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Authors:Sharon L. Sassler, Kristin E. Smith, Katherine Michelmore Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Although women’s representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) employment has increased significantly over the past few decades, their presence remains low in fields like computer science. Using the National Science Foundation’s Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT), this paper assesses the factors shaping employment in STEM and non-STEM occupations among men and women with bachelor’s degrees in computer science. Our results reveal that women with degrees in computer science are far less likely than their male counterparts to be employed in STEM occupations, particularly in computer science jobs. But family factors do not have the expected association with employment in computer science jobs. Men who are parents and childless women are more likely to work in non-STEM jobs versus computer science jobs, relative to childless men. Furthermore, the gender gap in employment in computer science jobs is larger among those graduating in the new millennium, suggesting that other factors are at play. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-10-28T11:51:06Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231195024
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Authors:Meghan Olivia Warner Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. In recent decades, advocates have sought to combat stereotypes about sexual violence and victims. This effort included replacing the term “victim” with the term “survivor,” but researchers have little understanding of how people who have experienced violence understand these terms. Drawing on in-depth interviews of 30 young people marginalized by gender who have experienced sexual violence, I find that few strongly identified with either label. Respondents described victim and survivor in contrast with each other, creating two typologies of response post-violence that exist along a continuum. Respondents described “victim” as an all-encompassing label that communicated overall weakness and passivity. Most distanced themselves from the victim label and aspired to the survivor label. However, most did not identify as survivors. They described being a survivor as the result of a long process toward becoming strong, morally worthy people who had “moved on” and were ready to advocate for others. Respondents’ descriptions of survivors constitutes what I theorize as the “perfect survivor narrative,” a cultural script that made it difficult for most people in the sample to identify as a survivor, with implications for their racialized and gendered self-perceptions. The findings demonstrate the freedoms and constraints of using new language to combat dominant narratives. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-10-14T08:50:20Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231195340
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Authors: Travers, N. Scott, K. J. Reed, P. Hall, M. Winters, G. Kwan, K. Park Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. This article makes the case that electric micromobilities (EMMs) are the site of a moral panic and employs the lens of mobility justice to explain it. Through analysis of scholarly and media discourse, interviews with, and social media content produced by, EMM riders (eriders), and the auto ethnographic experiences of the lead author as an electric unicycle rider in daily life, as a participant in online and offline “erider” communities, and as a food delivery worker, we reinforce the conclusion that alternate mobilities face an uphill battle in gaining legitimacy and inclusion in transportation policy and infrastructure. While this is not a new finding—alternate mobilities have a long history of being demonized and excluded—this article offers insight into how individuals who find themselves unwitting scapegoats in conflicts over public space consciously engage in deliberate actions to resist EMM panic and achieve greater mobility justice. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-10-03T11:56:08Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231193355
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Authors:Bo-Hyeong Jane Lee, Anna Manzoni Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. This paper examines varying patterns of exchanges in financial and residential support between parents and children. We apply a life course perspective to explore how patterns of intergenerational support unfold throughout adulthood. Using Waves 3 to 5 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we conduct a repeated measure latent class analysis and identify six pathways of intergenerational exchange. About one-third of individuals have minimal intergenerational exchange while the majority share some form of residential and financial assistance with their parents between their late teens and early forties. Upward and downward intergenerational exchanges are most common among Blacks, Hispanics, and families with less formal educational backgrounds, whereas pathways of complete independence are most common among White families. This paper challenges the notion of complete independence as a necessary marker of adulthood and maps out the diverse patterns of intergenerational exchange along multiple dimensions over the life course. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-08-31T08:11:45Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231193342
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Authors:Lena Gunnarsson Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. The proliferation of “sugar dating” websites, facilitating transactional relationships between a “sugar baby” and a “sugar daddy,” raises new questions about the reconfigured relationship between intimacy and economy in the contemporary Global North. By encouraging people to approach sex and intimacy through a logic of exchange, sugar dating has been claimed to represent the culmination of a broader trend towards a ”marketization” of intimacy. Based on semi-structured interviews, this article analyzes Swedish “sugar babies”’ investment in a transactional approach to intimate interactions with men, focusing on the emotional rewards that they associate with the transactional setup of sugar dating. While the participants’ transactional approach to intimacy is bolstered by the cultural dispersal of a neoliberal rationality into ever more domains of life, I argue that its deeper roots need to be sought in the precarious conditions of contemporary intimacy. Drawing in particular on the work of Eva Illouz, I claim that the women’s embracement of a transactional approach to heterosexual sex and intimacy may be read as a defensive tactic of seeking to gain control over the flows of intimate interaction in light of the (gendered) insecurities and vulnerabilities of the contemporary market of intimacy. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-08-21T06:02:36Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231191771
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Authors:Victor Agadjanian, Sophia Chae Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Labor migration is a massive global reality, and its effects on the well-being of nonmigrating household members vary considerably. However, much existing research is limited to cross-sectional or short-term assessments of these effects. This study uses unique longitudinal panel data collected over 12 years in rural Mozambique to examine long-term connections of women’s exposure to husband’s labor migration with women’s material security, their perception of their households’ relative economic standing in the community, their overall life satisfaction, and their expectations of future improvements in household conditions. To capture the cumulative quality of such exposure, we use two approaches: one based on migrant remittances (“objective”) and the other based on woman’s own assessment of migration’s impact on the household (“subjective”). The multivariable analyses detect a significant positive association between “objective” migration quality and household assets, regardless of women’s current marital status and other characteristics. However, net of household assets, “objective” quality shows a positive association with life satisfaction, but not with perceived relative standing of the household or future expectations. In comparison, “subjective” quality is positively associated with all the outcomes even after controlling for other characteristics. These findings illustrate the gendered complexities of long-term migration impact on nonmigrants’ well-being. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-07-08T10:39:24Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231180557
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Authors:Tiffanie Vo, Cyrus Schleifer, Peyman Hekmatpour Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Asian Americans nearing economic parity with White individuals is unique, particularly given the historical and contemporary disadvantaged position of other racial minorities in the U.S. labor market. While there is growing literature exploring how Asian Americans are reshaping the labor force, most of these studies categorize them as a homogenous group, failing to recognize social, cultural, and historical diversities within the community. Using the Current Population Survey, we investigate income disparity trends across ethnic groups and gender. Results show that Asian American men and women have high income levels compared to other racial minority groups. However, these perceived advantages reinforce racial stereotypes and mask income variations within these groups and across genders. We find a widening gender income gap over recent years for Asian ethnic groups, highlighting how race and gender interact to shape their labor-market experiences. We conclude by discussing the implications for future studies in labor-market research. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-07-08T10:30:44Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231177019
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Authors:Zheng Mu, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Migration occurs at earlier ages, lasts for long periods, and profoundly shapes migrants’ experiences of cohabitation. We use a mixed-method approach based on the 2012 China Family Panel Studies and 127 in-depth interviews. To address potential selection bias, we estimated the treatment effects of migration based on propensity score matching. Results show that migrants, particularly rural-origin migrants with longer migration duration, are more likely to cohabit than their non-migrant counterparts. Qualitative interviews reveal the main underlying mechanisms: more liberal attitudes and less parental supervision in the receiving communities, a desire to vet potential partners in the absence of background knowledge, and economic barriers to marriage that make cohabitation an attractive buffer. Although migrants may cohabit as a sub-optimal option due to life instabilities and financial pressures, cohabitation also reflects a newly gained autonomy in their private lives, attributable to the liberal mindsets toward nonconventional family behaviors in the receiving communities. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-07-04T09:10:15Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231180559
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Authors:Meggan M. Jordan, Jennifer Marie Whitmer Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Conspiracy theory researchers observed how the conspiracy theory known as QAnon traveled from dark Web message boards like 4chan to mainstream sources like Facebook, turning everyday people into fervent believers. However, the responses from nonbelievers have been overlooked. We report findings from in-depth interviews with adults (n = 20) who identify as concerned about their family member’s involvement with the QAnon conspiracy theory. Overall, the findings reveal the fundamental basis for nonbelievers’ concern about QAnon. Participants reported epistemic conflicts, out-of-character behavior, broken boundaries, and fears of future actions due to their family member’s involvement in QAnon. The study contributes to the theoretical concept of cognitive deviance by empirically documenting the point at which beliefs become deviant in the eyes of others. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-07-04T09:01:36Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231181383
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Authors:Daniel Gil-Benumeya Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Taking as our starting point the premise that all domination mechanisms are based partly on their naturalization and reproduction by the very persons that experience them, this study uses the notion of “internalized racism” to explore how Muslims living in Spain internalize some of the cultural and ideological myths that sustain the racism and Islamophobia they experience, especially in relation to institutional practices of control and discrimination. It contributes an innovative approach to the knowledge of racism in the Spanish context, showing how religious and racialized minorities in Spain understand, perceive, experience, and at times reproduce the discrimination they are subject to, and how Islamophobia is entwined with other forms of racism and exclusion as well as with Spain’s specific historical relationship with Islam. The research is based on qualitative data obtained from eight discussion groups that met between 2019 and 2021 and comprised a total of 61 Muslims resident in various parts of Spain. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-07-03T06:33:42Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231180555
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Authors:Magda Nico, Maria Gilvania Silva, Ana Caetano Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Keeping and telling secrets are acts of intimacy. This article explores secret-telling-friendly methodologies, capable of encouraging individuals to share their life stories in their own terms, with particular episodes, emotional connections, protagonists, and also secrets. The openness of our research design played an important part in the identification of the role of secret-storytelling in the understanding of life. This was enhanced by methodological tools mobilized during the biographical interviews with individuals of families (the life calendar and the socio-genealogical tree). It testifies the importance of the research design, and method lato sensu, in the sociological analysis of secrets. Each secret connects to the person’s biography, social positioning, historical context, and generational anchor, contributing to understand more about wider social, gender, family, interpersonal, and normative values of given time-space coordinates. Secrets are narrative and emotional devices to build biographical narratives and chronologize life stories, bridging biography and society, exemplarily. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-06-27T12:15:45Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231180563
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Authors:Min Ju Kim Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. Unpaid caregiving by family or friends has increased over the recent years, with a simultaneous decline in the health of caregivers. Yet, limited research has examined the interrelationships between caregiving status, gender, age and health, or how dimensions of caregiving (type of care, relationship with care recipient) complicate these relationships. Using data from 428,395 U.S. adults from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), I find that young adult men and women providing personal care report poorer self-rated health than noncaregivers. Regarding the relationship with care recipient, young adults caring for a spouse/partner report the poorest self-rated health, and particularly women. Overall, caregiving tends to be more adversely associated with health among young adults when the type of care provided is personal or when they have an ill spouse/partner to care for, both of which can be construed as off-timed from the life course perspective. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2023-06-26T08:48:31Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214231180558
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Authors:Uriel Serrano, May Lin, Jamileh Ebrahimi, Jose Orellana, Rosanai Paniagua, Veronica Terriquez Abstract: Sociological Perspectives, Ahead of Print. This article highlights main themes that emerged from our panel featuring youth organizers and scholars of youth social movements in California. We focus on how organizations uplift youth leadership, foster queer inclusivity, build across racial difference, and cultivate “beloved community,” a concept popularized by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Our organizations address the root causes of inequities that threaten low-income communities of color, while adapting to contemporary challenges by proposing new modes of social change. For example, youth-centered leadership has long been at the crux of youth organizing; meanwhile, “healing” has increasingly emerged as a prominent aspect of youth organizations devoted to social change. This article thus summarizes our panel’s insights about youth organizing across California. Citation: Sociological Perspectives PubDate: 2021-05-05T12:36:38Z DOI: 10.1177/07311214211010565
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