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- Review of “Sorting Sexualities: Expertise and the Politics of Legal
Classification”-
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Pages: e18 - e18
Abstract: University of Chicago Press, 2021, 280 pages. Prices (cloth/paper): $95.00 / $30.00, https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo86433705.html Tom Waidzunas, Temple University
PubDate: Fri, 10 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae056
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Banished Men: How Migrants Endure the Violence of
Deportation”-
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Pages: e17 - e17
Abstract: Review of “Banished Men: How Migrants Endure the Violence of Deportation” By Abigail Leslie Andrews University of California Press, 2023, 216 pages. Price (paper): $34.95 https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520395978/banished-men#:~:text=Banished%20Men%20How%20Migrants%20Endure%20the%20Violence%20of%20Deportation&text=From%202009%20to%202020%2C%20the,lives%20and%20sense%20of%20themselves%3F
PubDate: Sat, 20 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae055
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Conservatorship: Inside California’s System of Coercion and
Care for Mental Illness”-
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Pages: e24 - e24
Abstract: Review of “Conservatorship: Inside California’s System of Coercion and Care for Mental Illness” By Alex V. Barnard Columbia University Press, 2023, 416 pages. Prices (cloth/paper): $35.00 / $140.00. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/conservatorship/9780231210256 Jason Schnittker, University of Pennsylvania
PubDate: Sun, 14 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae063
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Queer Judaism: LGBT Activism and the Remaking of Jewish
Orthodoxy in Israel”-
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Pages: e21 - e21
Abstract: Review of “Queer Judaism: LGBT Activism and the Remaking of Jewish Orthodoxy in Israel” By Orit Avishai NYU Press, 2023, 320 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $89.00 / $30.00 https://nyupress.org/9781479810031/queer-judaism/
PubDate: Sat, 13 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae059
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “The Making of White American Identity”
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Pages: e15 - e15
Abstract: Review of “The Making of White American Identity” By Ron Eyerman Oxford University Press, 2022, 304 pages. Prices (cloth / paper): $110.00 / $32.99 https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-making-of-white-american-identity-9780197658932'cc=us&lang=en
PubDate: Sat, 13 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae053
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Communes and the Venezuelan State: The Struggle for
Participatory Democracy in a Time of Crisis”-
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Pages: e25 - e25
Abstract: Review of “Communes and the Venezuelan State: The Struggle for Participatory Democracy in a Time of Crisis” By Anderson Bean Lexington Books, 2022. 172 pages. Prices (cloth / paper): $95.00 / $39.99. https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781793640840/Communes-and-the-Venezuelan-State-The-Struggle-for-Participatory-Democracy-in-a-Time-of-Crisis
PubDate: Sat, 13 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae064
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Nice Is Not Enough: Inequality and the Limits of Kindness
at American High”-
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Pages: e22 - e22
Abstract: Review of “Nice Is Not Enough: Inequality and the Limits of Kindness at American High” By C.J. Pascoe University of California Press, 2023. 264 pages. Price (cloth): $26.95. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520276437/nice-is-not-enough
PubDate: Sat, 13 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae060
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Faith Communities and the Fight for Racial Justice: What Has
Worked, What Hasn’t, and Lessons We Can Learn”-
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Pages: e20 - e20
Abstract: Review of “Faith Communities and the Fight for Racial Justice: What Has Worked, What Hasn’t, and Lessons We Can Learn” By Robert Wuthnow Princeton University Press, 2023, 288 pages. Prices (cloth): $35.00 https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691250830/faith-communities-and-the-fight-for-racial-justice
PubDate: Sat, 13 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae058
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “The Black Ceiling: How Race Still Matters in the Elite
Workplace”-
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Pages: e23 - e23
Abstract: Review of “The Black Ceiling: How Race Still Matters in the Elite Workplace” By Kevin Woodson The University of Chicago Press, 2023. 216 pages. Price (cloth): $26.00. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/B/bo206647666.html#:~:text=Examining%20the%20experiences%20of%20more,that%20are%20steeped%20in%20Whiteness
PubDate: Sat, 13 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae062
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “The Peer Effect: How Your Peers Shape Who You Are and Who
You Will Become”-
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Pages: e16 - e16
Abstract: Review of “The Peer Effect: How Your Peers Shape Who You Are and Who You Will Become” By Syed Ali and Margaret M. Chin New York University Press, 2023, 240 pages. Prices: $28.95 (cloth) https://nyupress.org/9781479805051/the-peer-effect/
PubDate: Sat, 13 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae054
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Moral Minefields: How Sociologists Debate Good
Science”-
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Pages: e19 - e19
Abstract: Review of “Moral Minefields: How Sociologists Debate Good Science” By Shai M. Dromi and Samuel D. Stabler The University of Chicago Press, 2023, 232 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $99.00/$27.50 https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/M/bo202329632.html
PubDate: Fri, 12 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae057
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Unbottled: The Fight against Plastic Water and for Water
Justice”-
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Pages: e14 - e14
Abstract: Review of “Unbottled: The Fight against Plastic Water and for Water Justice” By Daniel Jaffee University of California Press, 2023. 384 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $95.00/$27.95, https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520306622/unbottled
PubDate: Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae047
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Rust Belt Union Blues: Why Working-Class Voters Are Turning
Away from the Democratic Party”-
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Pages: e13 - e13
Abstract: Review of “Rust Belt Union Blues: Why Working-Class Voters Are Turning Away from the Democratic Party” By Lainey Newman and Theda Skocpol Columbia University Press, 2023, 328 pages, Prices (cloth): $26.95, http://cup.columbia.edu/book/rust-belt-union-blues/9780231208826
PubDate: Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae046
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Judging Insanity, Punishing Difference: A History of Mental
Illness in the Criminal Court”-
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Pages: e11 - e11
Abstract: Review of “Judging Insanity, Punishing Difference: A History of Mental Illness in the Criminal Court” By Chloé Deambrogio Stanford University Press, 2023. 300 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $70.00 (Cloth). https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=34056#:∼:text=In%20Judging%20Insanity%2C%20Punishing%20Difference,course%20of%20the%20twentieth%20century.
PubDate: Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae044
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Hereditary: The Persistence of Biological Theories of
Crime”-
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Pages: e10 - e10
Abstract: Review of “Hereditary: The Persistence of Biological Theories of Crime” By Julien Larregue Stanford University Press, 2024, 252 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $120.00/$30.00, https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=36381#:∼:text=Hereditary%20traces%20the%20historical%20development,of%20criminology%20as%20a%20whole
PubDate: Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae043
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Side Hustle Safety Net”
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Pages: e8 - e8
Abstract: Review of “Side Hustle Safety Net” By Alexandrea J. Ravenelle University of California Press; 2023, 344 pages. Prices (Cloth/Paper): $95.00/$29.95. https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520387300/side-hustle-safety-net.
PubDate: Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae041
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “The Color of Homeschooling: How Inequality Shapes School
Choice”-
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Pages: e7 - e7
Abstract: Review of “The Color of Homeschooling: How Inequality Shapes School Choice” By Mahala Dyer Stewart New York University Press; 2023, 240 pages. Prices (Cloth/Paper): $89.00/$30.00. https://nyupress.org/9781479807833/the-color-of-homeschooling.
PubDate: Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae040
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Refashioning Race: How Global Cosmetic Surgery Crafts New
Beauty Standards”-
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Pages: e3 - e3
Abstract: Review of “Refashioning Race: How Global Cosmetic Surgery Crafts New Beauty Standards” By Alka Vaid Menon University of California Press, 2023. 304 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $95.00 (hardcover); $29.95 (paperback) https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520386723/refashioning-race
PubDate: Sun, 31 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae036
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “In Defense of Solidarity and Pleasure: Feminist
Technopolitics from the Global South”-
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Pages: e1 - e1
Abstract: Review of “In Defense of Solidarity and Pleasure: Feminist Technopolitics from the Global South” By Firuzeh Shokooh Valle Stanford University Press, 2023, 260 pages. Prices (cloth and paper): $110.00 / $28.00. https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=34851&bottom_ref=subject
PubDate: Sat, 30 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae034
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Rules of the Road: The Automobile and the Transformation of
American Criminal Justice”-
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Pages: e2 - e2
Abstract: Review of “Rules of the Road: The Automobile and the Transformation of American Criminal Justice” By Spencer Headworth Stanford University Press, 2023, 304 pages. Prices (cloth and paper): $90.00/ $30.00. https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=34413
PubDate: Sat, 30 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae035
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Family Life in the Time of COVID: International
Perspectives”-
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Pages: e4 - e4
Abstract: Review of “Family Life in the Time of COVID: International Perspectives” By Katherine Twamley, Humera Iqbal and Charlotte Faircloth UCL Press, 2023. 328 pages. Prices (cloth and paper): £45.00 & £30.00. https://www.uclpress.co.uk/products/184221
PubDate: Sat, 30 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae037
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “The Faithful Scientist: Experiences of Anti-Religious Bias in
Scientific Training”-
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Pages: e6 - e6
Abstract: Review of “The Faithful Scientist: Experiences of Anti-Religious Bias in Scientific Training” By Christopher P. Scheitle New York University Press, 2023. 224 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $35.00 & $28.00 https://nyupress.org/9781479823741/the-faithful-scientist/
PubDate: Sat, 30 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae039
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Rights Refused: Grassroots Activism and State Violence in
Myanmar”-
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Pages: e5 - e5
Abstract: Review of “Rights Refused: Grassroots Activism and State Violence in Myanmar” By Elliott Prasse-Freeman Stanford University Press, 2023. 366 pages, Prices (cloth and paper): $95.00/$32.00, https://www.sup.org/books/title/'id=33479&local_ref=new
PubDate: Sat, 30 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae038
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “Words Like Water: Queer Mobilization and Social Change in
China”-
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Pages: e12 - e12
Abstract: Review of “Words Like Water: Queer Mobilization and Social Change in China” By Caterina Fugazzola Temple University Press, 2023. 190 pages. Prices: $79.50 (cloth); $25.95 (paper). https://tupress.temple.edu/books/words-like-water
PubDate: Sat, 30 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae045
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Review of “The Color of Asylum: The Racial Politics of Safe Haven in
Brazil”-
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Pages: e9 - e9
Abstract: Review of “The Color of Asylum: The Racial Politics of Safe Haven in Brazil” By Katherine Jensen University of Chicago Press, 2023. 264 pages. Prices (cloth and paper): $99.00/ $27.50 https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/C/bo203898543.html.
PubDate: Sat, 30 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae042
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Left Partisanship, Corporatism, and the Reorientation of the Knowledge
Economy in Advanced Capitalist Societies-
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Pages: 1 - 21
Abstract: AbstractWhile the progress of the knowledge economy is inexorable, this paper argues that partisan politics and labor market institutions can affect the direction in which the knowledge economy progresses. In particular, a combination of corporatist industrial relations systems and left partisanship tends to foster greater wage restraint, and such a wage outcome tends to encourage the greater adoption of communications technology than information-processing technology in the economy. This reorientation of the knowledge economy toward communications technology, in turn, has egalitarian distributive implications. In particular, the greater adoption of communications technology reduces wage inequality across the board in lower 90–10, 50–10, as well as 90–50 wage ratios. These arguments are tested using data across 15–21 OECD countries (1970–2015).
PubDate: Fri, 22 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae048
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- The Class Ceiling in the United States: Class-Origin Pay Penalties in
Higher Professional and Managerial Occupations-
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Pages: 22 - 44
Abstract: AbstractGender and racial pay penalties are well-known: women (of all races) and people of color (of all genders) earn less, on average, even when they gain access to occupations historically reserved for White men. Studies of social mobility show that people from working-class backgrounds in the US have also been excluded from top professional and managerial occupations. But do working-class-origin people who attain top US jobs face a class-origin pay penalty' Despite evidence of class-origin pay gaps in higher professional and managerial occupations elsewhere, we might expect that the central role of race and racism in US stratification processes, along with the relatively low salience of class identities, would render class origins irrelevant to earnings in exclusive occupations, at least within racial groups. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to link childhood class position to adult occupation and earnings, we describe the racial and class-origin composition of different high-status occupations and the earnings of people within them. We show that when people who are from working-class backgrounds are upwardly mobile into high-status occupations, they earn almost $20,000 per year less, on average, than individuals who are themselves from privileged backgrounds. The difference is partly explained by the upwardly mobile being less likely to have college degrees, but it remains substantial (around $11,700) even after accounting for education, race and other important predictors of earnings. The gap is largest among White people; there is a class-origin penalty in top US occupations that is distinct from the racial pay gap.
PubDate: Thu, 29 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae025
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- How Segregation Ruins Inference: A Sociological Simulation of the
Inequality Equilibrium-
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Pages: 45 - 65
Abstract: AbstractWhy do many people underestimate economic and racial inequality and maintain that theirs is a meritocratic society' Existing work suggests that people are rationalizing, misinformed, or misled. This article proposes an additional explanation: Inequality itself makes economic and racial disparities difficult to understand. In unequal societies, individuals establish their networks at formative institutions patterned by class and race. As a result, they unwittingly condition on key causal pathways when making descriptive and causal inferences about inequality. We use a simple agent-based model to show that, under circumstances typical to highly stratified societies, individuals will underestimate the extent of economic and racial inequality, downplay the importance of inherited advantages, and overestimate the relative importance of individual ability. Moreover, we show that they will both underestimate the extent of racial discrimination and overestimate its relative importance. Because segregated social worlds bias inference in these ways, all individuals (rich and poor) have principled reasons to favor less redistribution than they would if their social worlds were more integrated.
PubDate: Thu, 14 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae033
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Cross-National Social and Environmental Influences on Life Satisfaction
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Pages: 66 - 86
Abstract: AbstractScholars and policymakers are increasingly interested in subjective well-being as a development indicator. However, sociological research on this topic is quite limited, as is research that considers the effects of the biophysical environment on subjective well-being. In this study, we address these gaps in the literature by examining social and environmental influences on life satisfaction, a core component of subjective well-being. We employed multi-level regression analysis using data from over 97,000 individuals living across ninety-six countries. The results demonstrated significant effects of several individual-level variables on life satisfaction, in particular respondents’ satisfaction with their local air and water quality and the efforts being made to preserve the environment in their country, as well as numerous social variables, such as income, gender, and employment status. Among the country-level variables, national gross domestic product per capita was positively associated with higher individual life satisfaction. Income inequality had a negative effect on life satisfaction, while wealth inequality, on the other hand, had a positive effect, a surprising finding we contemplate in some detail. The carbon intensity of a nation’s economy as well as the proportion of a nation’s land in protected areas only influenced life satisfaction when not controlling for the other variables. We conclude by discussing the implications of this research for sustainable development, including the promise of life satisfaction and other measures of subjective well-being as sustainable development indicators.
PubDate: Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae072
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Ethno-Racial and Credit Worthiness Disparities in Access to Mortgage
Credit-
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Pages: 87 - 108
Abstract: AbstractThe mortgage industry is central to ethno-racial stratification in homeownership access. Ample research demonstrates that unequal treatment of minorities has created major differences in the access and exclusion of low-cost loan products in the housing market. While numerous studies have documented the disadvantages Black and Latino homebuyers face, these studies have been limited in their assessment of credit worthiness in accessing a mortgage. This study draws on the annual dataset from the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act from 2018 and 2019 to assess ethno-racial disparities in mortgage outcomes by debt-to-income (DTI) levels. I demonstrate that DTI levels vary tremendously by ethno-racial groups. In addition, I show that loan rejections and high-cost loan originations are highest among Blacks and Latinos across DTI levels compared to White applicants. Depending on the adverse loan outcome, Asians perform similarly or slightly underperform compared to Whites. These trends are particularly true when examining high-cost loan originations as Blacks and Latinos with excellent credit worthiness perform similarly as Whites and Asians with below-average credit worthiness. Implications for ethno-racial stratification are discussed.
PubDate: Thu, 18 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae066
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Re-considering Re-partnering: New Insights about Gender and Sexuality in
the Study of Second Union Formation-
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Pages: 109 - 128
Abstract: AbstractPast studies have established the existence of a persistent gender gap in re-partnering, wherein women are less likely to re-partner than men in the general population. Existing theories and explanations focus on women’s and men’s socio-demographic characteristics as mechanisms determining their opportunities, needs, and attractiveness in the re-partnering process. However, this work assumes that people are heterosexual and overlooks sexual minorities despite growing scholarly interest in union formation and dissolution among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) people. We investigate whether and how the gender gap in re-partnering intersects with sexual identity to highlight the role of gender relations as a social force that shapes union formation outcomes among both the heterosexual and LGB population. We use retrospective data on cohabitation and marriage histories from the British Understanding Society survey (UKHLS) to estimate event history models. We confirm the existence of a gender gap favoring men among heterosexuals but find that lesbian women are more likely to re-partner than gay men. We do not observe a gender gap among bisexuals. Results are robust to accounting for compositional differences between groups using exact matching techniques. These findings suggest that the persistent gender gap found in past studies is not as universal as previously presumed and that sexual identity plays a vital role in re-partnering outcomes. Therefore, sociologists should explicitly incorporate the gender relational context into models and theories that explain gender differences in union formation outcomes.
PubDate: Thu, 07 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae031
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Gender Equality for Whom' The Changing College Education Gradients of the
Division of Paid Work and Housework Among US Couples, 1968–2019-
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Pages: 129 - 152
Abstract: AbstractIn response to women’s changing roles in labor markets, couples have adopted varied strategies to reconcile career and family needs. Yet, most studies on the gendered division of labor focus almost exclusively on changes either in work or family domain. Doing so neglects the process through which couples negotiate and contest traditional work and family responsibilities. Studies that do examine these tradeoffs have highlighted how work–family strategies range far beyond simple traditional-egalitarian dichotomies but are limited to specific points in time or population subgroups. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and latent-class analysis, this article provides the first population-based estimates of the couple-level tradeoffs inherent in work–family strategies in the United States, documents trends in the share of couples who fall into each of these strategies, and considers social stratification by gender and college education in these trends. Specifically, I identify seven distinct work–family strategies (traditional, neotraditional, her-second-shift, egalitarian, his-second-shift, female-breadwinner, and neither-full-time couples). Egalitarian couples experienced the fastest increase in prevalence among college-educated couples, whereas couples that lacked two full-time earners increased among less-educated couples. Still, about a quarter of all couples adopted “her-second-shift” strategies, with no variation across time, making it the modal work–family strategy among dual-earner couples. The long-run, couple-level results support the view that the gender revolution has stalled and suggest that this stall may be caused partly by strong traditional gender preferences, whereas structural resources appear to facilitate gender equality among a selected few.
PubDate: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae028
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Month of Birth and Cognitive Effort: A Laboratory Study of the Relative
Age Effect among Fifth Graders-
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Pages: 153 - 172
Abstract: AbstractAll around the world, school-entry cohorts are organized on an annual calendar so that the age of students in the same cohort differs by up to one year. It is a well-established finding that this age gap entails a consequential (dis)advantage for academic performance referred to as the relative age effect (RAE). This study contributes to a recent strand of research that has turned to investigate the RAE on non-academic outcomes such as personality traits. An experimental setup is used to estimate the causal effect of monthly age on cognitive effort in a sample of 798 fifth-grade students enrolled in the Spanish educational system, characterized by strict enrolment rules. Participants performed three different real-effort tasks under three different incentive conditions: no rewards; material rewards; and material and status rewards. We observe that older students outwork their youngest peers by two-fifths of a standard deviation, but only when material rewards for performance are in place. Despite the previously reported higher taste for competition among the older students within a school-entry cohort, we do not find that the RAE on cognitive effort increases after inducing competition for peer recognition. Finally, the study also provides suggestive evidence of a larger RAE among boys and students from lower social strata. Implications for sociological research on educational inequality are discussed. To conclude, we outline policy recommendations such as implementing evaluation tools that nudge teachers toward being mindful of relative age differences.
PubDate: Wed, 21 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae023
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Opportunity Hoarding and Elite Reproduction: School Segregation in
Post-Apartheid South Africa-
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Pages: 173 - 201
Abstract: AbstractSchool integration is an important indicator of equality of opportunity and racial reconciliation in contemporary South Africa. Despite its prominence in public and political discourse, however, there is no systemic evidence on the levels and patterns of school segregation. Drawing on the literature on the post-apartheid political settlement and sociological theories of opportunity hoarding, we explain how the small White minority and, to a lesser extent, the new Black middle class monopolized access to South Africa’s most prestigious schools following the abolition of de jure segregation in 1994. Using the 2021 Annual School Survey—an administrative dataset covering all South African schools—and the 2019 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study school survey, we find very high levels of school segregation along racial as well as socioeconomic lines. White students almost exclusively attend former White schools, have little exposure to the low-income Black majority, and are vastly overrepresented in elite public and private schools. We argue that in South Africa and other contexts with under-resourced education systems, elite capture of the few high-performing schools serves to reproduce race and class privilege.
PubDate: Mon, 29 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae070
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- The Racial Limits of Disruption: How Race and Tactics Influence Social
Movement Organization Testimony before Congress, 1960–1995-
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Pages: 202 - 222
Abstract: AbstractSocial movement theory holds that disrupting social and political processes is among the most effective tools social movement organizations (SMOs) use to motivate recognition for themselves and their constituents. Yet, recent research suggests that the political reception of disruption is not racially neutral. Black SMOs face a dilemma in that, although disruption is a powerful tool for change, the public often perceives nonviolent Black disruptive protest as violent. We investigate this bind by analyzing how nondisruptive protest, nonviolent disruption, or violence helps or hinders both Black and non-Black SMOs to gain state “acceptance” as legitimate spokes-organizations for their issues. We combine data on newspaper-reported protest events with data covering 41,545 SMO Congressional testimonies from 1462 SMOs from 35 movement families. In panel regressions, we find that Congress is generally more accepting of nondisruptive protest but that nondisruptive protest is only roughly one-tenth as effective for Black SMOs compared with non-Black SMOs. Furthermore, whereas non-Black SMOs are significantly more likely to testify after using nonviolent disruption, Black SMOs using nonviolent disruption are significantly less likely to testify before Congress. Regardless of race, violence was associated with fewer congressional testimonies. Collectively, these findings suggest that Black SMOs face a tactical bind: Black SMOs can use nondisruptive tactics that are resource-intensive and slow, or they can use nonviolent disruption that gets media attention but hinders congressional acceptance. These findings contribute to a growing literature on how racial inequality and prejudice impact the outcomes of social movements.
PubDate: Sat, 18 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae073
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- A Social Movement Model for Judicial Behavior: Evidence from Brazil’s
Anti-Corruption Movements-
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Pages: 223 - 244
Abstract: AbstractWhile studies show that public opinion and educational workshops promoted by nonprofits affect judicial behavior, it remains unclear whether and how social movements affect judges’ decision-making through disruptive actions. I develop a framework to explain the conditions under which and the mechanisms through which social movement mobilization affects the decision-making of judges, drawing on a mixed-methods study of anti-corruption protests in Brazil. I constructed an original dataset of decisions of corruption cases at the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (2003–2016). Results showed that actions that target judicial cases (case-focused protests)—but not protests that simply put the issue on the public agenda—are associated with higher chances that judges will decide in ways that are aligned with the movements’ demands. I supplemented this data with a qualitative analysis of appeals on two investigations of similar crimes and some of the same defendants but with different outcomes in appellate courts: Sandcastle (Castelo de Areia) and Car Wash (Lava Jato). Drawing on 110 interviews with prosecutors and judges and document analysis of criminal charges and judicial decisions, I show that case-focused protests affect judicial behavior through two mechanisms: by threatening the personal reputation of judges and the legitimacy of courts.
PubDate: Thu, 18 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae065
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Occupying Shops to Defend Spaces of Livelihoods: From Tenant
Shopkeepers’ Fragmentation to Collective Consciousness in Urban Korea-
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Pages: 245 - 261
Abstract: AbstractWhen commercial real estate becomes a highly coveted investment commodity, tensions intensify between those whose interest lies in extracting maximum profits from their properties and those who utilize the very same spaces for making a livelihood. Through ethnographic research with a tenant shopkeepers’ social movement organization (SMO) in Korea, I analyze the new collective consciousness forming among tenant shopkeepers who are defending their livelihoods against their landlords’ rapacious use of rent hikes and evictions to fully realize the speculative potential of their properties. Examining how the SMO brings together geographically scattered tenant shopkeepers based primarily in the larger metropolitan area of Seoul, I ask, more broadly: How can the self-employed facing precaritization overcome their fragmentation and generate a new collective consciousness based on a politics of solidarity' Drawing from my case study of tenant shopkeepers and the literature on livelihood struggles elsewhere around the globe, I identify the practice of occupying livelihood spaces as playing a pivotal role in the development of a sense of collective among those previously atomized in their struggles. I advance existing scholarship by scrutinizing both the challenges and the transformative potential of the solidarity cultivated through the occupy sites in bridging divergent interests, cultural sensibilities, and political beliefs of the previously unorganized.
PubDate: Mon, 26 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae026
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- “The Ties that Bind are those that Punish: Network Polarization and
Federal Crime Policy Gridlock, 1979–2005”-
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Pages: 262 - 285
Abstract: AbstractLargely overlooked in research on criminal legal expansion is the rise of political polarization and its attendant consequences for crime policy. Drawing on theories of intergroup collaboration and policymaking research, I argue that network polarization—low frequencies of collaborative relations between lawmakers belonging to distinct political groups—negatively affects crime legislation passage by reducing information flows, increasing intergroup hostility, and creating opportunities for political attacks. To evaluate this perspective, I recreate dynamic legislative networks between 1979 and 2005 using data on 1,897,019 cosponsorship relationships between 1537 federal lawmakers and the outcomes of 5950 federal crime bills. Results illustrate that increases in partisan network segregation and the number of densely clustered subgroups both have negative effects on bill passage. These relationships are not moderated by majority party status and peak during the 1990s and early 2000s, a period when prison growth showed its first signs of slowing. These findings provide new insight to the relationship between polarization and policy and suggest that increases in network polarization may be partly responsible for declines in crime policy adoption observed in recent decades.
PubDate: Thu, 18 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae052
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- The Clandestine Hands of the State: Dissecting Police Collusion in the
Drug Trade-
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Pages: 286 - 304
Abstract: AbstractPolice collusion with drug market organizations is widespread around the world, but the nature of this collaboration remains poorly understood. This article draws on a unique data source to dissect the inner workings of police collusion: transcripts of wiretapped conversations, embedded in thousands of pages of court cases in which state agents have been prosecuted for collaborating with drug market groups. We catalogue and analyze the wide range of social interactions that constitute police collaboration with drug market groups and show that those interactions are often embedded in trust networks constituted by residential, professional, friendship, and kinship ties. Our findings signal the importance of reciprocal social ties surrounding police corruption and cast light on what we refer to as the clandestine hands of the state.
PubDate: Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae024
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Work Experience and Mental Health from Adolescence to Mid-Life
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Pages: 305 - 326
Abstract: AbstractThe etiology of psychological differences among those who pursue distinct lines of work have long been of scholarly interest. A prevalent early and continuing assumption is that experiences on the job influence psychological development; contemporary analysts focus on dimensions indicative of mental health. Still, such work-related psychological differences may instead be attributable to selection processes to the extent that individuals can choose, or be selected to, different lines of work, based on their prior characteristics. Whereas much attention has been directed to employment per se as a key determinant of mental health, we consider work status (employed or not) and hours of work, as well as work quality, including both intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions among those who are employed. We also investigate differences in the effects of work experiences on mental health in distinct phases of the work career. Drawing on eleven waves of longitudinal data obtained from a cohort of ninth grade students followed prospectively to age 45–46 (54% female; 73% white), we examine whether key psychological dimensions indicative of mental health (mastery, depressive affect, and self-esteem) change in response to employment and to particular experiences on the job. The findings, based on a fixed-effects modeling strategy, indicate that observed psychological differences related to employment and work quality are not attributable to stable individual proclivities. Evidence suggests that mental health is responsive to changing experiences at work from mid-adolescence to mid-life.
PubDate: Sun, 21 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae067
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Structural Disadvantages to the Kin Network from Intergenerational Racial
Health Inequities-
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Pages: 327 - 349
Abstract: AbstractThis article utilizes the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to demonstrate how disadvantages in healthy life expectancies accumulated across generations create disparate kin structures among African American families in the United States. The analysis quantifies the overlap in parents’ healthy years with their adult children’s healthy life expectancies and examines how much the overlap coincides with the adult children’s childrearing years. Non-Hispanic Black adults experienced parental illness and death sooner than non-Hispanic White adults, and their parents’ poor health coincided longer with their own health declines. Non-Hispanic White adults, on the other hand, enjoyed more years in good health with two healthy parents. The intergenerational accumulation of unequal healthy life expectancies directly translated into unequal kin structures for the subsequent third generation. Race inequities in the intergenerational kin structure and health were greater among women than among men, and non-Hispanic Black women spent the most years raising children in poor health with unhealthy or deceased parents. Disparities in the intergenerational tempos of fertility, mortality, and morbidity are building profound structural racial inequities within a fundamental social institution—the family.
PubDate: Thu, 07 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae032
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Exposure of Neighborhood Racial and Socio-Economic Composition in Activity
Space: A New Approach Adjusting for Residential Conditions-
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Pages: 350 - 373
Abstract: AbstractA longstanding urban sociological literature emphasizes the geographic isolation of city dwellers in residence and everyday routines, expecting exposures to neighborhood racial and socio-economic structure driven principally by city-wide segregation and the role of proximity and homophily in mobility. The compelled mobility approach emphasizes the uneven distribution of organizational and institutional resources across urban space, expecting residents of poor Black-segregated neighborhoods to exhibit non-trivial levels of everyday exposure to White, non-poor areas for resource seeking. We use two sets of location data in the hypersegregated Chicago metro to examine these two approaches: Global Positioning System (GPS) location tracking on a sample of older adults from the Chicago Health and Activity Space in Real-Time (CHART) study and travel diaries on a sample of younger adults by the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP). We introduce a novel and flexible individual-level method for assessing activity space exposures that accounts for the spatially proximate environment around home. Analyses reveal that activity space contexts mimic the racial/ethnic and socio-economic landscape of respondents’ broad residential environment. However, after residential-based adjustment, Black younger (CMAP) adults from poor Black neighborhoods are disproportionately exposed to Whiter, less Black but less non-poor neighborhoods. Older (CHART) adult activity spaces align more closely with their residential areas; however, activity spaces of poor-Black-neighborhood-residing CHART Blacks are systematically poorer and, less consistently, more Black and less White after local area adjustment. Implications for understanding contextual exposures on well-being and the potential for age or cohort differences in isolation are discussed.
PubDate: Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae021
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Are High-Immigrant Neighborhoods Disadvantaged in Seeking Local Government
Services' Evidence from Baltimore City, Maryland-
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Pages: 374 - 399
Abstract: AbstractTo modernize public service delivery, U.S. communities increasingly rely on 311 systems for residents to request government services. Research on 311 systems is relatively new, and there is mixed evidence on whether 311 can help bridge the gap between disadvantaged communities and governments. This study draws from research on immigration, race/ethnicity, and differential engagement to explore the link between immigrant concentration and 311 usage. We use longitudinal data on 311 requests in Baltimore City, Maryland (2014–2019) and spatial panel regression analysis to show that neighborhood racial/ethnic structure and the national policy environment can significantly influence whether immigrant concentration is a barrier for 311 service-seeking. Specifically, we find that immigrant concentration reduces 311 requests in high-immigrant neighborhoods with Latino or Black concentration, but not in high-immigrant neighborhoods with White/Asian concentration. We also find that in Latino high-immigrant neighborhoods, the relationship between immigrant concentration and 311 requests appears mainly after 2017, when the federal government adopted hostile immigration policies. By establishing and contextualizing the relationship between immigrant concentration and 311 usage, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of civic participation and the connection between immigrant communities and government.
PubDate: Mon, 11 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae030
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Correction to: Who are the “Immigrants”': How Whites’ Diverse
Perceptions of Immigrants Shape Their Attitudes-
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Pages: 400 - 400
Abstract: This is a correction to: René D Flores, Ariel Azar, Who are the “Immigrants”': How Whites' Diverse Perceptions of Immigrants Shape Their Attitudes, Social Forces, Volume 101, Issue 4, April 2023, Pages 2117–2146, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soac113
PubDate: Wed, 10 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae049
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
- Correction to: Are High-Immigrant Neighborhoods Disadvantaged in Seeking
Local Government Services' Evidence from Baltimore City, Maryland-
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Pages: 401 - 401
Abstract: This is a correction to: Min Xie, David McDowall, Sean Houlihan, Are High-Immigrant Neighborhoods Disadvantaged in Seeking Local Government Services' Evidence from Baltimore City, Maryland, Social Forces, 2024; soae030, https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/soae030
PubDate: Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/sf/soae051
Issue No: Vol. 103, No. 1 (2024)
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