 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- Humbug and a ‘Welsh Hindoo’: A Small History of Begging, Race and
Language in Mid-nineteenth Century Liverpool-
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Pages: 387 - 404
Abstract: AbstractIn 1849, a Liverpool newspaper printed a letter about an encounter with a lascar who was selling hymn sheets. The same newspaper had recently reported the arrest of someone similar for drunkenness and the letter writer, a migrant from Wales, confronted the hymn seller angrily in Welsh. To his surprise, the man responded in the same language and eventually confessed to being from Anglesey rather than Bombay. Much about the incident is unclear. Had the hymn seller coloured his skin' Why did he regard passing as an Indian as a useful sales technique' Why was the letter writer angry and why did he confront the man in Welsh' Did the incident even happen' Attempting to answer such questions can provide pointers to much wider historical issues. A ‘small history’ of this incident offers an opportunity to explore the dynamics of class, language and race in the middle of the nineteenth century. The incident reveals the anxieties the middle classes had around their position and whether their goodwill was being exploited by the poor. It points towards the impact of racism on people of colour and the significance of ethnicity for white migrants too. The incident also illustrates how the working classes and people of colour were not without agency, however they were thought about by those whose attitudes and power shaped their lives. Yet all these interpretations rest on a degree of supposition and the article concludes that historians too can engage in a degree of deception in their writings.
PubDate: Fri, 27 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac033
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- Performing Plainness in Sarah Stickney Ellis’s Friends at Their Own
Fireside: Or, Pictures of the Private Life of the People Called Quakers-
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Pages: 405 - 423
Abstract: AbstractWhile Quaker plainness has encapsulated multiple positive meanings such as piety, worldliness and even human equality, many were attentive to its rootedness in social discipline and surveillance. Drawing on nineteenth-century assessments of Quaker plainness, both in journals and fiction, this article explores the dynamics of self-fashioning and performance that are exposed to be an important part of these bodily experiences of Quaker plainness. Plainness is not only self-disciplining but also controls the social and visual dynamics of displaying, seeing, and interpreting the body. Sarah Stickney Ellis’s Friends at Their Own Fireside: Or, Pictures of the Private Life of the People Called Quakers (1858) provides an intriguing account of the private experiences of plain Quaker women and their resistance to forms of social control and scrutiny. I use the context of this novel to examine the subjective experience of Quaker women as wearers of plain dress in ways that expose their agency and involvement in observing and adhering to these codes rather than completely or obliviously succumbing to social authority and control. The exploration of female plainness in this novel, as I will argue, confounds the notions of discipline attached to Quaker plainness, and instead brings to light women’s agency in navigating their identity and personal space in such a context.
PubDate: Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac042
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- From ‘a piece of grossness’ to ‘minute particularity’: Queen
Victoria’s First Pregnancy in the British Press-
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Pages: 424 - 446
Abstract: AbstractIt is a truism that Victorians were prudish about pregnant bodies. Interrogating this assumption, this paper provides a case study of one of the century’s most public pregnancies: that of Queen Victoria with her first child. It tracks press speculations about and discussions of Victoria’s pregnancy from weeks after her 10 February 1840 marriage to Princess Victoria’s 21 November birth. During this period, Victoria’s body was subject to relentless press scrutiny, ranging from speculations about possible pregnancy shortly after marriage to comments about her sex life with Albert. In summer 1840, concern shifted to possible miscarriage after an unsuccessful assassination attempt and the need for a regency if she died in childbirth. Finally, Princess Victoria’s birth prompted surprisingly detailed descriptions of Victoria’s labour and delivery as well as speculations about when the child was conceived. Victorian periodicals demonstrated awareness of their own coverage, accusing other papers of ‘grossness’ and objecting to the ‘minute particularity’ of accounts of her labour. Repeatedly invoking delicacy even as they detailed Victoria’s body, the national press captures the stakes of writing about the queen’s ‘interesting condition’. Clearly, it was not impossible for Victorians to speak about pregnancy.
PubDate: Tue, 26 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac010
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- Performing the Self through Orientalizing the Kurds in Isabella Bird’s
Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan-
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Pages: 447 - 460
Abstract: AbstractThis article fleshes out the various ways Isabella Bird performs the self in her travel account, Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan (1891), mainly in her engagement with the Kurdish people. Deploying Judith Butler’s theory of performativity of gender, we argue that travel writing is empowering for Bird because it offers her a viable platform to perform a variety of selves through which she can voice her complicated and nuanced socio-political views and promote her image. Moreover, we contend that Bird’s representation of the Kurds and their region is informed by Orientalist ideology of the time as well as her own complex subject position. The fluidity of Bird’s identity, which is represented through performing a rich diversity of masculine and feminine selves in her account, exposes the constructed nature of gender. Bird not only undermines the prescribed gender boundaries of her time, but also demands the right for herself, as a woman writer, to be both caring and daring by playing the roles of a brave traveller, intellectual explorer, devoted Hakim, shrewd political analyst, religious commentator, and receptive ethnographer in Journeys.
PubDate: Sun, 05 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac036
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- ‘Quite a pleasant little afternoon’s sport’: Imperial Femininity and
Hunting Culture in Impressions of a Tenderfoot-
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Pages: 461 - 476
Abstract: AbstractThis article examines the 1890 book Impressions of a Tenderfoot during a journey in search of sport in the Far West, by Susan MacKinnon St Maur. It argues that St Maur used conventions of male-produced texts on hunting and masculine notions of sport, while drawing on ‘feminine’ themes and topics as well, charting a unique ‘imperial femininity’ (Procida 2001). She proclaimed her ability to participate in male-coded outdoor activities, and argued for her place in the British Empire. Instead of obviously appropriating masculinity and challenging normative femininity, she found ways to make her exploits more palatable to her readers, while still asserting her status as a ‘sportsman’. Descriptions of the people she meets, whether settler or Indigenous, and her concern with race and the politics of imperialism, stress her place in the hierarchy of the colonial project, based on her own race and class, complicating normative gender roles of the period.
PubDate: Mon, 25 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac009
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- ‘A Library of Our Own Compositions’: The Minervian Library and
Children’s Social Authorship in Victorian Orkney-
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Pages: 477 - 492
Abstract: AbstractThis article examines the Minervian Library, an extraordinary collection of children’s manuscript stories produced in mid-Victorian Orkney. Established in 1866 by sisters Mary and Clara Cowan and their cousin Isabella Bremner, the collaborative project had ambitions beyond its beginnings as a family literary endeavour: the girls envisaged a working library complete with membership and borrowing records. On offer to the ‘Library Damsels of the Minervian Library’, as they dubbed their members, were 50 of their own original compositions, mostly comprising fairy tales, domestic dramas, and stories of European nobility. In this article, we argue that an analysis of these manuscripts and the social networks in which they were produced and circulated challenges our understanding of literary juvenilia and its relationship to wider cultural processes. We posit that the manuscripts offer a striking example of juvenile ‘social authorship’, not only in the sense of their circulation among a community of readers, but also in the ways that the authors actively engaged with developing literary trends, such as the emergence of the European literary fairy tale, and responded to contemporary debates about girlhood and girls’ lives. In this way, the Minervian Library demonstrates that children were not simply passive consumers of cultural activities, but could also be participants in the creation of collective meanings and discourses.
PubDate: Sat, 09 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac035
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- Killing the Letter: Alternate Literacies and Orthographic Distortions in
Jude the Obscure-
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Pages: 493 - 506
Abstract: AbstractWhen Jude the Obscure (1895) was published as a single volume novel, Hardy added the biblical epithet ‘the letter killeth’ to the title page. In Jude and across his works, Hardy revels in moments in which literacy seems to undo itself. This article traces Hardy’s attempts to ‘kill the letter’ through non-standard engagements with orthography as part of a larger proto-modernist approach that destabilizes the fixity of meaning. There are several concerns linked to the growing primacy of literacy that appear time and again in Hardy’s novels, specifically: the alternative literacies of the lesser educated, semiotic multiplicities, and the transformative potential of spelling mistakes. I suggest that Hardy’s treatment of these themes demonstrates a sustained effort to ‘kill the letter’ and challenge the assumption of progress made by the various educational reforms that had taken place in the latter half of the nineteenth century.
PubDate: Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac034
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- ‘Going home when it was not home’: Jamais Vu in
Nineteenth-Century British Fiction-
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Pages: 507 - 525
Abstract: Abstract‘Jamais vu’ is a strange mnemonic disturbance that we continue to experience today, though few of us know what to call it. French for ‘never seen,’ jamais vu is the opposite of déjà vu (‘already seen’), and is defined as the temporary inability to recognize familiar things, people, and/or contexts. This essay comprises, to my knowledge, the first literary history of jamais vu. I begin by describing the complex features of this mnemonic disturbance, and uncovering its lost Victorian scientific archive. Though jamais vu went without a name until the 1920s, I also find it hiding in plain sight in nineteenth-century novels as early as Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park, as well as in the work of Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, George Eliot, and Elizabeth Gaskell. From here, I follow jamais vu’s trajectory from realist accounts of everyday life into mid-century representations of the haunted house, where it becomes something more than a mnemonic disturbance. By attending to literary representations of jamais vu avant la lettre, I demonstrate its importance not just as a lost Victorian scientific concept, but also as a rich interdisciplinary category that is of great interest to scholars of the nineteenth century and beyond. Specifically, I show that jamais vu was integral to the development and popularity of the Victorian gothic, through which movement it exceeded its status as a mnemonic disturbance, re-emerging as a pervasive modern affect that we have inherited from the Victorians.
PubDate: Sat, 05 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac006
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- Ecumenism to Ontology: Stoker’s Theology of the Host
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Pages: 526 - 541
Abstract: AbstractBram Stoker’s novel Dracula is replete with religious symbolism, from devotional objects to sacred imagery. Despite the novel’s theological richness, little has been written on Stoker’s theology, and most criticism has focused on interpreting the novel as an affirmation of either Anglicanism or Catholicism. Building on Alison Milbank’s argument in God and the Gothic, this essay shows how Stoker’s theology eschews the boundaries of rigid dogmatism, seeking instead an ecumenical and eccentric theology. It is through such theological exploration, I argue, that the novel discovers and frames questions of ontological hierarchy. Stoker’s use of the Host, in particular, enables him to engage with sacramental presence, and to subvert tropes associated with the Gothic in a manner which plunges the novel into a mode of free theological exploration grounded in the physicality of both sinfulness and grace. Focusing on the implications of the Host in the novel, this article provides an in-depth analysis of theological meaning, showing how the novel’s premise refuses to fit into any particular doctrinal framework, and demonstrates that what lies at the core of Stoker’s vision is an ontological system which reaffirms divine primacy over the human.
PubDate: Thu, 07 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac031
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- ‘Medical Popes’ and ‘Vaccination Protestants’: Anti-Catholicism
and the Campaign against Compulsory Vaccination in Victorian England-
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Pages: 542 - 558
Abstract: AbstractThe anti-vaccination campaign of the late nineteenth century has attracted the attention of historians in recent decades. The campaign against compulsory vaccination for smallpox gained the support of hundreds of thousands of people in Victorian Britain. Many objected to vaccination on scriptural grounds. Many others claimed that it was contradictory to their belief in mesmerism, Swedenborgianism or hydropathy. Still others argued that the Vaccination Acts of 1867 and 1871 represented a violation of individual liberties. One overlooked aspect of this movement relates to the use of anti-Catholic rhetoric in the speeches and literature which its leaders produced. A significant proportion of these leaders were drawn from the community of medical dissent. These individuals lived through a period when anti-Catholicism began to wane as a political force in England. Confronted with the new phenomenon of medical professionalization, they sought to style themselves as the inheritors of a Protestant tradition. In doing so, this article suggests that they attempted to repurpose the frailties of their movement – its reputation as crankish, plebeian or marginal – as strengths, and the avowed expertise of medical professionals as a weakness.
PubDate: Sun, 05 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac044
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- Inconsistency is the Key: Unravelling the Relationship between Victorian
Penny Fiction and Radical Politics-
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Pages: 559 - 561
Abstract: The Penny Politics of Victorian Popular Fiction, by BretonRob, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2021, 234 pp., £80 (hardback). ISBN 978-1-5261-5638-9.
PubDate: Mon, 30 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac038
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- Hot Off the Press
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Pages: 562 - 564
Abstract: Empire News, The Anglo-Indian Press Writes India: by JoshiPriti, Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2021, vii + 261 pp., £24.05 (paperback), ISBN 9781438484136
PubDate: Mon, 04 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac039
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- The ABCs of Fame Culture in an ‘Age of Reform’
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Pages: 565 - 567
Abstract: Celebrities, Heroes and Champions: Popular Politicians in the Age of Reform, 1810–67, by MorganS. J., Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2021, viii + 308 pp., £85 (hardback), ISBN 978-5261-1743-4
PubDate: Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac040
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- War at t’ Parsonage: The Brontës and Military Conflict
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Pages: 568 - 571
Abstract: The Brontës and War: Fantasy and Conflict in Charlotte and Branwell Brontë’s Youthful Writings by ButcherEmma, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, xiii + 216pp., £64.99 (hardback), ISBN 978-3-319-95635-0 (hbk); 978-3-319-95636-7 (ebk)
PubDate: Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac043
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall”: Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Version 2.0-
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Pages: 571 - 574
Abstract: Two-Way Mirror: The Life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, by SampsonFiona, New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2021, xv + 336 pp, $27.95 (hardcover), ISBN 978-1-324-00295-6
PubDate: Tue, 31 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac041
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
- Notes on Contributors
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Pages: 575 - 576
Abstract: Martin Johnes is Professor of Modern History at Swansea University. His publications include Wales: England’s Colony' (2019) which was turned into a television series by the BBC. He is currently writing a book about the role of education in the anglicization of Victorian Wales.
PubDate: Sat, 13 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT
DOI: 10.1093/jvcult/vcac052
Issue No: Vol. 27, No. 3 (2022)
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