their objective belonging to the natural world, expressed in the various needs of people, inducing strongly enough representatives of any social groups to certain social behavior, which can lead to significant contradictions and generate acute social conflicts in society. The author considers the main task of sociology as a science to participate in the handling of such conflicts by means of studying the position of conflicted social groups in the system of social labor division. The proposed method for the real participation of sociologists in state social policy involves studying the professional preferences of representatives of such social groups, as well as recommending proposals for creating social “niches” for these groups within the framework of certain forms of socially useful activity.
- Exploring the Delinquent Behaviour among Alleged Detainees at Police
Stations and Associated Causes: A Case Study of Quetta City, Balochistan
Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: American Journal of Sociological Research, Volume 11, Number 1Abdul Razique Bazai, Sanaullah Panezai, Said QasimBackground: Delinquent behavior has been a serious social problem and literature has explored it at global, regional and national levels. Objectives: The purpose of this research study is to explore the delinquent behavior among detainees and associated causes in Quetta city of Balochistan province. Methods: This study adopted survey research design for exploring delinquent behavior among detainees. Primary data were gathered from 105 detainees at twenty-two police stations at Quetta city through interviewee-administrated questionnaire. Police stations were selected through universal sampling for this research study. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: The socio-demographic profile of the criminals showed that 43.8% were illiterate, age group 42.9% were aged 20-29 years, 61.0% married, 72.4% were living in nuclear family and 55.2%. had fair economic status. Of the total, 91% of the detainees were the dwellers of Balochistan province. Majority (63.8%) of them were arrested for the 1st time. The significant delinquencies included drug use (22.2%), stolen others’ money (13.8%), bought stolen goods (10.0%), involved in gang fighting (10.0%), and injured people (8.6%). The detainees reported the causes of delinquent behavior as criminal emotions (29.5%), peer influence (35.2%), lack of parental attention (11.4%) and crime dominated area (6.7%). Conclusions: This study concluded that poor educational background had strong association with the criminal behavior. The criminal behavior is triggered by criminal emotions, peer influence and lack of parental attention. The findings imply that education together with parental supervision can plan an important role in reducing the criminal offenses by youth. Thuse, parents must monitor the activities of their family members. Moreover, policymakers should ensure that each child have access to free and mandatory education in order to nourish the youth as law abiding citizens.
- Women and COVID-19: Exploration of the Impact on Psychological Health,
Nutritional and Hygiene Practices
Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: American Journal of Sociological Research, Volume 11, Number 1Alfred J. Lawrence, Umama Fatima, Faiza Ali, Saima Arif, Ancey Abraham, Samridhi Dwivedi, Tahmeena KhanThe impact of the crisis is never gender-neutral and COVID-19 is no exception. While everyone is facing unprecedented challenges, women are bearing the brunt of economic and social fallout of COVID-19. Mental health, hygiene and nutritional aspects are very important for the assessment of the well-being of a person. This paper has shed light on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on women associated impact on their lives in the current scenario. Through an online questionnaire survey with 510 women of different age groups and strata of the society, the impact of the pandemic has been assessed especially in Indian context.
- Witches' Camps in Northern Ghana: Are They Safe for the Inmates' – A
Qualitative Study on the Psycho-Social Conditions of Alleged Witches in
Some Witches' Camps in Northern Ghana
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: American Journal of Sociological Research, Volume 10, Number 2Thomas Bavo Azongo, Adadow Yidana, Alhassan MusahWitchcraft and associated accusations are a disturbing feature of a lesser-known form of violence to which women can be subjected to in some areas of the world, most especially Africa. There have been media reports about the deplorable condition of women living in witches’ camps in Ghana. This study examined the state of women perceived as witches, particularly their psycho-social and health condition. Purposive sampling technique was used to select eight participants perceived as witches at Kukuo witch’s camp. The study approach was qualitative with an interview and observation guides as a data collection tools. There were also three focused group discussions in each community from which the witches came from. Again, four key informant interviews from relevant actors who have in-depth knowledge in the area were conducted. The information obtained from the participants was categorized based on themes as it emerged and which are important to the description of the phenomenon. From the study, women perceived as witches are exposed to deplorable social and environmental conditions with high health risk and low economic statuses associated with old age. These beliefs and practices tend to interfere with their rights in respective communities. The alleged witches claimed they were innocent and were ‘cleansed’, however, due to stigma and fear of fresh attacks from their previous communities, they chose to remain in the camp. It is recommended that women’s groups must be strengthened, and people should be educated on the rights and responsibilities of citizens, and financial institutions must readily give loans to these women. Prompt renewal of the Health Insurance Identification Cards should be done to take care of the health needs of residents.
- The Role of Proverbs in Peace Building among Oromoo: The Case of Bale Zone
of Oromia Region
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: American Journal of Sociological Research, Volume 10, Number 1Obsa Mamo Kosa, Ketema Tafa BiratuThis paper examines the role of Oromo people Proverbs in peace building and in transmitting knowledge and Wisdom. Ethiopian particularly Oromo people appreciate the role of proverbs in establishing and maintaining peace among the community. The paper argues that proverbs are tools in maintaining peace and peaceful coexistence as well as a way of transmitting knowledge and wisdom. So, the main purpose of this study was to examine the role of Oromo people’s proverbs in peace building and transmitting knowledge and wisdom. To achieve this objective, the research applied Descriptive Survey Method because it is suitable to collect available information via interview and focused group discussion using elders as the major subjects and snow ball sampling technique. In addition, document analysis was employed. Then, the collected proverbs were assessed for their relevance and appropriateness to the purpose of this study, translated to English for analysis, grouped according to related themes; the contents of the categorized proverbs were analyzed and interpreted thematically respectively. The research reveal that Oromo people’s proverbs has the great role of peace building through unifying people, facilitating the progress of speech, tolerating and respecting different differences as well as develop knowledge and wisdom through expressing intellectual and emotional attitudes.
- Cultural Economy: Is Culture at the Center of a City's Economy'
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: American Journal of Sociological Research, Volume 10, Number 1Beatrice Atieno Abura, Patrick Odhiambo Hayombe, Fredrick Zacharia Argwenge Odede, Steven Gaya AgongEvery part of a city’s economy is determined by culture. The only challenge is that conceptualization of culture differs between its users and this is making it difficult for the concept to be assigned an economic value. This study was guided by Planning, Functional and Normative theories adopted from Kevin Lynch work. The study was conducted within Kisumu County (Kenya). Observation and desk review were used as methods for data collection. Being that culture is abroad concept, in this study, the authors try to show case if culture is truly at the center of city economy with special referencing to characteristics of culture. This gives an indication on the role that culture plays in building Kisumu city economy such as creating unique markets and space designs, affecting distribution of goods and services, and expressing power and authority over goods and services. This is show cased through combining characteristics of culture (Culture is organic, Super-Organic; Overt, Covert; Explicit, Implicit; Ideal, Manifest; Stable yet changing; shared, learned; Symbolic) to physical localities (Dunga Beach, Jomo Kenyatta Sports Ground, and Ranalo Foods-Kosewe) within Kisumu City. With the connection between characteristics of culture and physical localities in Kisumu city, it is therefore evident that truly, culture is at the center of Kisumu city’s economy and if it is not embraced, it create a collapse to the city’s economy. Future studies needs to interrogate the various forms of culture, and their effect to the city economy.
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