 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- The Unlikely Heroes of Progressive Taxation: CEOs’ Support for Bill
Clinton’s Tax Increase Package in 1993-
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Abstract: “It is a landmark achievement not just for those in this room who have played a role in it but, indeed, for all the American people. And it will be a gift-giving achievement for generations to come,” said President Bill Clinton on September 30, 1998, celebrating one of the most important achievements in his presidency, a budget surplus.1 For almost 30 years since 1969, the federal government budget had been running deficits. When Clinton took office as President in 1993, deficits were still ballooning and were considered to pose an imminent threat to the American economy. Within five years, however, the federal fiscal balance drastically shifted from deficit to surplus. Clinton attributed this success in deficit ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-03-11T00:00:00-05:00
- The Armed Career Criminal Act and the Puzzle of Federal Crime Control in
the Reagan Era: “It’s at the state and local levels that problems
exist”-
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Abstract: On December 10, 1981, Philadelphia Daily News columnist Chuck Stone took the stand at the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice’s hearings on Pennsylvania Senator Arlen Specter’s Career Criminal Life Sentence Act (later Armed Career Criminal Act [ACCA]).1 The bill was ostensibly concerned with toughening sentences, thus lengthening imprisonment, for “violent career criminals.” In particular, it sought to impose life imprisonment in federal prison for anyone convicted for a third time of armed robbery or burglary. Yet, Specter invited Stone to testify about his recent role in negotiating the safe surrender of hostages being held by prisoners at Pennsylvania’s Graterford State Correctional Institution. In reflecting on ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-03-11T00:00:00-05:00
- Why Consult, Why Consent' Employers in Concertation Platforms Facing
Welfare State Expansion in the Netherlands, 1920–1960-
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Abstract: How can we explain the role of employers in the introduction of welfare state programs in the Netherlands in the early and mid-twentieth century' Recent literature tested new views on the role of organized employers and showed that business interest groups held consenting attitudes toward the introduction of social insurance systems. Whereas older literature emphasized the role of labor unions and the objections of employer groups to sharing power and providing social protection, recent scholars describe more favorable attitudes to welfare state expansion, based on self-interest. The “employer-oriented approach” shifts the perspective to the role of the employer, whereas earlier literature found that the origins of ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-03-11T00:00:00-05:00
- Borrowed Agency: The Institutional Capacity of the Early Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission-
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Abstract: Capacity is the ability to take action once policy makers decide that they want to act.1 For bureaucracies, it is the ability to implement effectively both policy objectives and specific programs through staff, an adequate budget, and infrastructure.2 Without this type of capacity, agencies are considered ill-equipped to implement their programs and policies.With the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Congress created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to enforce the employment protections provided in Title VII of the law. Traditionally, scholars have assumed the EEOC (or Commission hereafter) was a weak agency when its doors opened in 1965. However, this story usually focuses on the role of the ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-03-11T00:00:00-05:00
- Labor Secretary Frances Perkins Reorganizes Her Department’s Immigration
Enforcement Functions, 1933–1940: “Going against the
Grain”–CORRIGENDUM-
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Abstract: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0898030622000392, published online by Cambridge University Press, 22 December 2022In the original published version of this article, the first name of scholar Rebecca Brenner Graham was misstated as Rachel in the text.1 Her full name appears correctly in the reference endnote where her work is cited.The author apologizes for this ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-03-11T00:00:00-05:00
- Congress and the Establishment of a National Budget System in the United
States during the Progressive Era-
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Abstract: In a constitutional system defined by separated institutions and shared powers, which institution determines budget policy, and under what authority, is fundamental. Besides setting spending levels, budgeting imposes a sequence of actions that reveals policies and priorities.1 However, the US Constitution does not establish a specific budget process. The Constitution assigns taxing and spending powers to Congress (Section 9 of Article I). It states that “No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law.” Therefore, budgetary decision making must be exercised through the lawmaking power. However, the organizational and procedural environment in which laws are enacted is ... Read More
PubDate: 2023-03-11T00:00:00-05:00
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