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Authors:Maria Stoicescu, Michael G. Flaherty Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Time work has served as part of the conceptual framework for research that explores the connection between agency and temporal experience. We advance this line of inquiry by asking how temporal agency is refracted through the lens of gender when people use the Tinder dating app. Our analysis is based on 44 semistructured interviews with Tinder users in Romania conducted between 2019 and 2022. Tinder is designed to promote a fast-paced dating dynamic, but our findings show that people customize various dimensions of their temporal experience, including duration, frequency, sequence, timing, allocation, and stealing time. Users strive to develop temporal tactics that suit their dating aims while typically adhering to gendered expectations. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-10-31T09:45:48Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231205860
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Authors:Freeden Blume Oeur, Candice Robinson Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. We raise concerns about Quadlin and Montgomery’s Social Psychology Quarterly article, “When a Name Gives You Pause,” a study of whether racialized names affect the time to dog adoption in a county shelter. Our comment is guided by the recent insistence of American Sociological Association leadership for greater critical introspection in sociological research. First, the study is ahistorical by overlooking histories of human-animal relations and naming in the construction of anti-Blackness. Second, the study is acontextual by contorting labor market research and color-blind perspectives in a manner that directs undue attention to the treatment of dogs without specifying the concrete disadvantages for Black people. The study’s narrow focus on adopters misrepresents organizational factors within animal shelters. These various oversights invest Quadlin and Montgomery’s article in a whiteness-centered sociological tradition. We urge divesting from this tradition and conclude with a call for sociology to be more educative and reflexive. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-10-31T09:41:28Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231204877
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Authors:Diego Dametto, Luc Vieira, Tobias Schröder, Christophe Blaison Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. We investigate between- and within-country consensus about affective meanings of social identities along the evaluation, potency, and activity dimensions from the affect control theory research tradition. Ratings for 387 (194 male and 193 female) identities were collected from two samples representative of the French (N = 700) and German (N = 700) populations for age, gender, and region. Guided by two preregistered hypotheses based on previous cross-cultural research, our analysis points to considerable cultural consensus between French and Germans who seem to share a common “Carolingian” affective culture; yet some culture-specific patterns concerning the evaluation dimension and evaluation-potency interactions were found to be statistically significant. We interpret these results in terms of known cross-cultural features such as power distance and conceptions of power. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-10-31T05:18:02Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231205855
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Authors:Joshua Doyle Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. The roots of social trust have long been a scholarly concern. Some argue that it is a disposition gained in early socialization that is stable despite social experiences. Others argue that social arrangements that structure prosocial interactions can cultivate it. Analyzing in-depth interview data, I contribute to this literature by developing a theory of fragile trust, stable mistrust. The results suggest interviewees understand early socialization as an important factor in the development of their own social trust. They also suggest these early experiences are structured by important socioeconomic factors. In addition, many interviewees recount a loss of social trust because of significant negative experiences, whereas none relate an experience building trust. I argue that these dynamics are driven by trustors being more interested in the kinds of activities theorized to enhance social trust than mistrusting individuals and by the cognitive mechanisms of the negativity and confirmation biases. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-10-16T10:56:28Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231204848
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Authors:Peter J. Burke, Jan E. Stets Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Identity verification occurs when individuals’ situational identity meanings match the meanings in their identity standard. When a person verifies an identity, they feel understood, and they feel good. When an identity is not verified, people feel misunderstood, and they feel bad. Two identity characteristics that may moderate people’s negative reactions to identity nonverification are identity prominence or importance and identity salience or time spent in the identity. We study these moderating effects on a national sample of adults who had problems verifying their identities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The identities included worker, friend, romantic partner, and family member. The results show, as hypothesized, that identity prominence increases the negative responses to nonverification, while identity salience decreases the negative responses to identity nonverification. We discuss how these countervailing effects advance our understanding of identity prominence and salience. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-10-14T10:18:29Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231202255
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Authors:Cathryn Johnson, Ryan Gibson, Kate Hawks, Karen A. Hegtvedt Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Leaders with legitimacy attain substantial benefits in the workplace, like cooperation and minimal dissension from workers. We argue that legitimacy also benefits leaders by enhancing workers’ positive emotions and displays and reducing negative emotions and displays to their behaviors. Employed, adult study participants took the role of a worker and responded to a vignette description of a leader’s behaviors (use of fair/unfair decision- making procedures; high/low use of power benevolently) and status characteristics (Study 1, three months/three years of experience; Study 2, Black male/White male). Results confirm the expected patterns of effects of legitimacy on positive and negative emotions. Perceived legitimacy also largely mediates the effects of the leader’s behaviors and experience (but not race) on emotional responses. Legitimated leaders benefit from a flow of positive emotions and displays and are largely protected from negative emotions and displays that could jeopardize their legitimacy and ultimately the functioning of the work group. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-09-30T05:25:58Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231199720
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Authors:Amelia R. Branigan, Johanna G. Nunez, Mariya Adnan Khan, Rachel A. Gordon Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. It is well established that skin lightness-darkness is associated with social outcomes, but little is known regarding the social salience of skin undertones (redness and yellowness). Our study addresses two related research questions on this topic: first, we ask whether red and yellow undertones are consistently perceived by observers; second, we ask whether red and yellow undertones are associated with expectations of discrimination across a range of social settings. We address these questions using novel survey data in which skin lightness-darkness and undertones are captured using CIELAB measurements and a two-dimensional categorical skin color scale. Although we find skin lightness-darkness to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of discrimination expectations, respondents also perceived skin undertones consistently, and skin yellowness was associated with a higher predicted likelihood of discrimination net of lightness-darkness in certain social settings. Our findings suggest that colorism can extend beyond a light-dark binary and emphasize the value of capturing undertones, particularly yellowness, in social surveys assessing skin color. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-09-29T05:42:33Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231196851
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Authors:Michael Lee Wood Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. A long-standing concern in the study of culture is understanding how culture is distributed, often discussed in terms of cultural “coherence.” Cultural diversity, defined as the degree to which people share beliefs or meanings, is one dimension of cultural coherence that has been associated with many social outcomes. This article contributes to this area of research by considering how to measure cultural diversity in text and introducing a simple approach that uses word counts and sets of diversity indices (called “diversity profiles”). Text is useful for social-psychological analysis because as an artifact of individual thought, it provides a way to measure how beliefs and meanings are distributed and made salient across groups. The measurement approach outlined here contrasts to many contemporary computational approaches to measuring culture in text, which employ a relational logic of meaning based on word co-occurrences. While these more sophisticated approaches are well suited to measuring diversity in many instances, I show that there are some cases for which simpler measures based on word counts are ideal. After discussing the measurement of cultural diversity using word counts, I present a computational analysis of interview transcripts of American religious parents discussing the ages at which it is appropriate for children to participate in different practices often considered inappropriate for young children. The analysis points to the homogenizing influence of institutions on discussions of age appropriateness. I conclude by discussing implications for cultural analysis more generally. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-09-16T10:36:27Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231194356
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Authors:Melisa Demirović, Jonathan Rogers, Blaine G. Robbins Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Gender differences in wage negotiations have been offered as a popular explanation for why the gender gap in pay persists in the United States. In this study, we use data from an artificial wage negotiation experiment (N = 307) to examine the relationship between gender and wage negotiations and to test whether gender-role attitudes moderate this relationship. We find that gender-role attitudes moderate how gender influences the decision to negotiate, but not the outcomes of negotiations, and that forced negotiations do not lead to additional gains for women regardless of their gender-role attitudes. We conclude with a discussion of implications and directions for future research. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-09-14T11:36:52Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231195889
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Authors:Faith M. Deckard, Andrew Messamore, Bridget J. Goosby, Jacob E. Cheadle Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Discrimination-health research has been critiqued for neglecting the endogeneity of reports of discrimination to negative affect and the multidimensionality of mental health. To address these challenges, we model discrimination’s relationship to multiple psychological variables without directional constraints. Using time-dense data to identify associational network structures allows for joint testing of the social stress hypothesis, prominent in discrimination-health literature, and the negativity bias hypothesis, an endogeneity critique rooted in social psychology. Our results show discrimination predicts negative emotions from day-to-day but not vice versa, indicating that racial discrimination is a risk factor and not symptom of negative emotion. Furthermore, we identify sadness, guilt, hostility, and fear as a locus of interrelated emotions sensitive to racism-related stressors that emerges over time. Thus, we find support for what race scholars have argued for 120+ years in a model without a priori directional restrictions and then build on this work by empirically identifying cascading mental health consequences of discrimination. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:08:37Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725221123577
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Authors:Amelia R. Branigan, Matthew Hall Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Although sociological research on colorism has affirmed an association between lighter skin and socioeconomic advantage, causal estimates of discrimination are challenging to generate outside of experimental contexts. Using data from an audit study conducted by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, we present field experimental evidence of colorism in the rental housing market for Black and Hispanic Americans, demonstrating variation in discrimination by the race of the agent, race of the renter, and the outcome in question. Our findings suggest that a macrosocial preference for lighter skin has the potential to translate into microsocial interactions in more complicated ways than a consistent light-skin privilege, emphasizing the need to better understand how color-based discrimination operates in the lived contexts where interventions might be possible. Results also suggest that discrimination by skin color may reflect varied processes by race and ethnicity, necessitating an understanding of colorism as inherently intersectional. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:07:36Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725221129624
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Authors:Muna Adem, Shelley Rao, Helen B. Marrow, Melissa J. García, Dina G. Okamoto Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Perceived discrimination is often theorized within a bounded social context, and much of this literature focuses on how structural and socioeconomic factors shape minorities’ perceptions of discrimination. However, immigrants exist in varied social contexts given their exposure to both home and destination countries. In this study, we propose a relational framework to understand how stratification systems in one’s country of origin and relative group evaluations in new social contexts interact to shape experiences with perceived discrimination for immigrant groups. As a case study, we draw on an original, representative survey (N = 501) and follow-up interviews (N = 58) with Indian immigrants living in Atlanta and Philadelphia. Although respondents report a range of explicit to subtle discriminatory experiences, they often downplay or minimize them. We argue that interpreting these experiences relationally—in relation to Indians’ perceptions of discrimination abroad and toward other U.S. minority groups—is key to explaining this puzzle. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:06:36Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725221121825
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Authors:John N. Robinson, Elizabeth Korver-Glenn, Max Besbris Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. In this research note, we describe how theories of racial capitalism offer important insights into social psychological processes of racial discrimination, stereotyping, and more. First, the racial capitalism framework sheds light on the material conditions that shape social psychological aspects of racial domination and oppression, including processes of identity formation. Second, racial capitalism thinkers have emphasized how capitalism instrumentalizes racial identity and differentiation to spur accumulation. Third, racial capitalism points to intersectionality as key to understanding how social-structural factors shape the social psychological experiences and effects of discrimination for the racially disadvantaged. Social psychologists should incorporate these insights into their examinations of race and racism. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:06:01Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231159346
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Authors:Malissa Alinor, Ronald L. Simons, Man-Kit Lei Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Existing research demonstrates that racial discrimination negatively affects life outcomes for Black Americans. Yet, it is unknown how exposure to racial discrimination changes over time. To address this gap, we (1) assess the pattern of experiences with racial discrimination from age 10 to 30; (2) test how exposure to discrimination changes within childhood, adolescence, and adulthood; and (3) analyze factors associated with experiencing racial discrimination over time. To accomplish this, we use seven waves of the Family and Community Health Study, a longitudinal data set of Black Americans. We observe a curvilinear relationship between discrimination and age such that exposure initially increases in childhood, peaks in adolescence, then declines in adulthood. Using piecewise growth modeling, we find support for this pattern, marking the period from childhood to adolescence as a critical time period. Finally, factors such as geographical location, criminal justice involvement, and attending college are associated with experiencing greater racial discrimination. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:05:56Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231177645
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Authors:Oneya Fennell Okuwobi, Bradley Montgomery, David Melamed Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Double consciousness arises from a conflict between the negative appraisals of others and one’s own positive self-appraisal. In this study, we link double consciousness with racialized status beliefs, or beliefs about the competency and worth of group members. Using first-order and generalized second-order evaluations of explicit status beliefs, we examine the consistency between how individuals view their own racial group and how they perceive their group to be viewed by others. Drawing on survey data, we find high agreement in generalized second-order status beliefs among racial groups but misalignment between these evaluations and first-order status beliefs for marginalized groups. Black and Hispanic respondents exhibit double consciousness by rating their racial group as higher status than they understand most people to rate their group. The widespread existence of double consciousness in status beliefs has troubling implications for the development of racial identity among people of color and for equity. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:05:36Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725221114141
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Authors:Evan Stewart, Diane Beckman Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Is racial animus sensitive to social shocks, or is it a disposition that resists change' The early COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by incidents of prejudice and discrimination against the Asian American community in the United States. We investigate whether comparable shifts in public opinion also occurred during this time using survey data fielded through 2019 and 2020. We compare changes in anti-Asian sentiment to changes in anti-Black, anti-Latino, and anti-white sentiment, finding a distinct rise in anti-Asian sentiment starting in January 2020 that slowly returns to 2019 levels. We also compare neutral response options to both positive and negative responses and find polarization in sentiment where partisanship, political interest, and self-reported COVID-19 exposure all associate with a higher likelihood of expressing both positive and negative sentiment relative to neutral responses about Asian Americans. We discuss these findings in line with a theory of racial animus as a disposition that is subject to temporary, episodic activation. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:05:16Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231177637
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Authors:Jennifer A. Jones, Reanne Frank Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Since the 1990s, scholars have speculated on the role of multiracials in shaping race relations in the twenty-first century. Drawing from a purposive sample of roughly 600 self-identified multiracials of partial white origin, we examine race making among multiracials through what we are calling self-concept, a conceptualization that runs along two dimensions—identity and closeness—by which we assess the extent to which multiracials align more closely with a white self-concept, more closely with a minority self-concept, or equally. We find that while there is variation, multiracials of partial white ancestry are more likely to express a self-concept that is more aligned with minorities than with whites. Moreover, we find that despite what the literature suggests, variation in self-concept is less associated with ascription than with social/familial context and racial attitudes. These findings suggest that while ascription matters, racial self-concept is primarily shaped through experience. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:05:10Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231177646
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Authors:Jayanti Owens Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Building on social psychological research on individual bias, this article uses the concept of “perceived blameworthiness” to investigate whether Black and Latino boys are perceived by teachers as being more culpable, or “blameworthy,” than White boys for objectively identical, routine classroom misbehavior at school. To isolate teacher bias from true differences in behavior, I use an original video experiment involving 1,339 teachers in 295 U.S. schools. Teachers in the experiment are randomly assigned to view and respond to a video of a White, Black, or Latino boy committing identical misbehavior. I find that Black boys experience teacher blaming bias, where they are perceived as being more “blameworthy” than White boys for identical misbehavior. Results for Latino boys are directionally similar to those for Black boys but do not reach statistical significance. Findings have implications for racialized assessments of behavior across a range of evaluative contexts. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:04:56Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231177644
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Authors:Jienian Zhang Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. This article demonstrates how a group of Latinx students in a suburban high school use humor as an interactional strategy to negotiate and sometimes resist perceived racial meanings. Using ethnography, I find two distinct types of ambiguity central in such humor: (1) ambiguity in humor and (2) ambiguity in situational cues that prompt humor. The students interpret these often-ambiguous situational cues as relevant to racism and then use humor to play with assumed racism. Furthermore, they use humor in several distinct but not mutually exclusive forms: (1) preemptive testing, (2) constructing insider/outsider status, and (3) self-(re)defining. By integrating role theories in the analysis, I show the theoretical importance of analyzing both the social cues that prompt the humor and the humor itself. I suggest that such humorous interactions ultimately illuminate racial inequalities that usually remain undetected in interactions or in broader social contexts. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:04:36Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231177643
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Authors:Corey D. Fields, Verna M. Keith, Justine Tinkler Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:04:10Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231191643
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Authors:Lawrence D. Bobo Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print.
Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-19T11:03:57Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231191644
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Authors:Tamkinat Rauf, Jeremy Freese Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Despite a steep rise in income inequality over the past five decades, Americans’ preferences for redistribution have remained stagnant. Previous research suggests that redistributive preferences are rooted in stable institutional and cultural contexts but can change with exposure to information. We investigate the role of understandings of the link between income and psychological well-being in shaping policy preferences. Further, we consider whether effects differ if similar information is framed in terms of disadvantages for the poor versus advantages for the affluent. In a large, preregistered online experiment (N = 2,751), we examined the effects of three common themes in scholarship on happiness and well-being: Money Prevents Unhappiness, Money Provides Happiness, and Money Doesn’t Matter. Results show that learning that Money Prevents Unhappiness (versus the other two themes) increased egalitarian preferences. Effects were moderated by political ideology, income, and subjective social class but not by race. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of the current cultural discourse about happiness, which often privileges non-income causes and positive emotions. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-08-03T07:12:30Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231189258
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Authors:Victoria S. Asbury-Kimmel Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Attitudes about immigrants, though related, are not interchangeable with attitudes about immigration. Much research has examined the latter, yet our knowledge regarding what Americans think about immigrants is lacking. Drawing on an original national survey conducted by NORC (n = 2,132) in 2021, I address shortcomings in the literature by illuminating distinct partisan attitudes about immigrants, revealing that Republicans tend to agree with both anti- and worthy-immigrant narratives while Democrats tend to embrace worthy- and reject anti-immigrant narratives. Further, I show how differences in information evaluation are related to the observed phenomena. That is, Republicans tend to interpret prototypical anti-immigrant political rhetoric as commentary about unauthorized immigrants and prototypical pro-immigrant discourse as messaging about immigrants in general and legal immigrants in particular. Democrats, however, interpret anti-immigrant and pro-immigrant narratives to be about immigrants in general. The results complicate understandings of immigration polarization by showing how social psychological mechanisms may facilitate commonality and divergence on attitudes about immigrants. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-07-17T10:47:23Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231184201
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Authors:Julia L. Melin Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. This article examines how penalizing men who “do gender” in nonstereotypical ways ultimately maintains the gender system. Leveraging data from an online survey experiment conducted with hiring decision-makers, I develop and test a theory of a help-seeking paradox whereby managers are less likely to interview and hire fathers who used career reentry assistance (CRA) relative to fathers who did not. However, this penalty does not emerge for mothers. A second online survey experiment reveals that two years of full-time employment after reentry diminishes the negative effects of CRA for fathers. Nonetheless, lingering stigma from having previously left paid work for childcare continues to disadvantage fathers relative to mothers, with perceptions of competence and commitment mediating long-term effects. These studies demonstrate how the reinforcement of cultural gender rules punishes both mothers and fathers seeking more equitable career coordination while providing novel insight into the boundaries of penalties for men who violate gender stereotypes. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-07-10T08:25:37Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231180804
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Authors:Marta Elliott, James M. Ragsdale Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Most medical researchers and social scientists concur that mental illness is caused by “nature” and “nurture,” yet efforts to reduce stigma tend to focus on biomedical causes. This study analyzed original survey data collected from 1,849 respondents in 2021–2022 who were randomly assigned to 16 experimental vignette conditions. Each vignette portrayed a man and varied according to which psychiatric diagnosis his situation resembled (alcohol dependence, depression, or schizophrenia) and what caused it: genetics (nature), environmental stress (nurture), or both. Control conditions included subclinical distress and no explanation. Exposure to the environmental explanation (vs. no explanation) predicted identifying mental illness, reduced expectation of violence toward others, increased willingness to socially interact, and optimism for recovery with treatment. Exposure to the nature and nurture explanation (vs. no explanation) predicted reduced desire for social distance. Implications of these findings for future research and for contact-based anti-stigma efforts are presented. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-05-25T06:27:00Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231175279
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Authors:Paulina d. C. Inara Rodis Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Researchers find abundant racism and sexism online; for many, such harassment is a feature of their everyday experience. Drawing on interviews with Black and Asian women, I investigate the ways individuals negotiate whether and how to respond to cyber aggression. While social media affords users novel resources for responding to hostility, being online does not remove the social expectations imposed. Balancing (sometimes unconsciously) the desire to confront racism/sexism with the digital emotional labor undertaken in responding, women describe how they choose to present themselves and determine when responses are worthwhile. Often, they respond online where in person they would not have been comfortable, while at other times, they choose nonreaction to protect their personal well-being. Elucidating the individual burden that Black and Asian women navigate in response to cyber aggression and the toll that comes from implementing their idealized responses is essential to comprehend the experiences and consequences of modern racism/sexism. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-05-16T10:03:36Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231166377
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Authors:Kaitlin M. Boyle Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Men are overrepresented in criminal offending, arrest, and incarceration rates, resulting in a gender gap in crime data. I use the mathematical structure and propositions of affect control theory to understand how the symbolic meanings society holds for gender and crime relate to this observed difference in women’s and men’s offending. While criminal behaviors are deviant for both men and women, I hypothesize that they produce even more deflection when enacted by a woman actor than by a man actor in computer simulations. This first hypothesis is supported in a dataset containing 109 criminal behaviors drawn from three affect control theory dictionaries collected in English in the United States in 1998, 2002 to 2004, and 2012 to 2014. Second, I hypothesize that when a crime produces a greater gender gap in deflection in simulations, there will be a greater observed gender gap in alleged offending. I test this hypothesis using four sources of crime data: victim self-reports, police reports, arrest data, and juvenile court statistics. I find hypothesis support using all data sources except victim self-reports. Affect control theory provides an explicit social psychological understanding of how gendered meanings of behavior translate into criminal behavior as recorded in offending data (e.g., Uniform Crime Report). Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-05-16T09:57:20Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231167845
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Authors:Eun Hye Lee, Jane D. McLeod Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. We advance research on the association of educational expectation–attainment gaps with mental health by asking two questions that derive from the stress process and life course frameworks: (1) How does the association change over the early adult life course' and (2) To what extent is the association attributable to adult social roles and socioeconomic attainment' Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that close to the time when the expectation would have been realized, educational attainment is associated with mental health but expectations and the interaction between expectations and attainments are not, independent of selection factors. As respondents age, expectations themselves become more consistently associated with mental health. Adult social roles and socioeconomic status contribute little to explaining these associations. We discuss the implications for the stress process framework and life course research. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-04-08T08:27:06Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231161072
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Authors:Kate Hawks, Karen A. Hegtvedt, Ryan Gibson, Cathryn Johnson, Jamica Zion Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Legitimacy is crucial for the effectiveness of leaders in the workplace. We investigate pathways by which authorities in the workplace gain legitimacy and how they differ by authority race. In addition to leaders’ behaviors, subordinates’ impressions of leaders’ competence and warmth, stemming from those behaviors, impact their views of leader legitimacy. We further assess how the role of mediating impressions depends on the race of the authority enacting the behaviors. In an experimental vignette study, we manipulate the authority’s actions (use of fair procedures and power benevolently) and race (Black/white) and measure perceived competence, warmth, and legitimacy. Results indicate that the effects of leader behaviors on legitimacy operate through impressions of competence and warmth. Moreover, authority race alters this pathway; behaviors operate through competence impressions for white managers and through warmth impressions for Black managers. Our study illuminates how leaders gain legitimacy at work and how this process is racialized. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-04-05T06:24:04Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231162068
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Authors:David Melamed, Oneya Okuwobi, Leanne Barry Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Existing theories explain how the states of nominal characteristics acquire status value and the implications of status characteristics for the distribution of rewards, honor, and esteem in groups. It is less clear how characteristics lose status value. In this article, we combine the logic of status construction theory with loss aversion from decision theory to develop novel predictions about status loss. We predict that removing the mechanism of status construction theory will result in fading consensual status beliefs and that this will occur faster for low status actors. This results in a period of conflicting or asymmetric status beliefs between groups. Results from a six-condition controlled experiment support key predictions of consensual status loss, with low status actors viewing a gain in their status faster than high status actors view a loss to theirs. We discuss ways to extend and refine the work and the implications of our theory for racial and gender status-based inequalities. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-04-01T06:56:03Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231162351
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Authors:Lisa Fourgassie, Baptiste Subra, Rasyid Bo Sanitioso Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. The present research examines the stereotypes held about North Africans in French society today. Extending past works, we included gender and separately studied the stereotypes of North African men and women. Using three techniques, namely, spontaneous generation, attribute rating, and pathfinder analysis, our results revealed distinct stereotypes of North African men and women in French society. North African men are ascribed more antisocial traits. Traits associated with North African women are related to submissiveness and domestic chores. This suggests that stereotypes revealed in past studies concerned mainly the men of the group. The results underscore the need to consider gender when studying stereotypes of ethnic and minority groups. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-03-17T12:15:11Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725231159938
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Authors:Stephen Benard, Bianca Manago, Anna Acosta Russian, Youngjoo Cha Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. How are people of Asian origin perceived in contemporary U.S. culture' While often depicted as a “model minority”—competent and hardworking but also quiet, unsociable, or cold—little work measures whether and how these stereotypes vary for Asians in different social locations. We use a large (n ≈ 4,700) quota sample of the United States, matched to key U.S. demographics, to map the content of Asian stereotypes across ethnicity, gender, income, and birthplace. We find that some stereotypes are largely consistent across subgroups—such as the perception that Asians lack sociability, but not warmth, relative to White Americans—while others vary substantially. Perceptions of dominance vary by income, while perceptions of competence are moderated by income and ethnicity in complex ways. Stereotypes have important consequences, ranging from everyday frustrations to depressive symptoms and employment discrimination. Our work provides a detailed picture of how stereotypes vary across social locations. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-03-11T06:25:10Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725221126188
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Authors:Christin L. Munsch, Lindsey T. O'Connor, Susan R. Fisk Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. This article presents results from an experimental study of workers tasked with evaluating professionals with identical workplace performances who differed with respect to hours worked and gender, isolating two mechanisms through which overwork leads to workplace inequality. Evaluators allocated greater organizational rewards to overworkers and perceived overworkers more favorably compared to full-time workers who performed similarly in less time, a practice that disproportionately rewards men over equivalently performing, more efficient women. Additionally, the magnitude of the overwork premium is greater for men than for women. We then use path analyses to explore the processes by which evaluators make assumptions about worker characteristics. We find overwork leads to greater organizational rewards primarily because employees who overwork are perceived as more committed—and, to a lesser extent, more competent—than full-time workers, although women’s overwork does not signal commitment or competence to the same extent as men’s overwork. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-01-11T01:22:43Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725221141059
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Authors:Catherine E. Harnois Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Discrimination is one of the most important concepts for understanding, analyzing, and addressing social inequality. It is a term with many meanings, however, and existing research tells us little about how people understand and use the term. This study analyzes data from interviews with 38 English-speaking adults in the southeastern United States to examine how people use and make sense of the term discrimination. In structured interviews, participants described their experiences of mistreatment, reflected on whether their experiences were instances of discrimination, and explained their reasoning. Many participants expressed uncertainty about the meaning of discrimination and were unsure if it applied to particular situations. When asked to explain why they thought particular situations were or were not instances of discrimination, some participants relied on a legalistic framework, drawing from knowledge they had gained in their formal educational and training. Others foregrounded issues of inequality and social justice, explicitly invoking racism, sexism, and social class when explaining why something was or was not discrimination. A third group of participants, disproportionately but not exclusively White and non-Latinx, considered discrimination to be synonymous with “differential treatment” and unrelated to social inequality. Analyses suggest that these interpretive frameworks reflect participants’ legal consciousness, political consciousness, and their ability to read particular situations as connected to specific systems of inequality—that is, their literacies of particular inequalities. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-01-10T02:46:35Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725221134266
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Authors:Ashley Harrell, Tom Wolff Abstract: Social Psychology Quarterly, Ahead of Print. Norms, typically enforced via sanctions, are key to resolving collective-action problems. But it is often impossible to know what each individual member is contributing to group efforts and enforce cooperation accordingly. Especially as group size increases, people commonly have access to the behaviors of—and can sanction—only those to whom they are tied in a broader network. Here we integrate two streams of research: one conceptualizing ties in networked collective-action groups as access to information about what others are doing and a second where ties represent information plus opportunities to enforce cooperation via punishment. While both have pointed to the cooperation benefits of more ties in the network, we argue that these benefits will depend on group size and whether ties provide access to information about what others are doing or whether they also entail opportunities for norm enforcement. Our experiment demonstrates that densely tied information networks facilitate cooperation but only when the group size is small. When people can also enforce their ties’ cooperation, however, densely tied networks particularly benefit larger groups. The results demonstrate how network-level properties and individual-level tie patterns intersect to promote contributions in small and large collective-action groups. Citation: Social Psychology Quarterly PubDate: 2023-01-10T01:12:26Z DOI: 10.1177/01902725221132517
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