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Abstract: Debo comenzar esta nota resaltando, con tristeza, el fallecimiento de un miembro de nuestro Comité Editorial: Esteban Morales Domínguez (1942–2022). Esteban, como era conocido en nuestro campo, era un especialista destacado en el estudio de las relaciones Cuba-Estados Unidos, alguien que intentó mover uno de los temas más politizados y conflictivos de los estudios cubanos hacia el terreno académico. Esos esfuerzos tuvieron expresiones institucionales importantes, como el Centro de Estudios sobre Estados Unidos (CESEU), que Esteban fundó a principios de los ochenta y dirigió durante casi veinte años. Se trata de un esfuerzo que, a pesar de las especificidades del proceso político cubano post-1959, conecta con temas ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Manuel de los Santos Barrios's La cadena del esclavo, which premiered in Madrid in 1867, deserves attention if for no other reason than one of its main characters, Cándido, is meant to evoke the mixed-race Cuban poet Gabriel de la Concepción Valdés (b. Matanzas, 1809–d. Havana, 1844), better known as Plácido.1 After a short but intense literary career, Plácido was executed on charges of collaboration in the conspiracy of La Escalera (1844), which involved mostly people of color, free and enslaved. The event's name refers to the fact that the suspects were tied to a ladder, escalera, during interrogations. Although the ultimate goals of La Escalera remain disputed, those involved plotted to revolt against the slave ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: En el presente artículo analizamos las formas en que la fotografía cubana de autor refleja los signos de los credos populares. Si bien señalamos algunos antecedentes desde 1959, cuando triunfa la Revolución, abundamos en el período de 1980 a 2022. Nos basamos en la noción de que el vínculo entre religiosidad y fotografía brinda un espejo de sus propios dinamismos y de la sociedad que les rodea. A tono con ello, analizamos cómo la fotografía refleja las transformaciones propias del medio, así como otras problemáticas sociales diversas. Entre estas, se cuentan las ligadas a las dinámicas de las prácticas religiosas populares, los conflictos raciales, de género, de clase, económicos y políticos. El desplazamiento ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: It was at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich that the world first met Teófilo Stevenson, Cuba's soon-to-be most famous fighter and amateur heavyweight boxing champion. The Afro-Cuban pugilist, son of British West Indian immigrants, dominated the amateur boxing world in the 1970s and 1980s. He remains one of only three fighters to win three Olympic gold medals, taking home heavyweight titles at the 1972, 1976, and 1980 Olympic Games. But rather than abandon amateur sport in Cuba for what could have been a lucrative professional boxing career in the United States, Stevenson remained "a totally loyal Cuban," declaring his commitment to the ideals of the Cuban Revolution.1 He retired from boxing in 1987, having amassed ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: El destierro de separatistas cubanos a territorios españoles de ultramar fue una táctica de la colonia durante los treinta años de guerras entre Cuba y España (1868–1898). El 29 de octubre de 1896 salía de Santiago de Cuba hacia las Islas Chafarinas en el norte de África el vapor Villaverde con un grupo de desterrados, entre ellos el prisionero político Emilio Bacardí Moreau (1844–1922).1 Procedente de la familia productora de ron de la zona oriental de la isla, "polifacético en su vida y en su obra, Bacardí había sido deportado en dos ocasiones por sus actividades en apoyo a las insurrecciones cubanas" (Hierrezuelo 38). Bacardí llegó a ser "eficaz colaborador del Ejército Libertador: realizó acopios y envíos de ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: "I find it very hard indeed to make Americans understand the difference between a caricature and a cartoon. It is the difference between burlesque and imitation."In the 1920s, Cuban newspapers from Santiago to Havana chronicled the success of a young artist from the eastern end of the island named Eduardo Abril Lamarque (1904–1999), whom they praised as "one of the top ten cartoonists in the United States."1 "And yet," remarked another acclaimed Cuban artist, Armando Maribona, "nobody knows that invisible entity personally."2 Despite his extraordinary and manifold contributions to visual culture in and in between Cuba and the United States in the years that separated the two world wars, Lamarque has never been the ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The Photograph mechanically repeats what could never be repeated existentially.As a result of its geographical location, Cuba has always been a zone of turbulence, to borrow Nicolas Bourriaud's phrase, a counterpoint of confluence and collision and site of cross-pollination and oftentimes violent exchange.1 When considered in the larger historical contexts of colonialism and neocolonialism that began with the Spanish Conquest in the fifteenth century, the realities of forcible and voluntary migration to, and emigration from, the island are deeply ingrained in Cuba's historical and cultural memory. The ongoing exodus that preceded and followed the 1959 Revolution is yet another iteration of this long history of ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Contemporary as well as historical accounts of developments in Cuban society often downplay or ignore Cuba's indigenous roots, and reference to this past is often relegated to specialized archaeological and anthropological sources, or narratives of the late fifteenth to early eighteenth centuries. Much scholarship has focused on the indigenous cultures the Spaniards encountered upon their arrival, the migratory routes they followed in reaching the archipelago, and descriptions and interpretations of settlement patterns, but only limited efforts have been devoted to exploring the dynamics underlying their demographic evolution, such as reproductive behavior or disease profiles determining mortality patterns. This is ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Casi todos los panoramas y las antologías de la poesía cubana coinciden en excluirlo. Y es algo sobre lo que ya nada puede hacerse. Lo más significativo es que Fernando Palenzuela jamás haya opuesto la otra mejilla. Apenas publica y se cuida de los ambientes culturales más que de los Idus de Marzo.Reincidió desde muy pronto en la incómoda situación de demostrar que era real. Cuando en 1956 Palenzuela se presentó ante el poeta José Álvarez Baragaño, la primera reacción de este fue sospechar que aquel muchacho que aseguraba no conocer personalmente a ningún escritor cubano, aunque sí haber leído El amor original (1955), participaba de una burla de sus tantos enemigos. Semejante a esa noche, en 1960 Palenzuela envió ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: No es tarea sencilla encasillar a una autora como Zoé Valdés dentro de una corriente literaria bien definida. Quizá el término más apropiado para su caso sea simplemente el de artista, una artista de 360 grados. Es una conocida narradora y poeta, pero también periodista y guionista. Además, su universo se extiende de la literatura a las artes visuales, con incursiones en la música.De manera parecida a lo que ocurre en los trabajos de otro autor cubano, Pedro Juan Gutiérrez, es posible apreciar en Zoé Valdés una matriz bukowskiana en las premisas de sus personajes: el miedo hacia el mundo y el aburrimiento o desinterés respecto a una sociedad en disonancia con los sentimientos que los personajes tienen en lo ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: El 11 de julio de 2021, miles de cubanos salieron a las calles de manera espontánea y casi simultáneamente en más de sesenta localidades del país. Esta protesta, la mayor que se ha producido en más de sesenta años, fue convocada desde un grupo de Facebook en San Antonio de los Baños (Colomé 2021) y trasmitida en vivo por las redes sociales, generando un efecto dominó de alcance nacional. Más allá de que el fenómeno responde a diversas causas, este estallido no puede comprenderse cabalmente sin atender al cambio que ha significado para los cubanos el acceso a internet y la expansión de un activismo digital que constituye su antecedente inmediato.Si bien desde los años 90 del siglo pasado se habla de un resurgimiento ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In the 1960s the world flocked to Cuba to see the birth of a socialist revolution. In the first decades of the twenty-first century, the world hurried to witness the remnants of that socialist project and, we are often told, its imminent demise. The discredited grand narratives of socialist and capitalist modernities, deepened after 1989 and 2008, respectively, have ushered in a current global crisis of legitimation of politics as usual. Advertised as the last standing twentieth-century communism in the Western hemisphere, the swan song of the Cuban Revolution has only gotten louder in the last two decades. What we can call "the Cuban postsocialist moment" has generated a whirlwind of visits, interpretations, media ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Castigada por sus padres por haberse enamorado de su primo hermano— "pecado" que ellos también habían cometido y consumido en matrimonio— Ritica Suárez del Villar y Suárez del Villar tuvo que mudarse de su pueblo natal de Trinidad de Cuba a la cercana ciudad de Cienfuegos a una edad tierna. Luego a los treinta-tres años, comenzó su labor secreto de apoyar y luego organizar el abastecimiento de las tropas mambises en la provincia de Santa Clara como fundadora y presidente del Club "La Cubanita." Como gesto de aprecio por su importancia y valentía, el General Máximo Gómez la visitó personalmente en su marcha de victoria y entrada a la Habana en 1899.1 Por su conservación en los papeles personales del General Gómez es ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Hortensia Pichardo, en su introducción a la edición que ella compiló y editó de la correspondencia de Máximo Gómez a Francisco Carrillo, caracterizó el epistolario del "Generalísimo" de la siguiente manera: "En su correspondencia, el general se aparta de la sobriedad que impera en su Diario, se muestra comunicativo y expone sin limitaciones sus pensamientos y sus reacciones anímicas … son como desahogos de una persona dolorida que necesita compartir sus sentimientos con alguien que sepa comprenderlos …".1 Según Pichardo, Gómez "mantenía frecuente trato epistolar con amigos predilectos".2Desde el principio de 1898, uno de esos amigos predilectos era el coronel Ernesto Fonts y Sterling, mi bisabuelo materno, quien ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: La Revolución cubana invoca imágenes de hombres barbudos, viriles y heroicos conquistando la libertad para una nación oprimida por la tiranía de intereses extranjeros. Al triunfar la revolución en 1959, el Movimiento 26 de julio inició toda una serie de reformas para campesinos, analfabetos, mujeres, pobres, estudiantes y afrodescendientes, pero nunca atendió las peticiones de los gays y las lesbianas (Robaina, "El proyecto revolucionario y los homosexuales" 1–3). Peor aún, el Estado revolucionario definía la homosexualidad como un producto de capitalismo; un cáncer maligno que contaminaría el tejido social de una nueva colectividad revolucionaria. En otras palabras, el homosexual era la antítesis del hombre nuevo ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Elizabeth (Liz) Dore, professor emerita of modern languages and linguistics at the University of Southampton, died in May 2022, leaving a great hole in the worlds of Latin American history and Cuban studies.Born in Brooklyn, New York, just after the end of World War II, Liz lived through the civil rights movement and came of age as an activist and academic at a time when a socialist, even communist, world marked by equality and dignity seemed possible.Liz had a PhD from Columbia University and wrote extensively on modern Latin American history and politics, with a focus on Cuba, Peru, and Nicaragua. Her special expertise was in the relations of class, race, gender, and ethnicity. Her book Myths of Modernity: ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Al igual que el trabajo académico de Rosamond King, Margarita Mateo, Silvio Torres-Saillant, Yolanda Martínez-San Miguel, entre otros, el libro de Paul Humphrey se aparta de la tradicional crítica monolingüe en torno al Caribe y ofrece una perspectiva transnacional del área, con el ánimo de articular discursos que contribuyen a unificar la cultura caribeña más allá de sus diferencias regionales. En este caso se retoma uno de sus acervos más característicos: las religiones sincréticas de origen africano como forma de resistencia en las sociedades coloniales y poscoloniales. Para ello el autor se centra en la representación literaria de este tópico a partir de un corpus textual que incluye realidades, autores y obras ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Nine years ago, the editors Daisy Rubiera Castillo and Inés María Martiatu Terry published a collection titled Afrocubanas in Havana. The first of its kind, the book brought together essays and primary sources written by black Cuban women who were members of the anti-racist organization of the same name. In 2020, the editor Devyn Spence Benson and the translator Karina Alma made an English-language version of the collection available to a wider audience. Scholars and students of Afro–Latin American and US Afro–Latinx Studies who are desperate to find English-language primary and secondary sources authored by Afro-Cuban women now have a resource at hand. The collection is mandatory reading, alongside Reyita (Duke ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Color and light, curving planes, and daring concrete shells wherein tradition and innovation flow together along with interiors and exteriors through elaborate arcades, porticoes, and patios adorned with climate-adapted brise-soleils, louvers, and intricate stained-glass vitrales. These elements characterize the architecture of modern Cuba. As Victor Deupi and Jean-François Lejeune's Cuban Modernism: Mid-Century Architecture 1940–1970 reiterates, those elements form a dramatic architectural landscape, which took shape during an equally dramatic period in history—that is, the decades before and after the Cuban Revolution of 1959 in which Fidel Castro and his compatriots led an armed uprising to overthrow dictator ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: El volumen de ensayos Reading Cuba: Discurso literario y geografía transcultural, compilado por Alberto Sosa Cabanas (Cuba, 1988) y publicado en 2018 por la editorial Aduana Vieja bajo su Colección de Estudios Culturales, es, en parte, el resultado de la primera conferencia "Reading Cuba" ofrecida en la Universidad Internacional de la Florida, en Miami, en el año 2016. En parte, y esto es necesario aclarar, porque no todos los colaboradores del libro participaron en la conferencia, dado que era interés de su autor, no ofrecer meras actas de un congreso en forma de libro, sino ofrecer un libro que funcionase como antología o como colección de ensayos. Y así, precisamente, puede sugerirse que se ha proyectado y ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In this engaging monograph, Shnookal convincingly argues that the event known as Operation Pedro Pan (Peter Pan), when fourteen thousand Cuban children were airlifted to Miami over twenty-two months from December 1960 to October 1962, was hardly just an exodus of innocent children. By contrasting representations in US propaganda and limited Catholic diocese materials, the author confronts Cold War myths surrounding Operation Pedro Pan with the agency of those who immigrated from Cuba to the United States and the families who did not.The strength of Shnookal's narrative is her attention to the demographics of whom she calls "Pedro Pans," or the young people who boarded the flights to Miami in the early 1960s. ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This engaging and original book traces the history of boxing in Mexico and Cuba to understand nationalism, masculinity, and the expansion of the public sphere. It shows that national peise was built through transnational sporting exchanges skillfully exploited by impresarios; that masculinity transformed into a modern combination of physical culture and racialized concepts of the body; and that the public sphere, mainly through print culture, took on "a life of its own" (2) beyond the elites who traditionally produced it. Bouts generated controversies about race and nationalism that could not be controlled by governments and shaped popular culture in enduring ways.In Mexico and Cuba, LaFevor argues, boxing is the ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Henry Lovejoy's Prieto: Yorùbá Kinship in Colonial Cuba during the Age of Revolutions is an excellent addition to the existing scholarship centered on the lives of Africans and Afro-Latinos across the Americas. Though a genre once undervalued by scholars, a biography such as this one, grounded in historical methodology, can offer valuable "insights into the experiences of people of African descent in the Atlantic World" and help fight the systemic exclusion of Black actors from the historical narrative (2). Lovejoy accomplishes these purposes with his in-depth study of Juan Nepomuceno Prieto, whose life he uses as a lens through which to understand what it meant to be an Atlantic Creole in Cuba at the turn of ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Becoming Free, Becoming Black is a comparative study on the interconnection between citizenship and racial subordination in slave societies. The book was cowritten by Alejandro de la Fuente and Ariela J. Gross and builds on their previous work.1 Among the many contributions of the study, it is worth mentioning the authors' analytical shift from slavery to freedom. In Slave and Citizen (1946), Frank Tannenbaum explained the divergent modern race relations in the United States and Latin America as resulting from their distinct slave legal regimes.2 Over the years, revisionists criticized Tannenbaum for overemphasizing law at the expense of slave agency, whereas recent scholarship has been trying to synthesize these ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Las fricciones entre el olvido y la memoria en el siglo XXI se acentúan en todas las regiones de la geografía global. Se retiran estatuas y se construyen monumentos, se promueven comisiones de justicia y verdad y se ilegalizan asociaciones que documentan crímenes del pasado. Actores gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, sujetos hegemónicos y subalternos apelan a la memoria de diversas causas históricas para afirmar sus identidades políticas.Cuba no es ajena a esos procesos a pesar de la persistencia del mismo sistema político, más de seis décadas después del triunfo de la Revolución, y de la reproducción de una comunidad exiliada portadora de una cultura política, centralmente, anticomunista y anticastrista, aunque ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: La película Fresa y chocolate de Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, basada en un cuento de Senel Paz, empieza en el cuarto de un motel donde David, el joven militante que espera acostarse por primera vez con su novia Vivian, descubre un estratégico hueco en la pared. David se asoma y ve a una pareja entregada alegremente al acto sexual en la habitación de al lado. El joven percibe en la escena espiada una versión más cruda de lo que está por ocurrir de su lado de la pared. Esa imagen en espejo no le gusta. Se avergüenza de sus intenciones hacia Vivian y, ante las débiles negativas de ella, se echa atrás. David no ha entendido que de este lado de la puerta también hay un espectáculo en el cual Vivian repite un guión convencional ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: It is a great irony of Cuban history that throughout its deeply troubled past, art and architecture somehow managed to thrive during times of political instability, repression, mass tourism, and a discernible—if not at times dubious—European or North American presence. To be sure, Cuba has always been a deeply contradictory place, with much of its architecture, urban fabric, and infrastructure built on the backs of enslaved people, under colonial rule, or forced through by merciless dictatorships. In this latter sense, Joseph Hartman's new book, Dictator's Dreamscape: How Architecture and Vision Built Machado's Cuba and Invented Modern Havana, is a welcome and much-needed addition to the ever-growing library of ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In Cuban Privilege: The Making of Immigrant Inequality in America, Professor Susan Eckstein documents immigration policies and support programs for Cubans by an impressive methodical review of official US government archives and newspaper accounts. The span is ambitious—from the early 1960s through the Trump era. Breaking with the traditional political science paradigm that situates immigration policy in the government or in the economy, she adds the Cuban state and exiles as actors to the making of US immigration policies for Cubans.Eckstein's method is comparative, as she explores the Cuban experience in view of the Haitian and Dominican ones. This results in viewing US-Cuba immigration policies as privileged ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: By any measure, Eduardo Chibás must be considered one of the most significant figures in twentieth-century Cuban politics. Aside from being the only Cuban politician whose rise to state power and popularity impoverished rather than enriched him, Chibás shaped "La Generación del Centenario," the generation that came of age at the time of the hundredth anniversary of the birth of José Martí, founder of an anti-imperialist vision of America that still endures today. Although Chibás (like all Cuban political leaders) wrapped himself in the mantle of Martí, he was every bit a Cuban original, as Ilan Ehrlich's meticulously researched biography shows us. Endowed with a brilliant legal mind but stripped of the opportunity ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Tiffany A. Sippial's Celia Sánchez Manduley: The Life and Legacy of a Cuban Revolutionary is a meticulously researched and accessible biography of one of the Cuban Revolution's most important yet understudied figures. The power of Sippial's work emerges from her methodological approach, which lets her construct a narrative of Sánchez's life that moves beyond simple description to instead explore the meaning and impact of Sánchez's memory, both in Cuba and beyond. In addition, Sippial's unprecedented access to Sánchez's personal papers, housed at the Oficina de Asuntos Históricos in Havana (which Sánchez herself founded) allowed Sippial to write what can only be described as the authoritative text on Sánchez's life ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Cuba, from Fidel to Raúl and Beyond is an excellent, deep, well-documented, and objective analysis of the economic reforms implemented in Cuba during the ten years of Raúl Castro's presidency, from 2008 to 2018, right before Miguel Díaz-Canel was appointed president and adhered to continuity (continuismo). The author, Bye Vegard, is a Norwegian political scientist who visited Cuba for the first time in the late 1970s and conducted field research in 2008–2019 for his doctoral dissertation. He interviewed about fifty people, mainly Cuban scholars, as well as journalists, important former government officials, the Catholic cardinal, a Cuban novelist laureate, and so forth. Moreover, he conversed with many independent ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: La insularidad de Cuba la hace propicia para una visión totalizadora de su historia y cultura. Es algo redondo, un circuito con principio, medio y final. Un todo. Por eso tenemos poemas como "La isla en peso", de Virgilio Piñera, y "La isla rota", de Iraida Iturralde. Este libro obedece al mismo fenómeno: es una historia "total" de Cuba, desde Colón hasta Castro. Es un libro de divulgación, para instruir al público norteamericano sobre Cuba. Todos hemos tenido que responder a la pregunta, "¿Cuba es el país y La Habana la capital, o viceversa'". A mí un médico en el Yale New Haven Hospital, cuando le dije que había ido a Cuba, me pregunto, "¿Y pudiste ver Guantánamo cuando despegabas de La Habana'". ¿A setecientas ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The work of Alberto Lescay Merencio (b. 1950) illustrates the tensions and possibilities that have characterized the work of some of the best visual artists in postrevolutionary Cuba. A native of Santiago de Cuba, Lescay is an academically trained painter and sculptor who attended the Escuela Nacional de Arte in Havana and was then selected to take classes at the renowned Repin Academy in what was then Leningrad, in the Soviet Union. According to his student notes, which have been published as Agenda de notas: 1863 días en la URSS (Holguín 2014), his very first assignment at the academy was to reproduce the head of Michelangelo's David. The second day he took art history classes, which were centered on the artistic ... Read More PubDate: 2024-06-29T00:00:00-05:00
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