Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 0037-7732 - ISSN (Online) 1534-7605 Published by Oxford University Press[425 journals]
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Pages: e17 - e17 Abstract: Review of “Orange-Collar Labor: Work and Inequality in Prison” By Michael Gibson-Light Oxford University Press, 2022, 240 pages, Prices: $110 (cloth) and $26.99 (paper), https://global.oup.com/academic/product/orange-collar-labor-9780190055394'cc=us&lang=en&. PubDate: Wed, 16 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad086 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e15 - e15 Abstract: By Zai Liang University of California Press, 2023, 216 pages. Prices (Cloth and Paper): $85.00 (hardcover); $29.95 (paperback), https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520384972/from-chinatown-to-every-town PubDate: Tue, 15 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad084 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e19 - e19 Abstract: By Margaret K. Nelson NYU Press, 2022, 256 pages. Prices: $30.00 (hardcover), https://nyupress.org/9781479815623/keeping-family-secrets/ PubDate: Tue, 15 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad088 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e16 - e16 Abstract: Review of “On the Emergence of an Ecological Class: A Memo” By Bruno Latour and Nikolaj Schultz; translated by: Julie Rose (Translated by) Polity Press, 2023. 80 pages. Prices (cloth and paper): $45.00 (hardcover); $12.99 (paperback), https://www.wiley.com/en-us/On+the+Emergence+of+an+Ecological+Class%3A+A+Memo-p-9781509555062 PubDate: Sat, 12 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad085 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e18 - e18 Abstract: Review of “The Continuing Storm: Learning from Katrina” By Kai Erikson and Lori Peek University of Texas Press, 2022. 160 pages. Prices: $27.95 (paperback). https://utpress.utexas.edu/9781477324349/ PubDate: Sat, 12 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad087 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e20 - e20 Abstract: Review of “Joy and Pain: A Story of Black Life and Liberation in Five Albums” By Damien M. Sojoyner University of California Press, 2022, 248 pages. Prices (cloth and paper): $85.00 (hardcover); $26.95 (paperback), https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520390423/joy-and-pain PubDate: Sat, 12 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad089 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e25 - e25 Abstract: Review of “Popular Politics and the Path to Durable Democracy” By Mohammad Ali Kadivar Princeton University Press, 2022, 192 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $120.00 (hardcover); $35.00 (paperback), https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691229133/popular-politics-and-the-path-to-durable-democracy. PubDate: Sat, 12 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad094 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e22 - e22 Abstract: By Daniel Hatcher University of California Press, 2023. 256 pages. Prices (cloth and paper): $85 (cloth)/$29.95 (paper). https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520396050/injustice-inc PubDate: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad091 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e24 - e24 Abstract: By Christopher T. Conner and David R. Dickens Lexington Books, 2023, 150 pages. Prices:$95.00 (hardback), https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781793620392/Electronic-Dance-Music-From-Deviant-Subculture-to-Culture-Industry. PubDate: Fri, 11 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad093 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e21 - e21 Abstract: By Melanie Heath Stanford University Press, 2023, 292 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $90.00 (hardcover); $28.00 (paperback), https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=31248. PubDate: Thu, 10 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad090 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e23 - e23 Abstract: By Matthew Norton University of Chicago Press, 2023. 240 pages. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo183687078.html, Prices (cloth and paper): $99.00 (cloth); $30.00 (paper). PubDate: Thu, 10 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad092 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e14 - e14 Abstract: Review of “Eco-Types: Five Ways of Caring About the Environment” By Emily H. Kennedy Princeton University Press, 2022, 280 pages, $33.00 (hardcover), https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691239569/eco-types. PubDate: Wed, 14 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad081 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e11 - e11 Abstract: Review of “Group Life: An Invitation to Local Sociology” By Gary Alan Fine and Tim Hallett Polity Press; 2022, 224 pages; $64.95 (hardcover); $22.95 (paperback). https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Group+Life:+An+Invitation+to+Local+Sociology-p-9781509554140. PubDate: Thu, 01 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad076 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e12 - e12 Abstract: Review of “Making Sense: Markets from Stories in New Breast Cancer Therapeutics” By Sophie Mützel Stanford University Press; 2022; 230 pages, $90.00 (hardcover); $30.00 (paperback). https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=34849&local_ref=new. PubDate: Thu, 01 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad077 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e13 - e13 Abstract: Review of “Emerging global cities: origin, structure and significance” By Alejandro Portes and Ariel C. Armony Columbia University Press, 2022, 368 pages, $140.00 (hardcover), $35.00 (paperback). http://cup.columbia.edu/book/emerging-global-cities/9780231205177. PubDate: Sat, 27 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad078 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e10 - e10 Abstract: Review of “The Political Economy of Organ Transplantation: Where do Organs Come from'” By Hagai Boas Routledge, 2022, 214 pages. https://www.routledge.com/The-Political-Economy-of-Organ-Transplantation-Where-Do-Organs-Come-From/Boas/p/book/9781032265674# PubDate: Sat, 27 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad072 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e9 - e9 Abstract: Review of “Conflicted Care: Doctors Navigating Patient Welfare, Finances, and Legal Risk” By Hyeyoung Oh Nelson Stanford University Press, 2022. 210 pages. https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=31922 PubDate: Thu, 25 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad071 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e8 - e8 Abstract: Review of “Seeking Western Men: Email-order Brides Under China’s Global Rise” By Monica Liu Stanford University Press, 2022. 258 pages. https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=35148 PubDate: Thu, 18 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad070 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e6 - e6 Abstract: Review of “Can We Unlearn Racism': What South Africa Teaches Us about Whiteness” By Jacob R. Boersema Stanford University Press, 2022. 320 pages. https://www.sup.org/books/precart/'id=31759 PubDate: Mon, 15 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad068 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e7 - e7 Abstract: Review of “Gendered Pluralism” By Belinda Robnett and Katherine Tate University of Michigan Press, 2023. 200 pages. https://www.press.umich.edu/12036498/gendered_pluralism PubDate: Mon, 08 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad069 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e4 - e4 Abstract: By Christopher Prener Fordham University Press, 2022, 304 pages. https://www.fordhampress.com/9781531501082/medicine-at-the-margins/ PubDate: Wed, 03 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad058 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e5 - e5 Abstract: Review of “Prisons and Health in the Age of Mass Incarceration” By Jason Schnittker, Michael Massoglia and Christopher Uggen Oxford University Press, 2022, 200 pages. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/prisons-and-health-in-the-age-of-mass-incarceration-9780190603823'cc=us&lang=en& PubDate: Fri, 28 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad059 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e3 - e3 Abstract: Review of: “Making Gender Salient: From Gender Quota Laws to Policy” By Ana Catalano Weeks Cambridge University Press, 2022. 300 pages. https://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/comparative-politics/making-gender-salient-gender-quota-laws-policy'format=HB PubDate: Fri, 21 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad056 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e1 - e1 Abstract: By Abby Day Oxford University Press, 2022. 256 pages. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/why-baby-boomers-turned-from-religion-9780192866684'cc=us&lang=en PubDate: Thu, 20 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad054 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: e2 - e2 Abstract: By Doug Meyer University of California Press, 2022. 272 pages. $85 (hardcover); $29.95 (paper). https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520384705/violent-differences. PubDate: Sat, 15 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad055 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 403 - 429 Abstract: AbstractWorld income inequality is comprised of uneven development between states and unequal distribution within states. Recent work shows that the “between-country” component still accounts for a majority of the total, but that attention is shifting to the “within-country” portion, which is growing in both absolute and relative terms. What is less appreciated, though, is that the way income is distributed within countries also plays an indirect role in how income differences are recognized between them. When a nation’s income distribution is highly unequal, its mean income is substantially larger than the income of its average person, thereby masking a depreciation in living standards for those residing in the middle. The practical effect of this distortion is that poor, unequal countries seem wealthier than they really are when using mean incomes to represent country averages, as is typically done. I address this shortcoming in prior work by estimating between-country inequality using median incomes. My analysis covers the 1990–2017 period for 123 countries that represent over 90 percent of the world’s population. According to Theil’s T, I find that (a) inequality in median incomes is almost 15 percent higher than inequality in mean incomes, and that (b) median incomes are converging about 7.5 percent more slowly than mean incomes. This translates to a higher level of world income inequality, which is likewise converging at a slower rate. Overall, I find that the direct and indirect effects of national inequality are now responsible for about half of the world’s income inequality. PubDate: Sat, 06 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad051 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 430 - 453 Abstract: AbstractDisaster aid is an increasingly costly form of social spending and an often-overlooked way that welfare states manage new forms of risk related to climate change. In this article, I argue that disaster aid programs engender racial and socioeconomic inequalities through a process of assistance access constituted by distinct state logics, administrative burdens, and bureaucratic actors. I test this claim empirically by analyzing 5.37 million applicant records from FEMA’s Individuals and Households Program (IHP) from 2005 to 2016. Results demonstrate that key institutional features—the conditions of eligibility and sufficiency, burdens of proof, and assessments by contracted inspectors—combine in a stepwise process to funnel permanent repair resources to homeowners in whiter communities, while temporary rental aid is granted disproportionately to households in communities of color. Analyses of denial codes suggest racial disparities in appraisals of disaster damage. Among those approved for aid, more benefits accrue to those from comparatively higher income communities, and a decoupling of permanent and temporary housing aid further stratifies socioeconomic growth during recovery. Theoretically, this research advances an account of institutional processes transferable to other analyses of social programs, and it introduces climate risk as a new form of social risk against which welfare states insure citizens. PubDate: Mon, 10 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad050 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 454 - 474 Abstract: AbstractPositive assortative mating may be a driver of wealth inequalities, but this relationship has not yet been examined. We investigate the association between assortative mating and wealth inequality within and between households drawing on data from the United States Survey of Income and Program Participation and measuring current, individual-level wealth for newly formed couples (N = 3936 couples). We find that partners positively sort according to wealth over and above sorting by age, race, education, and income. In the absence of assortative mating according to wealth, the Gini coefficient for between-household wealth inequality would be 7 percent lower. Wealth inequalities would thus remain high if couples did not match by wealth. We find a within-household wealth gap of about USD 23,000 to the disadvantage of women. Whereas the within-household wealth gap would be markedly greater for women at the bottom and in the middle of the female wealth distribution without assortative mating, we also find that women would have a substantial wealth advantage under random matching at the top of the female wealth distribution. PubDate: Tue, 16 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad064 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 475 - 495 Abstract: AbstractThe instability of fathers’ co-residence with children has become an increasingly prevalent experience for U.S. families. Despite long-standing scholarship examining the relationship between fatherhood and wage advantages, few studies have investigated how variation in fathers’ stable co-residence with a child may produce temporal changes in the wage premium over the life course. Building on prior explanations of the fatherhood wage premium, I test if the wage premium grows with time since the birth of a resident child and if the premium depends on fathers’ co-residence with a child. I use marginal structural models with repeated outcome measures and data from 4060 men in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to assess the cumulative influence of co-residential biological fatherhood on wages. I find that each year of residential fatherhood is associated with a wage gain of 1.2 percent, while the immediate wage benefit to residential fatherhood is minor. Thus, the fatherhood premium is better understood as an unfolding process of cumulative advantage rather than a one-time bonus. Furthermore, the wage premium ceases to accumulate once fathers lose co-residential status with a child, which highlights the contingency of the premium on stable co-residence. Together, these findings shed light on one pathway through which family (in)stability—a phenomenon fundamentally embedded in individual life experiences—stratifies men’s wages across the life course. PubDate: Thu, 18 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad066 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 496 - 516 Abstract: AbstractTo understand the persistence of racial disparities in the United States, inequality scholars have increasingly focused attention on historic regimes of violence and social control. In particular, a burgeoning literature examines the legacy of slavery, generally finding that where slavery was deeply entrenched, today racial inequalities and African-American deprivation are more acute. However, taking seriously the notion that history matters means considering not only the lingering effects of dehumanizing social control institutions like slavery but also the ramifications of antebellum institutions and cultures of resistance and resilience African Americans built for survival. Using quantitative methods, I examine the relationship between antebellum free African-American populations and racial inequalities in modern state-sanctioned social control. Focusing on the understudied Northeast, a region where free African-American communities flourished despite coexisting with slavery, I find that where free African Americans were more prevalent—and, thus, resistance to White’s social control efforts and resilience in the face of White hostility more robust—those same areas today display reduced levels of racial inequality in social control (i.e., lower Black–White arrest rate disparities) and reduced absolute levels of minority social control (i.e., lower African-American arrest rates). Mediation analyses reveal contemporary civil rights infrastructure, Black congregations, and Black political power operate as structural safeguards and are important components of the legacies of resistance and resilience left by free African Americans. PubDate: Mon, 15 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad062 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 517 - 538 Abstract: AbstractThis study examines the creation of Black communities in the context of the Exoduster movement, the first major migration of African Americans out of the southern and border states. We focus initially on Nicodemus, Kansas, a site with well-preserved archival information, and then turn to census microdata on roughly three-hundred African-American communities that emerged in Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma between 1880 and 1920. Analysis of these communities informs a general model of minority-majority group relations that is differentiated along two dimensions: spatial segregation and the distinctiveness of business activities. Under conditions of prejudice from the majority ethno-racial group, the model predicts that rates of minority business proprietorship and community growth will increase with segregation and distinctiveness, but that the joint occurrence of these conditions presents an existential threat. We draw conclusions for the trajectories of several well-known Black communities, including Nicodemus, Tulsa, and Langston, Oklahoma. PubDate: Thu, 18 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad065 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 539 - 560 Abstract: AbstractResearchers have long documented a persistent Black–White gap in wealth. These studies, however, often treat race as a discrete category, eluding its socially constructed nature. As a result, these studies assume that the “effect of race” is consistent across all individuals racialized as Black. Studies that make this assumption potentially obscure heterogeneity in the size of the Black–White wealth gap. Research on skin color stratification suggests that it is possible that the Black–White wealth gap varies by the extent to which a racial subgroup is deemed to fit the broader racial umbrella. In turn, I adopt a more complex operationalization of race that is based on both racial and skin tone appraisals. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, I find that the Black–White wealth gap does vary by the Black skin tone subgroup. Generally, the Black–White gap in assets is smallest when focusing on lighter-skin Black people and largest when focusing on darker-skin Black people. These differences are not only the result of initial disadvantage but also cumulative disadvantage in the rate of wealth accumulation. Lastly, the findings suggest that the Black–White wealth gaps grow at a faster rate than the skin tone wealth gaps. I found that differences were robust to adjustments for parental socioeconomic status, childhood background, and interviewer characteristics. I conclude by discussing the theoretical implications for our understanding of the mechanisms undergirding Black–White disparities in wealth attainment. PubDate: Mon, 13 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad038 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 561 - 585 Abstract: AbstractThis study evaluates how homicide, racial threat, and media discourse interacted to shape the timing and persistence of prison growth in the United States. Drawing on Blumer’s classic work, I argue that media discourse circulates threat narratives that portray racial minorities as either economically, politically, or criminally threatening. Criminal threat narratives increase in response to highly salient crimes, like homicide, and exert institutionally specific pressures that increase incarceration. To evaluate these claims, I use machine learning to classify 1,026,862 news articles in accordance with economic, political, and criminal threat themes in a time series analysis of the national incarceration rate between 1926 and 2016. Results reveal that the period of prison growth is characterized by an influx of criminal threat narratives that coincides with increases in the homicide rate. Criminal threat narratives and the homicide rate both have sizable long-term effects on the incarceration rate, whereas economic and political threat narratives have little explanatory power. Further analyses show that criminal threat narratives account for roughly half of the effect of the homicide rate on incarceration, and that the homicide rate has an indirect effect on racial disparity in prison admissions by acting through criminal threat narratives. These findings support core theoretical claims and expand our understanding of the complex interaction between racial threat and homicide in the historical rise of incarceration. PubDate: Tue, 14 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad022 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 586 - 608 Abstract: AbstractBereavement is a risk factor for poor health, yet prior research has not considered how exposure to parental death across the life course may contribute to lasting social isolation and, in turn, poor health among older adults. Moreover, prior research often fails to consider the racial context of bereavement in the United States wherein Black and Hispanic Americans are much more likely than White Americans to experience parental death earlier in life. The present study uses longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 1998–2016) to consider linkages of parental death, social isolation, and health (self-rated health, functional limitations) for Black, Hispanic, and White older adults. Findings suggest that exposure to parental death is associated with higher levels of isolation, greater odds of fair/poor self-rated health, and greater odds of functional limitations in later life. Moreover, social isolation partially explains associations between parental bereavement and later-life health. These patterns persist net of psychological distress—an additional psychosocial response to bereavement. Racial inequities in bereavement are central to disadvantage: Black and Hispanic adults are more likely to experience a parent’s death earlier in the life course, and this differential exposure to parental death in childhood or young adulthood has implications for racial and ethnic inequities in social isolation and health throughout life. PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad027 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 609 - 632 Abstract: AbstractIn recent decades, the financial elite have seen their economic resources grow significantly, while the income and wealth of other households have stagnated. The financial elite includes couples who are super-rich (top one percent), rich (the 90th–99th percentile), and upper-middle class (the 80th–89th percentile). Gendered work–family arrangements in top economic groups may contribute to inequality—particularly to wealth accumulation among the elite—but relatively little is known about how these couples divide paid and unpaid work or the extent to which their arrangements differ from other couples. In this study, we uncover novel work and family patterns and trends in the most economically powerful families in the United States. We use the Survey of Consumer Finances (1989–2019) to compare the household division of labor across income and wealth groups and over time, with a focus on financial elites. We find stark contrasts between super-rich couples and other couples in the division of labor. Specifically, super-rich couples are much more likely than all other couples, including rich and upper-middle class couples, to have a traditional male breadwinner–female homemaker/caregiver arrangement. Importantly, the striking patterns of traditional arrangements in the top one percent have not changed in 30 years and, as we uncover, appear to be driven by a couple’s wealth rather than income. These findings suggest that work–family arrangements may be an integral component of economic and gender inequality. PubDate: Wed, 10 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad061 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 633 - 657 Abstract: AbstractOnline dating has modified how people find and select partners. In addition to outcomes already observed (e.g., exogamy), we argue that by subverting normative dating scripts, online courtship practices may set the course for partnerships that display more egalitarian divisions of routine household labor. This may be particularly true for the married and for lower-educated women, who generally report the least egalitarian allocation of domestic work. Furthermore, we posit that the relationship between meeting context and household labor will be partially explained by the selectivity of those who search for partners online but also by mechanisms specific to online dating that allow for greater relationship quality. We use 2008–2019 German Family Panel (pairfam) data in random-effects regression models to predict sharing of routine housework among women in marital and cohabiting opposite-sex unions (N = 3305). We find that meeting online is associated with greater sharing of housework for married women with lower-education, and that the link is robust even after accounting for observed selection into online dating via entropy balancing weights. Contrary to expectations, partnership quality has no mediating effect. Much of the positive association remains unexplained, suggesting that the different ways men and women negotiate power in the dating phase in digital versus non-digital partner markets may indeed play a role in how gender is enacted later on. PubDate: Sat, 24 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad080 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 658 - 680 Abstract: AbstractThis study investigates the relevance of career compromises (i.e., the discrepancy between the expected and the actually attained training position) to the decision to drop out of vocational education and training (VET), focusing on compromises in terms of social status and gender type. We pay particular attention to upward and downward compromises. Using longitudinal data on 7205 apprentices from the German National Educational Panel Study (Starting Cohort 4), the results of discrete event history models show that both dimensions of compromise are crucial to the decision to drop out of a first VET position. In particular, downward gender-type discrepancies increase the probability that female apprentices will drop out. These findings draw attention to the role of pre-entry VET policies, such as career counseling, in minimizing the incidence of career compromises. PubDate: Sat, 20 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad063 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 681 - 705 Abstract: AbstractThis paper investigates whether restrictive immigration policy affects earnings among White, African-American, and Latinx US citizens. Incorporating sociological theories of race that point to state surveillance of Black and Latinx bodies as a linchpin of racial inequality, we ask: Do immigration policies that expand the reach of law enforcement spill over to lower or to raise earnings of employed US citizens' If so, are the effects of these policies greater for Latinx and African-American citizens compared to their White counterparts' Are the effects of these policies stronger among Latinx and African-American men—who are more directly targeted by surveillance policing as a function of their gender—than for co-ethnic women' To investigate these questions, we combine two nationally representative longitudinal datasets—the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We find that immigration policies that expand the reach of law enforcement raise wages among native-born Whites. However, we also find that state policies enhancing immigration law enforcement decrease wages among Latinx and African-American citizens compared to Whites. We find no gender/race interactions influencing spillover effects of immigration policy on earnings. PubDate: Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad039 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 706 - 729 Abstract: AbstractDuring the twentieth century, state health authorities in California recommended sterilization for over 20,000 individuals held in state institutions. Asian immigrants occupied a marginalized position in racial, gender, and class hierarchies in California at the height of its eugenic sterilization program. Scholars have documented the disproportionate sterilization of other racialized groups, but little research exists connecting the racist, gendered implementation of Asian immigration restriction to the racism and sexism inherent in eugenics. This study examines patterns of coercive sterilization in Asian immigrants in California, hypothesizing higher institutionalization and sterilization rates among Asian-born compared with other foreign- and US-born individuals. We used complete count census microdata from 1910 to 1940 and digitized sterilization recommendation forms from 1920 to 1945 to model relative institutionalization and sterilization rates of Asian-born, other foreign-born, and US-born populations, stratified by gender. Other foreign-born men and women had the highest institutionalization rates in all four census years. Sterilization rates were higher for Asian-born women compared with US-born [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 2.00 (95% CI: 1.61, 2.48)] and other foreign-born women (p < 0.001) across the entire study period. Sterilization rates for Asian-born men were not significantly higher than those of US-born men [IRR 0.95 (95% CI 0.83, 1.10). However, an inflection point model incorporating the year of sterilization found higher sterilization rates for Asian-born men than for US-born men prior to 1933 [IRR 1.31 (95% CI 1.09, 1.59)]. This original quantitative analysis contributes to the literature demonstrating the health impact of discrimination on Asian-Americans and the disproportionate sterilization of racial minorities under state eugenics programs. PubDate: Sat, 29 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad060 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 730 - 752 Abstract: AbstractHow do native-born Americans evaluate citizenship claims made by immigrant groups' Prior research identifies three broad patterns: respondents (1) make judgments based on immigrants’ willingness to adhere to national norms and civic values, (2) rely on ethnoracial cues, and (3) rely on economic cues. Using a conjoint survey experiment, this is the first study to examine how these patterns hold across two distinct dimensions of citizenship—legal membership (being considered a citizen of the state) and cultural membership (being perceived as a fellow American). The results reveal that legal status and age of arrival are powerful determinants for attitudes toward legal membership. By contrast, ethnoracial boundaries have a more significant impact on cultural membership, even after accounting for key predictors, such as legal status and English proficiency. Moreover, we show that evaluations of citizenship claims differ for White and non-White Americans in meaningful ways. Compared to White respondents, Black and Latino respondents express higher levels of ingroup preference for legal membership, and Latinos are significantly more likely to use an inclusive definition of cultural membership. In tandem, these results highlight the importance of measuring citizenship as a multidimensional concept and the limitations of focusing on the dominant group to understand immigration attitudes in contemporary diverse societies. PubDate: Wed, 16 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad099 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 753 - 770 Abstract: AbstractCriminal law was long considered as the sovereign domain of the state. However, after the end of the Cold War, states created new international criminal courts. These courts are part of a wider field of international criminal justice in which different elites work to develop, support, and critique legal ideas and practices that either complement or challenge the state. Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology and based on a multiple correspondence analysis with sixty-four modalities, this article contributes a critical analysis of 365 elite agents active in this field. The analysis shows how different types and volumes of capital structure relations between these elites as well as between the field of international criminal justice and the state. Because these relations can turn state nobility against its national origins, international criminal justice poses a potential challenge to the state’s social fabric which goes beyond legal and political controversies: International criminal justice is emblematic of a competition over the value of and control over capital which plays out at the borders between the national and the international. This contest underlines that the state does necessarily control power over state capital and that, when its elites no longer reproduce its meta-capital, the state loses the semblance of being a unified actor on the world stage. Whereas the intensity of this contest over capital might be particular to the field of international criminal justice, similar battles of control are likely to affect the relations between the state and other globalized fields of law, justice, and politics. PubDate: Sat, 11 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad037 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 771 - 789 Abstract: AbstractRecent research on federal disaster aid distribution reveals stark racial and economic inequalities. Importantly, the very individuals and groups disadvantaged by FEMA funding—non-White, low-income households—are also the populations most likely to exhibit distrust toward the state. How does distrust shape the disaster recovery process in a low-income, rural, predominantly Black context' Using semi-structured interviews coupled with ethnographic observations in Marion County, SC, I find that the disaster recovery process is hindered by legal estrangement. To combat distrust and exclusion, emergent groups use the tactic of displacing trust away from disaster recovery officials back onto emergent groups in order to initiate and sustain residents’ engagement with the formal disaster recovery process. While existing theories argue that distrust leads to withdrawal from services, I show that emergent groups during disaster recovery intervene such that applicants persist in applying for aid despite their distrust. These strategies point to an important paradox about mitigating legal estrangement. Emergent disaster recovery groups assist applicants without improving trust toward disaster recovery officials, and sometimes in solidarity with applicant distrust. Broadly, the efforts of emergent groups reveal that institutional intermediaries can play a key brokering role in helping structurally excluded populations pursue state assistance amidst distrust. PubDate: Thu, 02 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad026 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 790 - 813 Abstract: AbstractC. Wright Mills’ framework of power elites did not just address the power structure of post-World War II America. We propose a methodological framework to identify this group—by locating individuals sitting at the core of elite networks—arguing that the sector composition of this group reflects the relative importance of institutional orders within the limits of a nation-state.With two comprehensive sets of network data, composed of around 5,000 potentially powerful affiliations containing approximately 38,000 individuals, we identify a modified version of k-cores in Danish elite networks each composing around 400 individuals in 2012 and 2017.While 55% of the individuals in the core have changed over five years, the core group exhibits remarkable institutional stability. First, sectoral affiliations remain largely the same, as just over half were employed in the corporate world with the rest split fairly evenly amongst union leaders, academics, senior civil servants, and politicians. Other sectors, such as cultural elites, army, clergy, or judiciary were all but excluded. Second, their organizational affiliation also remains stable. Four out of five in 2017 were employed in an organization having a member in 2012. Third, the social background, ethnic background, education, and residence remain largely the same. PubDate: Sat, 25 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad021 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 814 - 815 Abstract: This is a correction to: Christopher S Swader, Loneliness in Europe: Personal and Societal Individualism–Collectivism and Their Connection to Social Isolation, Social Forces, Volume 97, Issue 3, March 2019, Pages 1307–1336, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soy088 PubDate: Sat, 10 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad082 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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Pages: 816 - 816 Abstract: This is a correction to: Janina Beckmann and others, Career Compromises and Dropout from Vocational Education and Training in Germany, Social Forces, 2023;, soad063, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soad063 PubDate: Wed, 21 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad083 Issue No:Vol. 102, No. 2 (2023)
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