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  Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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Social Forces
Journal Prestige (SJR): 2.257
Citation Impact (citeScore): 2
Number of Followers: 90  
 
  Hybrid Journal Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0037-7732 - ISSN (Online) 1534-7605
Published by Oxford University Press Homepage  [425 journals]
  • Review of “Just Care: Messy Entanglements of Disability, Dependency,
           and Desire”

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      Pages: e24 - e24
      Abstract: By Akemi Nishida Temple University Press, 2022. 264 pages. https://tupress.temple.edu/books/just-care.
      PubDate: Fri, 24 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad012
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Working Class Experiences of Social Inequalities in (Post-)
           Industrial Landscapes: Feelings of Class”

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      Pages: e16 - e16
      Abstract: Review of “Working Class Experiences of Social Inequalities in (Post-) Industrial Landscapes: Feelings of Class” By Lars Meier London/New York:Routledge, 2021. 176 pages. https://www.routledge.com/Working-Class-Experiences-of-Social-Inequalities-in-Post--Industrial/Meier/p/book/9781138312173
      PubDate: Wed, 08 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad002
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Prisons of Debt: The Afterlives of Incarcerated
           Fathers”

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      Pages: e15 - e15
      Abstract: Review of “Prisons of Debt: The Afterlives of Incarcerated Fathers” By Lynne Haney University of California Press, 2022. 376 pages. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520297265/prisons-of-debt
      PubDate: Wed, 08 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad001
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “The Battle Nearer to Home: The Persistence of School
           Segregation in New York City”

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      Pages: e23 - e23
      Abstract: Review of “The Battle Nearer to Home: The Persistence of School Segregation in New York City” By Christopher Bonastia Stanford University Press, 2022. 328 pages. https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=30789
      PubDate: Tue, 07 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad010
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Webbed Connectivities: The Imperial Sociology of Sex,
           Gender, and Sexuality”

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      Pages: e22 - e22
      Abstract: Review of “Webbed Connectivities: The Imperial Sociology of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality” By Vrushali Patil University of Minnesota Press, 2022, 232 pages. https://www.upress.umn.edu/book-division/books/webbed-connectivities
      PubDate: Thu, 02 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad009
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Come out, Come out, Whoever You Are”

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      Pages: e18 - e18
      Abstract: Review of “Come out, Come out, Whoever You Are” By Abigail C. Saguy Oxford University Press, USA, 2020, 192 pages. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/come-out-come-out-whoever-you-are-9780190931650'cc=us&lang=en&
      PubDate: Thu, 02 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad004
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “The War in Court: Inside the Long Fight against
           Torture”

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      Pages: e25 - e25
      Abstract: Review of “The War in Court: Inside the Long Fight against Torture” By Lisa Hajjar Berkeley, CA:University of California Press, 2022. 376 pages. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520378933/the-war-in-court.
      PubDate: Tue, 31 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad013
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Social Democratic Capitalism and Its Critics

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      Pages: e21 - e21
      Abstract: Social Democratic Capitalism and Its Critics By Lane Kenworthy Review of Social Democratic Capitalism, Oxford University Press, 2019. 304 pages. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/social-democratic-capitalism-9780190064112'cc=us&lang=en& and Would Democratic Socialism Be Better' Oxford University Press, 2022. 240 pages. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/would-democratic-socialism-be-better-9780197636817'cc=us&lang=en&
      PubDate: Tue, 31 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad007
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Racial Baggage: Mexican Immigrants and Race Across the
           Border”

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      Pages: e20 - e20
      Abstract: Review of “Racial Baggage: Mexican Immigrants and Race Across the Border” By Sylvia Zamora Palo Alto, CA:Stanford University Press, 2022, 248 pages. https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=33702.
      PubDate: Sat, 28 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad006
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Academic Outsider: Stories of Exclusion and Hope”

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      Pages: e19 - e19
      Abstract: Review of “Academic Outsider: Stories of Exclusion and Hope” By Victoria Reyes Stanford University Press, 2022, 184 pages. https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=33375
      PubDate: Sun, 22 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad005
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Respectable: Politics and Paradox in Making the Morehouse
           Man”

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      Pages: e17 - e17
      Abstract: Review of “Respectable: Politics and Paradox in Making the Morehouse Man” By Saida Grundy University of California Press, 2022. 356 pages. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520340398/respectable
      PubDate: Sun, 22 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad003
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Building Downtown Los Angeles: The Politics of Race and Place
           in Urban America”

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      Pages: e6 - e6
      Abstract: By Leland T. Saito Stanford University Press, 2022. 266 pages. https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=32535
      PubDate: Mon, 09 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac142
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Autistic Intelligence: Interaction, Individuality, and the
           Challenges of Diagnosis”

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      Pages: e7 - e7
      Abstract: By Douglas W. Maynard and Jason Turowetz University of Chicago Press, 2022; 280 pages. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo125287795.html
      PubDate: Mon, 09 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac143
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Coal, Cages, Crisis: The Rise of the Prison Economy in
           Central Appalachia”

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      Pages: e8 - e8
      Abstract: Review of “Coal, Cages, Crisis: The Rise of the Prison Economy in Central Appalachia” By Judah Schept NYU Press, 2022. 328 pages. https://nyupress.org/9781479858972/coal-cages-crisis/
      PubDate: Sun, 08 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac144
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Koreatown, Los Angeles: Immigration, Race, and the
           American Dream”

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      Pages: e13 - e13
      Abstract: Review of “Koreatown, Los Angeles: Immigration, Race, and the American Dream” By Shelley Sang-Hee Lee Stanford University Press, 2022. 216 pages. https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=32341#:~:text=%22Meticulously%20researched%20and%20crisply%20written,it%20rise%20from%20the%20ashes.%22.
      PubDate: Fri, 06 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac151
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “The Business of Birth: Malpractice and Maternity Care in
           the United States”

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      Pages: e14 - e14
      Abstract: Review of “The Business of Birth: Malpractice and Maternity Care in the United States” By Louise Marie Roth NYU Press, 2021. 336 Pages. $35.00 paper. ISBN: 978–1479877089. https://nyupress.org/9781479877089/the-business-of-birth/
      PubDate: Wed, 04 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac153
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Delivery as Dispossession: Land Occupation and Eviction in
           the Post-Apartheid City”

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      Pages: e12 - e12
      Abstract: Review of “Delivery as Dispossession: Land Occupation and Eviction in the Post-Apartheid City” By Zachary Levenson Oxford University Press, 2022. 294 pages. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/delivery-as-dispossession-9780197629246'cc=us&lang=en&
      PubDate: Wed, 04 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac150
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Dangerous Fun: The Social Lives of Big Wave
           Surfers”

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      Pages: e11 - e11
      Abstract: Review of “Dangerous Fun: The Social Lives of Big Wave Surfers” By Ugo Corte University of Chicago Press, 2022. 272 pages. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/D/bo161019874.html
      PubDate: Wed, 04 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac149
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “The Racialized Social System: Critical Race Theory as
           Social Theory”

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      Pages: e10 - e10
      Abstract: By Ali Meghji United Kingdom. Polity Press, 2022.182 pages. https://www.wiley.com/en-sg/The+Racialized+Social+System:+Critical+Race+Theory+as+Social+Theory-p-9781509539956.
      PubDate: Tue, 03 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac146
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Misconceiving Merit: Paradoxes of Excellence and Devotion in
           Academic Science and Engineering”

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      Pages: e5 - e5
      Abstract: By Mary Blair-Loy and Erin A. Cech The University of Chicago Press, 2022, 232 pages. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo161019313.html
      PubDate: Tue, 03 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac141
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “Unfree: Migrant Domestic Work in Arab States”

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      Pages: e9 - e9
      Abstract: By Rhacel Salazar Parreñas Stanford University Press, 2021, 232 pages. https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=32851
      PubDate: Tue, 03 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac145
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • The Past and Present of Crime Research in Social Forces: How the Sociology
           of Crime Lost its Roots—And Found Them Again

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      Pages: 1609 - 1622
      Abstract: The centennial of Social Forces provides an opportunity to examine change and stability in crime research in one of sociology’s oldest journals. Since the first issue of Social Forces in 1922, crime and punishment have transitioned from marginal topics subsumed under the umbrella of deviance studies to a central research area. This essay traces the intellectual development of crime research as captured in Social Forces’ pages and contrasts it with the growing independence of criminology as an academic field. To do so, I employ two analyses. First, I examine the topical classifications provided by Moody, Edelmann and Light (2022). Second, I expand upon these classifications by using structural topic models (STM) to detect clusters of crime research activity in Social Forces’ abstracts and group them into “eras” of crime research. The analysis reveals a circular development of crime research in Social Forces that reflects broader trends in the sociology of crime. 11 Themes of power, stratification, and punishment oriented early studies on crime. Research attention focused on inequality within the justice system, the effects of juvenile justice contact on criminal labeling and recidivism, and inequalities resulting from justice system contact. However, as crime rates rose throughout the Western world, Social Forces articles sought to explain the causes of crime and evaluate policies designed to cull the crime wave. In recent decades, persistent crime declines combined with growing concern with an oversized prison system have refocused attention on incarceration and its collateral consequences, especially for adolescent well-being and racial and class inequalities. In this way, crime research in Social Forces has returned to core themes of power and stratification that motivated early work in the sociology of crime. It has also distanced itself from individual etiology and policy studies that once dominated the journal’s pages and that continue to appear in specialist outlets.
      PubDate: Sat, 15 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac154
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Four Eras of Studies of Politics and Social Movements in Social Forces

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      Pages: 1623 - 1632
      Abstract: Selected references from this article are available for free public access for 3 months: Johnson (1923) https://doi.org/10.2307/3004961; Beecher (1934) https://doi.org/10.2307/2570227; Deutscher and Deutscher (1955) https://doi.org/10.2307/2573003; Zald and Ash (1966) https://doi.org/10.2307/2575833
      PubDate: Sat, 15 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad034
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • One Hundred Years of Religion in Social Forces

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      Pages: 1633 - 1643
      Abstract: Selected references from this article are available for free public access for 3 months: Mukerjee (1929) https://doi.org/10.2307/2570047; Ackiss (1944) https://doi.org/10.2307/2572147; Idler (1987) https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/66.1.226; Chaves (1994) https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/72.3.749; Edgell et al. (2016) https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sow063
      PubDate: Sat, 15 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad035
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • The Increasing Salience of Health in Social Forces Research

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      Pages: 1644 - 1657
      Abstract: Selected references from this article are available for free public access for 3 months: Gove (1972) https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/51.1.34; Perreira et al. (2005) https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0077; Brown (2018) https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soy013.I; Kane et al. (2018) https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sox079; DeAngelis (2022) https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soab075
      PubDate: Sat, 15 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad036
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2023)
       
  • Review of “The Channels of Student Activism: How the Left and Right Are
           Winning (and Losing) in Campus Politics Today”

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      Pages: e2 - e2
      Abstract: By Amy J. Binder and Jeffrey L. Kidder University of Chicago Press, 2022. 224 pages. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo156715802.html
      PubDate: Tue, 20 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac137
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Review of “Families We Keep: LGBTQ People and Their Enduring Bonds
           with Parents”

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      Pages: e1 - e1
      Abstract: By Rin Reczek and Emma Bosley-Smith NYU Press, 2022, 224 pages. https://nyupress.org/9781479813346/families-we-keep/
      PubDate: Sat, 10 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac134
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Review of “Speculative Communities: Living with Uncertainty in a
           Financialized World”

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      Pages: e4 - e4
      Abstract: By Aris Komporozos-Athanasiou University of Chicago Press, 2022, 240 pages. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo125281793.html
      PubDate: Sat, 10 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac139
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Review of “In the Midst of Things: The Social Lives of Objects in the
           Public Spaces of New York City”

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      Pages: e3 - e3
      Abstract: By Mike Owen Benediktsson Princeton University Press, 2022, 264 pages. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691174334/in-the-midst-of-things
      PubDate: Tue, 06 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac138
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • “I’m Not a Conspiracy Theorist, But…”: Knowledge and Conservative
           Politics in Unsettled Times

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      Pages: 1658 - 1681
      Abstract: How does conspiracist thinking become appealing to its adherents, and with what political consequences' Drawing on fifty in-depth interviews with gun sellers from April 2020 to August 2020, this paper examines conspiracist thinking among US conservatives. We present a sociological account that follows historian Richard Hofstadter’s early account in theorizing conspiracist thinking as a “style” of politics on the Right. Turning to the sociology of culture and political sociology, we examine conspiracist thinking as a tool of political sense-making that becomes particularly appealing during “unsettled” insecurity. We focus on conservative adherents to conspiracist thinking, examining how conspiracist thinking is mobilized to assert feelings of control and certainty in ways that reinforce allegiance to conservative values and repudiation of partisan opponents. Specifically, we theorize conspiracist thinking as an everyday practice of meaning-making (an epistemological practice) which responds to conditions of unsettled insecurity that reflects existing conservative “modes of thought” (e.g., anti-elitist skepticism) and also reinforces conservative sentiments through two mechanisms: epistemological individualism and epistemological othering. Extending existing accounts of conspiracism, our analysis illuminates how conspiracist thinking—as an active, and self-reinforcing, struggle for epistemological control amid contexts of information scarcity and uncertainty—has come to shape American politics from the bottom up.
      PubDate: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac082
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • The Topography of Subnational Inequality

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      Pages: 1682 - 1711
      Abstract: In this study, I examine inequality divergence, or the inequality of inequalities across local labor markets. While divergence trends of central tendencies such as per capita income have been well documented, less is known about the descriptive trends or contributing mechanisms for inequality itself. In this study, I construct wage inequality measures in 722 commuting zones covering the entire contiguous United States across 22 waves of Census and American Community Survey data from 1940 to 2019 to assess the historical trends of inequality divergence. I synthesize counterfactual and variance decomposition techniques to develop main conclusions. Results show two eras, one of convergence between 1950 and 1990, and divergence between 1990 and 2019, resulting in rates of divergence today as high as any time in the past 80 years. With a brief exception from 1990 to 2007, most changes occurred through the geographical mobility of wages across labor markets. In the 1950–1990 period, this primarily occurred through equalization of wages across regions and within the US South, while the takeoff of highly urban and unequal labor markets made a novel contribution to the 1990–2019 era. In total, results point to the fundamental importance of what I term the topography of inequality, or the contours of inequality levels across spatial locations and the change in the size and location of peaks and valleys across time, for understanding the full nature of long run inequality change.
      PubDate: Thu, 14 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac074
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • The Variable Disadvantage of Nonstandard Employment for Entering
           Homeownership in Russia and Urban China: The Potential Role of Mortgage
           Prevalence

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      Pages: 1712 - 1743
      Abstract: Nonstandard employment (NSE) is a disadvantage for entry into homeownership because it is associated with both lower average income and greater uncertainty of future income. These features of NSE make formal mortgage loans from banks riskier to take on and harder to obtain. This mechanism implies that the relative disadvantage of NSE for homeownership entry is greater in societies where, due to institutional and macro-economic factors, mortgages are a more prevalent means to acquire homes. We test these theoretical expectations by analyzing entry to homeownership using panel surveys from Russia and urban China, two former state socialist countries with comparable labor market regulations, housing regimes, and welfare protections, but different mortgage prevalence. NSE is associated with lowers rates of entering homeownership in urban China, where mortgages are far more common, but not in Russia. Moreover, this negative effect in urban China pertains only to home acquisitions via mortgages, not to homeownership entry via other paths. Our findings broaden sociological understanding of how NSE contributes to inequality by highlighting the role of income uncertainty. They also suggest that cross-national differences in financial institutions may moderate the disadvantages of NSE and thus shape the consequences of market transition for stratification.
      PubDate: Thu, 08 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac135
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Differentiated Egalitarianism: The Impact of Paid Family Leave Policy on
           Women’s and Men’s Paid and Unpaid Work

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      Pages: 1744 - 1771
      Abstract: The birth of a new child continues to exacerbate gender specialization among different-sex couples. This study considers the potential of paid leave policies to intervene in this key life-course juncture and promote greater gender equality in paid and unpaid work. While previous research has examined the impact of paid leave policies on paid or unpaid work among mothers or fathers separately, this study provides an integrated framework and examines comprehensively how these benefits shape both mothers' and fathers' paid and unpaid work outcomes. I use data from the Current Population Survey 1990–2020 and the American Time Use Survey 2003–2019 and quasi-experimental differences-in-differences models to examine the impact of the introduction of paid leave policies in California and New Jersey. The results show that the policy increased mothers’ and fathers’ short-term time off from paid work after new births, increased mothers’ care work more than fathers’, and increased fathers’ housework more than mothers’. I call this pattern differentiated egalitarianism, denoting changes increasing men’s involvement in housework while simultaneously reproducing mothers’ primary caregiver role.
      PubDate: Sat, 06 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac081
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Gender Inequality in Lifetime Earnings

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      Pages: 1772 - 1802
      Abstract: Although vast, most research on gender earnings gaps uses cross-sectional data for year-round full-time workers; therefore, little is known about the dynamics of gender inequality in lifetime earnings. To address this lacuna, this article analyzes data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1968 to 2017, to investigate the extent, trends and explanations of gender inequality in lifetime earnings both within and across five birth cohorts born between 1930 and 1979. I find that the lifetime gap sharply declined until the 1960s birth cohort, with little change thereafter. Unpacking trends throughout the lifecycle shows that this stalled gender convergence is driven by increasing gender earnings inequality throughout the prime working years of those born in the 1960s and 1970s. Decomposition of the lifetime earnings gap further reveals that gender differences in the number of hours worked throughout one’s working life is a more important factor for younger rather than older generations—despite gender convergence in lifetime labor force attachment across cohorts. On the other hand, gender inequality in stop-outs during early career has become a less relevant factor in explaining earnings differences for younger generations. These findings draw attention to the value of examining gender inequality as a cumulative long-term process.
      PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac060
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • What Explains Socioeconomic Disparities in Early Pregnancy Rates'

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      Pages: 1803 - 1833
      Abstract: In this study, we integrate diverse structural, social psychological, and relational perspectives to develop and test a comprehensive framework of the processes that make early pregnancy a socially stratified phenomenon. Drawing on rich panel data collected among a sample of 940 18- to 20-year-old women from a county in Michigan, we estimate nested hazard models and formal mediation analyses to simultaneously elucidate the extent to which different mechanisms explain disparities in early pregnancy rates across maternal education levels—a key indicator of socioeconomic status. Together, our distal mechanisms explain 53 and 31 percent of the difference in pregnancy rates between young women whose mothers graduated college and young women whose mothers graduated and did not graduate high school, respectively. Reproductive desires, norms, and attitudes, relationship contexts, and educational opportunities and environment each link maternal education to young women’s odds of pregnancy. Self-efficacy, however, plays only a modest role; while contraceptive affordability and knowledge are not significant pathways. These findings bring into focus the most prominent intervening mechanisms through which socioeconomic circumstances shape young women’s likelihood of becoming pregnant during the transition to adulthood.
      PubDate: Thu, 22 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac102
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Placing Caste: Spatialization, Urban Segregation, and Musical
           Boundary-Making

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      Pages: 1834 - 1855
      Abstract: In the face of India’s enduring caste inequalities, their entrenchment or resistance is central to social and urban navigation. In this article, I locate music as an important site to investigate how caste comes to be spatialized, where place identity comes to symbolize group difference, with the effect of exacerbating social and spatial segregation. I use ethnographic field notes from attending musical events and 103 interviews with members of two live musical worlds situated in the southern city of Chennai: Carnatic music, which is seen as the preserve of Brahmin, or “upper” caste residents of the city; and Gaana music, which is associated with Dalit, or previously “untouchable” caste urban residents. I argue that for caste elites, symbolic power is constructed and maintained through norms and boundary work, thus producing hegemonic place identity and cultural power. For the caste oppressed, caste discrimination is experienced as stigmatized place identity, which is variously managed, reappropriated, or rejected through a range of strategies. The persistence of place-based stigma to devalue caste identity shapes the experience of caste-based urban inequalities that obstruct marginalized communities’ right to the city. In recent years, Gaana musicians are using their music to protest caste-based urban segregation, indexing the rise of a cultural articulation of an anti-caste assertion that challenges the marginalization of urban Dalits. This article advances sociological understandings of the forms that urban segregation can take when layered with caste as an axis of social difference and conceptualizes spatialization of caste as a driver of urban segregation.
      PubDate: Thu, 22 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac103
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • The Geography of Gentrification and Residential Mobility

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      Pages: 1856 - 1887
      Abstract: Gentrification research often starts with the hypothesis that gentrification causes displacement of a neighborhood’s original residents, particularly low-income and vulnerable residents. Recent research based on large-scale quantitative data suggests that the displacement effects of gentrification for low-income residents evident from case studies and qualitative data are modest at the macroscale. We use geocoded microdata from the American Community Survey to investigate the association between gentrification and residential mobility in the 2010s, the time period following the Great Recession. Our large national sample allows us to consider heterogeneity in the association between gentrification and residential mobility, investigating differential association by distinct clusters of metropolitan areas. We find a modest positive significant association between moderate and intense gentrification and residential mobility in our full national sample. The national estimates, however, mask considerable heterogeneity in the association between gentrification and residential mobility in different types of metropolitan areas. College Town and Retirement Destination metros see the largest positive association between gentrification and residential mobility, while Large Coastal and Large Southern/Midwestern metros experience a more modest positive association. We find weak or no significant association in Inland Empire/Texas Border metros. We heed a call for more investigation of heterogeneity in neighborhood processes across different contexts.
      PubDate: Sat, 27 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac086
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Paws on the Street: Neighborhood-Level Concentration of Households with
           Dogs and Urban Crime

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      Pages: 1888 - 1917
      Abstract: The formative work of Jane Jacobs underscores the combination of “eyes on the street” and trust between residents in deterring crime. Nevertheless, little research has assessed the effects of residential street monitoring on crime due partly to a lack of data measuring this process. We argue that neighborhood-level rates of households with dogs captures part of the residential street monitoring process core to Jacobs’ hypotheses and test whether this measure is inversely associated with property and violent crime rates. Data from a large-scale marketing survey of Columbus, OH, USA residents (2013; n = 43,078) are used to measure census block group-level (n = 595) rates of households with dogs. Data from the Adolescent Health and Development in Context study are used to measure neighborhood-level rates of trust. Consistent with Jacobs’ hypotheses, results indicate that neighborhood concentration of households with dogs is inversely associated with robbery, homicide, and, to a less consistent degree, aggravated assault rates within neighborhoods high in trust. In contrast, results for property crime suggest that the inverse association of dog concentration is independent of levels of neighborhood trust. These associations are observed net of controls for neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics, temporally lagged crime, and spatial lags of trust and dog concentration. This study offers suggestive evidence of crime deterrent benefits of local street monitoring and dog presence and calls attention to the contribution of pets to other facets of neighborhood social organization.
      PubDate: Sat, 25 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac059
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Contextual Origins of Black-White Educational Disparities in the 21st
           Century: Evaluating Long-Term Disadvantage Across Three Domains

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      Pages: 1918 - 1947
      Abstract: How much do black-white educational disparities reflect differences in family, school, and neighborhood contexts' We use 16 years of statewide student administrative data from Michigan to update this classic sociological question with attention to observed racial differences in the duration of exposure to contextual disadvantage. We show that a longitudinal measure of family economic disadvantage explains significantly more of the black-white gap in test scores, high school completion, and college entry than a cross-sectional measure commonly used in education research. Racial differences in school context—much more than differences in neighborhood context—explain a large portion of remaining black-white educational disparities. Controlling for black-white differences in exposure to disadvantage across all three contexts reduces 8th and 11th grade test score gaps by over 60% and completely reverses educational attainment gaps, revealing a black net advantage. Our results demonstrate the need to incorporate longitudinal measures in educational administrative data and suggest that schools play a substantial role, after family disadvantage, in the persistence of racial educational inequality. More broadly, our study amplifies the argument that undoing systemic racism will require a confrontation with the deep contextual roots of black-white inequality in the 21st century.
      PubDate: Sat, 01 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac098
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • A Gendered and Racialized Educational Hierarchy: Disparities in Elementary
           School Teachers’ Perceptions of Student Behavior

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      Pages: 1948 - 1975
      Abstract: This paper uses an intersectional framework to account for the degree to which race, when intersecting gender, relates to teachers’ evaluations of US elementary school children over time. Drawing on longitudinal data from the 2011 Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten cohort, we employ growth curve modeling to study descriptive trends in teacher perceptions of student behavior from kindergarten through fifth grade. We find that educators’ perceptions of White, Asian American, and Latinx girls increase over time, while their perceptions of Black girls remain flat. Meanwhile, a different longitudinal trend emerges among boys. Although teachers’ views of Black boys decrease over time, their views of other boys increase to the levels of Black girls, or higher, by the end of fifth grade. This analysis reveals how teachers’ perceptions coalesce into an emerging hierarchy that—by the end of fifth grade—most sharply contrasts the behavior of Asian American girls and Black boys. Our intersectional approach and the theoretical framework informing it underscore the limits to considering how educators distinguish students by gender or race alone. Together, gender and race more fully account for differences in how educators perceive student behavior over time.
      PubDate: Thu, 01 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac095
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • The Demographics of School District Secession

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      Pages: 1976 - 2012
      Abstract: School segregation has been a topic of significant sociological research in the United States. Less attention has been devoted to understanding the relationship between school district inequalities and secession, a political tool that forms new boundaries after a formal withdrawal from an existing school district. This paper analyzes the school district secession attempts that have occurred since the year 2000 using national data and builds upon qualitative research and case studies focused on a single region or metropolitan area. Drawing on social closure theory, I explore the community characteristics associated with secession attempts. To do so, I create a measure of social imbalance that leverages the geographic variation between places attempting a secession and the school districts they are nested within. Results indicate that the percentage of residents with a college degree is among the strongest predictors of secession attempts, highlighting the salience of educational attainment at the population-level for selecting into the use of this political tool. Results also indicate that school districts successfully created through secession cleave onto racial and economic divides for both the residential and student populations, driven by secessions located in the South. School district secession processes elucidate the many pathways by which school segregation is produced and perpetuated, including micro-level school and neighborhood selection decisions, jurisdictional restructuring of district boundaries, and the national and state-level legal landscape.
      PubDate: Sat, 30 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac069
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Ritualizing Nonreligion: Cultivating Rational Rituals in Secular Spaces

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      Pages: 2013 - 2033
      Abstract: As the religious landscape in the United States continues to change, and as more Americans leave organized religion, scholars have raised important questions about the role of ritual in secular spaces and whether or not religious decline will result in a decline in meaningful ritual practices. As ritual is often conflated with religion, it is often also assumed that nonreligious people are uninterested in rituals because they are committed to science, rationality, and materialism. And many believe this means that the nonreligious live “disenchanted” lives with no means for experiencing greater meaning, transcendence, or spirituality. Drawing on an ethnographic case study of ritual creation at a secular congregation called the Sunday Assembly, I disrupt these presumed dichotomies between rationality/ritual and science/spirituality. I show how atheists and agnostics at the Sunday Assembly are secularizing religious rituals, as well as creating new secular rituals, by relying on the scientific method and a trial-and-error approach to ritual creation. In doing so, they are producing experiences of transcendence, collective effervescence, and “secular spirituality.” And I show how these “rational rituals” are often seen by nonreligious people as being more meaningful than religious rituals because of the work that goes into their creation. I argue that the Sunday Assembly is an illustrative case for shedding new light on the ritual creation process, and my findings contribute to discussions about how nonreligious people negotiate what many assume are conflicting discourses of science and religion as they create meaningful secular rituals.
      PubDate: Sun, 15 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac042
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Religious Decline as a Population Dynamic: Generational Replacement and
           Religious Attendance in Europe

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      Pages: 2034 - 2058
      Abstract: Nothing puzzles sociologists of religion more than the reasons and the patterns behind religious change. In the literature on secularization processes, it is broadly accepted that ongoing modernization has undermined many of the pillars of institutional religions, leading to widespread religious decline. While a considerable body of research investigates the “why(s)” of this decline, the main focus of this paper is on the “how.” Drawing on CARPE, a harmonized dataset concerning church attendance with almost 2 million observations spanning over 40 years in 39 European countries, this article disentangles the contributions of period change and cohort replacement to the general religious decline. It shows that this decline reflects a real population dynamic based on generational replacement. It is not historical events or developments affecting everyone that undermine religion: new and less religious cohorts are replacing old and more religious ones. Like many other population dynamics, this process is described by an S-shaped curve and applies—with different speeds and levels—to almost all the European countries considered herein. These findings suggest that the effects of the processes of modernization on the mechanisms of religious socialization should be scrutinized more carefully when studying the reasons behind religious decline.
      PubDate: Sun, 11 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac099
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Fear of Religious Hate Crime Victimization and the Residual Effects of
           Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia

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      Pages: 2059 - 2086
      Abstract: An individual’s fear of hate crime victimization might be partially explained by direct experiences that influence their assessment of victimization risk. In some cases, though, fear of hate crime victimization is driven not by direct, personal experiences, but by historical and contemporary trauma suffered by those holding the targeted status. Using data from the 2019 nationally representative Experiences with Religious Discrimination Study (ERDS) survey, we show that part of Jewish and Muslim adults’ greater fears of victimization is explained by their past personal victimization experiences, their knowledge of close friends and family who have been victimized, and their greater religious visibility. Still, even after accounting for these factors, Jewish and Muslim adults report greater fears of religious hate crime victimization compared to Christian adults. We attribute this residual fear to the culture of anti-Semitism and Islamophobia within the United States and violence attributable to that culture, as well as the collective memory of historical religion-based victimization of Muslim and Jewish communities. These findings suggest the collective memory and knowledge of contemporary religious victimization may continue to affect Jewish and Muslim adults via a mechanism of fear, which has implications for scholarly and policy efforts to decrease religious victimization and its impact.
      PubDate: Fri, 16 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac100
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Opposition Avoidance or Mutual Engagement' The Interdependent Dynamics
           between Opposing Transnational LGBT+ Networks

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      Pages: 2087 - 2116
      Abstract: Embeddedness within transnational networks influences how countries govern LGBT+ communities. Research commonly highlights how pro-LGBT+ networks enable the expansion of rights; however, increased transnational coordination between anti-LGBT+ actors means network embeddedness also leads to policy backlash. Therefore, an important question to ask is: why are countries differentially embedded within these opposing networks to begin with' Moreover, does embeddedness in one network influence embeddedness in the other over time' To answer these questions, I develop original datasets of transnational pro- and anti-LGBT+ networks from 1990 to 2018. Using cross-lagged and dynamic panel models, results reveal that there is indeed an interdependent relationship where opposing networks mutually engage, or “follow,” one another; however, these patterns vary across region. These results give insights into how countries exist in tension between these opposing networks and can help illuminate where expansion and backlash may transpire. While focused on LGBT+ networks, these findings give insights into tensions over (il)liberalism and gender justice occurring within the international community.
      PubDate: Fri, 08 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac068
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Who are the “Immigrants”': How Whites’ Diverse Perceptions of
           Immigrants Shape Their Attitudes

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      Pages: 2117 - 2146
      Abstract: Past scholars find that there is a public consensus in the United States on the traits of ideal immigrants. Nevertheless, is there also a consensus on the perceived traits of actual immigrants living in the country' Further, are these perceptions attitudinally consequential' We find no consensus among whites on the composition of the immigrant population in the United States. Further, the immigrant traits they perceive are correlated in specific stereotypical patterns we label “immigrant archetypes.” Using latent class analysis, we find five archetypes. Two of them are extreme—one represents a high-status, documented non-Latino immigrant, which is associated with the most positive immigration attitudes. The other extreme represents a low-status, undocumented Latino man, which is associated with the most restrictionist immigration views. Nevertheless, a second Latino archetype, a better-educated and documented Latina woman working to support her family, is correlated with more positive attitudes than her male counterpart. Archetypes do not seem entirely rooted in objective reality and are stronger predictors of immigration attitudes than most other independent variables. Their existence has significant implications for public opinion dynamics. When researchers, politicians, or journalists reference a single immigrant trait, they may knowingly or unknowingly conjure up entire archetypes in people’s minds.
      PubDate: Sat, 08 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac113
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • From Secrecy to Public Containment: The Role of Hybrid Spaces in the
           Governance of Nuclear Crises in France

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      Pages: 2147 - 2173
      Abstract: How do some large-scale adverse events receive major media coverage and become crises for public actors while others are treated as routine events' This article reinvestigates this question based on a case study of the media treatment in France of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents. Drawing on an original set of media data and an ethnographic study, the article shows how both accidents were subject to forms of opacity that limit their effects on nuclear institutions: Chernobyl has been treated through secrecy that leads to contestation of nuclear institutions, whereas Fukushima has been characterized by “public containment,” relying on extensive publication but low-priority and uncontroversial narratives that do not reflect the stakes of a given policy field. This paper explains the role of Fukushima in France through institutional transformations that public actors engaged in following Chernobyl to reestablish the credibility of public information sources and to monitor public debates over nuclear accidents by developing “hybrid” spaces, located at the interface of organizational frontstages and backstages. This case shows how responding to transparency demands may sometimes create new forms of opacity by reducing the epistemic quality of public debates while containing political crises.
      PubDate: Fri, 02 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac087
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
  • Correction to: The Geography of Gentrification and Residential Mobility

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      Pages: 2174 - 2174
      Abstract: This is a correction to: Hyojung Lee, Kristin L Perkins, The Geography of Gentrification and Residential Mobility, Social Forces, 2022;, soac086, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soac086
      PubDate: Tue, 11 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT
      DOI: 10.1093/sf/soac122
      Issue No: Vol. 101, No. 4 (2022)
       
 
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