 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- Using Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory to Explain Individual Differences in
the Appraisal of Problem-Focused Coping Potential-
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Authors: Olga Poluektova, Arvid Kappas, Craig A. Smith
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
Appraisal theory assumes that the individual variability of emotional reactions to the same situation is due to individual differences in appraisal. However, the question of how interindividual differences in appraisal come about has been rarely formally addressed. We focus on one of the central dimensions of appraisal—problem-focused coping potential—and attempt to explain individual differences in appraisals along this dimension using self-efficacy theory. We integrate outcome expectancies, self-efficacy expectations, and problem-focused coping potential into a single framework and outline their personality antecedents. Using generalized self-efficacy beliefs as an example, we then discuss the mechanisms underlying the effects of personality dispositions on appraisal and the conditions that moderate their influence. We conclude with the implications for theory, research, and practice.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2023-04-06T07:29:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739231164367
- Incorporating Consciousness into an Understanding of Emotion and Nonverbal
Behavior-
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Authors: David Matsumoto, Matthew Wilson
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
We posit a model of emotion and nonverbal behavior (NVB) that incorporates a perspective of consciousness. We leverage an understanding of the neural pathways innervating NVB to describe the complexity of its neural architecture and the links between those pathways and mental states. We suggest that all NVB are activated by both cortical and subcortical structures, allowing for unconscious, coordinated movements across multiple channels as well as conscious, less coordinated movements; that mental states are associated with both cortical and subcortical structures; and thus that NVB will occur in multiple channels, both unconsciously and consciously, and differ across time. We discuss the implications of this model for future theory and research.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2023-03-22T06:43:27Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739231163177
- Somatovisceral Influences on Emotional Development
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Authors: Kelly E. Faig, Karen E. Smith, Stephanie J. Dimitroff
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
Frameworks of emotional development have tended to focus on how environmental factors shape children's emotion understanding. However, individual experiences of emotion represent a complex interplay between both external environmental inputs and internal somatovisceral signaling. Here, we discuss the importance of afferent signals and coordination between central and peripheral mechanisms in affective response processing. We propose that incorporating somatovisceral theories of emotions into frameworks of emotional development can inform how children understand emotions in themselves and others. We highlight promising directions for future research on emotional development incorporating this perspective, namely afferent cardiac processing and interoception, immune activation, physiological synchrony, and social touch.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2023-03-17T06:39:40Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739231163180
- Room for Feelings: A “Working Memory” Account of Affective
Processing-
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Authors: Lotte F. van Dillen, Wilhelm Hofmann
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
In the past decades, affective science has overwhelmingly demonstrated the unique properties of affective information to bias our attention, memory, and decisions. At the same time, accumulating evidence suggests that neutral and affective representations rely on the same working memory substrates for the selection and computation of information and that they are therefore restricted by the same capacity limitations that these substrates impose. Here, we integrate these insights into a working memory model of affective processing (WMAP). Drawing on competitive access models of working memory, we discuss its role in the various stages of affective processing, from attentional selection to maintenance and memory storage, and resulting feelings and actions. We end our overview with some open questions and future directions.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2023-01-25T05:57:39Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739221150233
- Skin Complexion and the Blush
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Authors: W. Raymond Crozier
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
The implications of variation in skin pigmentation for the blush have attracted discussion for centuries. Two long-standing positions are identified. First, the blush has been identified with shame, giving rise to claims that because people with dark skin do not blush they do not have the capacity to experience shame. Second, the meaning of a visible blush can be ambiguous. A review of more recent theorizing and empirical research suggests that people blush whatever their level of pigmentation; the blush tends to be associated with embarrassment rather than shame; it serves both intraindividual and communicative functions. Nevertheless, there has been little systematic investigation into the impact of the relative discernibility of the blush on emotional experience or its functions.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2023-01-18T06:12:27Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739221150236
- Analysis and Classification of Music-Induced States of Sadness
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Authors: Oliver Herdson, Tuomas Eerola, Amir-Homayoun Javadi
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
The enjoyment and pleasure derived from sad music has sparked fascination among researchers due to its seemingly paradoxical nature in producing positive affect. Research is yet to develop a comprehensive understanding of this “paradox.” Contradictory findings have resulted in a great variability within the literature, meaning results and interpretations can be difficult to derive. Consequently, this review collated the current literature, seeking to utilize the variability in the findings to propose a model of differential sad states, providing a means for past and future findings to be interpreted. The proposed model is based on theoretical understanding, as such it requires full empirical support. Comparisons to alternative models, theoretical, clinical, and cognitive implications, as well as future directions are discussed.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2022-11-29T05:45:20Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739221140472
- Situated Affectivity and Mind Shaping: Lessons from Social Psychology*
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Authors: Sven Walter, Achim Stephan
First page: 3
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
Proponents of situated affectivity hold that “tools for feeling” are just as characteristic of the human condition as are “tools for thinking” or tools for carpentry. An agent’s affective life, they argue, is dependent upon both physical characteristics of the agent and the agent’s reciprocal relationship to an appropriately structured natural, technological, or social environment. One important achievement has been the distinction between two fundamentally different ways in which affectivity might be intertwined with the environment: the “user-resource-model” and the “mind-invasion-model.” The twofold purpose of this paper is to complement the debate about situated affectivity in general and about “mind invasion” in particular by, firstly, connecting it to situationist research in social psychology and, secondly, broadening the perspective to not only accommodate decidedly detrimental “invasions” but also potentially beneficial forms of “mind shaping” that include the manipulation of an agent’s experiential life and behaviour through the moulding of both the agent’s environment and the agent’s body.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2022-07-14T06:06:59Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739221112419
- How Awe Shaped Us: An Evolutionary Perspective
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Authors: Matthew T. Richesin, Debora R. Baldwin
First page: 17
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
Research shows the experience of awe is associated with a variety of benefits ranging from increased well-being and prosocial behavior to enhanced cognition. The adaptive purpose of awe, however, is elusive. In this article, we aim to show that the current framework used to conceptualize awe points towards higher-order cognition as the key adaptive function. This goes against past evolutionary positions that posit social benefits or unidimensional behavioral adaptations. In the second half of the article, we highlight a distinct cognitive advantage of awe. The literature connecting awe and cognition is surveyed and used to develop a view that situates awe as a critical component in the cognitive success of the human species.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2022-12-21T03:54:46Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739221136893
- Parent–Child Attachment and Dynamic Emotion Regulation: A Systematic
Review-
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Authors: Carli A. Obeldobel, Laura E. Brumariu, Kathryn A. Kerns
First page: 28
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
Although there is evidence parent–child attachment security is associated with trait-like emotion indices, trait perspectives do not fully capture children's responses to context, an important emotion regulation component. This paper evaluates whether attachment is associated with two dynamic emotion indicators: emotion reactivity and emotion recovery. We review conceptual and empirical connections, describe the dynamic emotion perspective, discuss hypotheses, and review evidence. Our review (15 studies) shows that secure attachment was more consistently related to recovery than reactivity, avoidant attachment was related to low emotion reactivity and recovery, ambivalent attachment was associated with greater emotion reactivity, and disorganized attachment was related to high reactivity and recovery difficulties. We close by comparing trait-like and dynamic emotion conclusions then propose future research directions.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2022-11-09T06:48:34Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739221136895
- The Undoing Effect of Positive Emotions: A Meta-Analytic Review
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Authors: Maciej Behnke, Magdalena Pietruch, Patrycja Chwiłkowska, Eliza Wessel, Lukasz D. Kaczmarek, Mark Assink, James J. Gross
First page: 45
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
The undoing hypothesis proposes that positive emotions serve to undo sympathetic arousal related to negative emotions and stress. However, a recent qualitative review challenged the undoing effect by presenting conflicting results. To address this issue quantitatively, we conducted a meta-analytic review of 16 studies (N = 1,220; 72 effect sizes) measuring sympathetic recovery during elicited positive emotions and neutral conditions. Findings indicated that in most cases, positive emotions did not speed sympathetic recovery compared to neutral conditions. However, when a composite index of cardiovascular reactivity was used, undoing effects were evident. Our findings suggest the need for further work on the functions of positive emotions.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2022-06-07T05:13:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739221104457
- Specificity Versus Generality: A Meta-Analytic Review Of The Association
Between Trait Disgust Sensitivity And Moral Judgment-
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Authors: Michael R. Donner, Shaheed Azaad, Garth A. Warren, Simon M. Laham
First page: 63
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
Disgust seems to play an important role in moral judgment. However, it is unclear whether the role of disgust in moral judgment is limited to certain kinds of moral domains (versus many) and/or certain types of disgust (versus many). To clarify these questions, we conducted a multilevel meta-analysis (k = 512; N = 72,443) on relations between trait disgust sensitivity and moral judgment (disgust-immorality association). Main analyses revealed a significant overall mean disgust-immorality association (r = .23). Additionally, moderator analyses revealed significant specificity in disgust type and moral domain (grounded in Moral Foundations Theory): effects were stronger for (a) sexual disgust compared to pathogen disgust, (b) sanctity moral judgments compared to other domains of moral judgments, and (c) sexual-sanctity associations compared to other disgust type-moral domain pairings.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2022-12-14T07:56:03Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739221114643
- What is Sympathy' Understanding the Structure of Other-Oriented
Emotions-
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Authors: Elodie Malbois
First page: 85
Abstract: Emotion Review, Ahead of Print.
Sympathy (empathic concern) is mainly understood as a feeling for another and is often contrasted with empathy—a feeling with another. However, it is not clear what feeling for another means and what emotions sympathy involves. Since empirical data suggests that sympathy plays an important role in our social lives and is more closely connected to helping behavior than empathy, we need a more detailed account. In this paper, I argue that sympathy is not a particular emotion but a type of emotional experience: those that have another person as focus. I explain what this means and show that this sheds light on why sympathy, rather than empathy, directly motivates altruistic actions.
Citation: Emotion Review
PubDate: 2022-11-22T07:38:55Z
DOI: 10.1177/17540739221140404
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