 Subjects -> SOCIOLOGY (Total: 553 journals)
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- “I Was Open to Anywhere, It’s Just This Was Easier:” Social
Structure, Location Preferences, and the Geographic Concentration of Elite
College Graduates-
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Abstract: Abstract Over the past 40 years, college graduates in the USA have become increasingly concentrated in a small number of cities. This paper uses qualitative interviews to explore the processes bringing recent graduates of elite universities to one such city, metropolitan Boston, after graduation. Most respondents reported that their move to Boston was not driven by a clear preference for living there. Rather, they saw themselves as simultaneously choosing a job and a location in one bundled decision, with the job generally determining where they ended up. To reduce the cognitive complexity of the joint job-and-location search, graduates eliminated most options with minimal consideration. The options that remained were disproportionately in cities where the graduates or their universities had preexisting connections—even when the graduates themselves would have preferred to live elsewhere. The social nature of the post-college job search thus served to geographically concentrate these graduates beyond what either their own preferences or the geography of job opportunities would require.
PubDate: 2023-11-28
- “But Everything Else, I Learned Online”: School-Based and
Internet-Based Sexual Learning Experiences of Heterosexual and
LGBQ + Youth-
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Abstract: Abstract Building upon scholarship on sex education, our research aims to understand how youth with a range of sexual identities have experienced school-based sex education, how they have explored sexual content online, and how they see the two in relation to each other. We thus ask: (1) How do youth with varied sexual identities recall experiencing formal school-based sex education from elementary through high school offerings' (2) How do heterosexual and LGBQ + youth utilize the Internet and social media sites for sexual learning' Through in-depth interviews with college students, we find that heterosexual and LGBQ + youth report that formal sex education was both limited and heteronormative; LGBQ + youth felt particularly unprepared for sexual experiences and health hygiene, and sometimes found ways to translate the information provided for their own needs. Despite some overall similarities in online sexual explorations, experiences of online sexual learning proved quite divergent for youth of different sexual identities. Heterosexual youth were likely to search for information on sexual pleasure and entertainment; in contrast, LGBQ + youth sought information to fill in knowledge gaps about non-conforming sexualities, and often used the digital space for identity discovery, confirmation, and affirmation. For both groups, online explorations interacted with offline ones through a back-and-forth in which youth tested out in one arena what they had learned in the other. These findings highlight the dynamic interaction between formal school curriculum, informal online sexual learning, and sexual scripts, identities and practices.
PubDate: 2023-11-21
- Interview Location as Data
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Abstract: Abstract While there is extensive literature on researcher positionality and other aspects of qualitative and ethnographic research, interview location is more commonly discussed as a place to collect data than as a source of data. This paper addresses how interview location can provide valuable insights into the interview participant and the interview topics. In it, I draw on interviews that I collected as part of a study on reentry from prison. The study design included four community-based interviews with each participant. I discuss three types of interview locations: (1) private spaces (homes), (2) paid third spaces (cafes and restaurants), and (3) free public spaces (parks and libraries). Each of these sites offers the potential for different insights into research participants and research questions, which also may vary across individuals, projects, and research projects/questions. Less important than the specific interview location is how interview locations and the social interactions they engender shape the dynamics of the interview or insights into the participant’s experiences. After discussing each of these in turn, I develop two extended examples of how interviewing an individual across multiple locations makes visible different aspects of that person’s personality and experience.
PubDate: 2023-11-07
- Seeking Certainty in an Asymmetric Relationship: Livestream Shopping in
China-
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Abstract: Abstract The rapid growth of livestream shopping in China indicates that Chinese consumers are gravitating towards this kind of online shopping—but why' Based on a virtual ethnography of Taobao livestreams and in-depth interviews with viewers, this study found that Chinese users engaged in livestream shopping not only for convenience, but also because they enjoyed the asymmetric interaction process and buyer–seller relationship schema enabled by this technological platform. The distinct features of livestream showrooms facilitated an asymmetric copresence between hosts and viewers that then led to a mode of shopping where the livestream hosts acted as shopping consultants through vivid presence and strenuous performance, while customers enjoyed the benefits and privileges of a relatively personalized shopping consulting service with fewer obligations and lower interaction costs. This increased accessibility cultivated a sense of acquaintance and identification, and customers enjoyed companionship with fewer restraints due to the bounded nature of the intimacy between consultant and consumer. Meanwhile, tangible goods and the consistent and predictable presence of hosts provided certainty in the relationship beyond mere emotional connection. Together, these factors allowed livestream shopping to become a unique buyer–seller relationship and appeal to Chinese consumers because of their ambivalent cultural preference for relationship-oriented trust.
PubDate: 2023-10-18
- “It Was, Ugh, It Was So Gnarly. And I Kept Going”: The Cultural
Significance of Scars in the Workplace-
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Abstract: Abstract Centering on the symbolic meanings of unintended work-related scars in occupational settings, this article examines how in certain professions scars produced through painful mistakes are leveraged into workplace advantage. This finding—derived from body-anchored interviews with commercial chefs and cooks (n = 50) and embodied ethnography of a casual restaurant-bar in the USA—is counterintuitive, as scars acquired from error conventionally represent failure, naivete, or lack of skill. This paradox hinges on the values of the macro-level cultures and idiocultures of particular workspaces. In the context of commercial kitchen culture, where stoic suffering is prized, physical marks from injuries that are then expounded upon by corporeal storytelling and other forms of cultural bodily markings challenge conventional notions and become advantageous and meaning-laden. Ultimately, this article expands the understanding of the uses of unintentional scars within the framework of workplace idiocultures through an intimate, embodied lens.
PubDate: 2023-10-12
- Urban Marginality, Neighborhood Dynamics, and the Illicit Drug Trade in
Mexico City-
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Abstract: Abstract This article explores independent street-level drug dealers in the socially and economically marginalized neighborhood of Tepito in Mexico City. Research presented here is based on ongoing ethnographic work, and in-depth biographical interviews with drug dealers involved strictly in marijuana sales (17), those offering multiple illicit substances (39), and community members (8) in a neighborhood historically known for sales of contraband. We find that dealing is an adaptive strategy to resist criminal organizations encroaching on the drug market, and efforts by developers at gentrification; both of which would displace the residents from the neighborhood. Our results highlight the pivotal role of the illicit economy in marginalized communities and argues for a more nuanced interpretation of survival strategies among the urban underclass. More work is needed that approaches criminal activity as resistance among the economically dislocated.
PubDate: 2023-10-02
- Conflict and Co-Specialization on Calle Cuatro: How Placemakers Navigate
Ethnic Branding-
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Abstract: Abstract Placemaking accounts for multiple strategies used by communities to address their central concerns to create vibrant areas for people to live and connect with each other. Placemakers are the individuals who lead projects into action around development of communities that they often hold individual interest in as residents, business owners, and city leaders. Placemakers with financial stake in an area—business and property owners—are critical agents to examine in economically driven and city-led redevelopment projects. Growing economic interest in revitalization has overlapped with placemakers’ roles in cities across the USA. This study looks at intra- and interethnic conflict among placemakers in the downtown business district of a Southern California Mexican-majority community which, in 2015, became ethnically branded to pay homage to its immigrant past and become a site of cultural tourism. Based on three years of ethnographic fieldwork and 43 in-depth interviews, I show how placemakers in two business groups navigate decision-making processes around the practices and projects they engage in, to answer the following questions: under what conditions does conflict emerge among placemakers working within an ethnic brand' How do placemakers in branded communities navigate conflict' I show how the two groups clash around the ethnic character of the area where they conduct business, and, because of these differences, co-exist through co-specialization in the same space.
PubDate: 2023-09-19
- To Empower or Safeguard' How Novice Rape and Domestic Violence Victim
Advocates Render Institutional Complexity Visible-
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Abstract: Abstract Organizational life is patterned by shared meanings and practices known as “institutional logics.” Often, multiple logics exist within the same organization in a potentially tense state of “institutional complexity.” Extensive research examines how organizational elites and professionals (i.e., “experts”) manage this complexity by replacing, combining, or segregating contradictory logics. However, experts sometimes manage complexity tacitly, which obscures tensions between logics. This paper, drawing on an ethnographic study of an anti-gender-based violence organization, theorizes inexperience as a lens through which tensions become visible. Analysis of the data reveals that novice victim advocates noticed conflicts between directives to both empower and safeguard victims, practices originating from professional social work and bureaucratic state logics, respectively. In contrast, expert volunteers and staff members tacitly combined these competing logics by empowering victims to safeguard themselves. For organizational scholars, these data show how novices bring attention to contradictions that experts take for granted.
PubDate: 2023-08-25
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09544-8
- “You Can’t Punish People for the Rest of Their Life for Something that
They Learned from, and Changed from:” Collateral Consequences,
Inclusion, and Narratives of Responsibility-
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Abstract: Abstract This article contributes to the study of carceral citizenship in the United States by offering one of the first academic efforts to appraise the opinions of people with criminal records about “collateral consequences,” the civil restrictions attached to convictions. In thirty-two extended interviews with people visiting a reentry-support organization in New York City, participants were asked what they thought the rules ought to be across multiple policy areas, and whether they would like to engage in each activity if the law permitted them to. Emphasizing themes of personal change, fairness, and the difficulty of living with a record, interviewees strongly rejected automatic, permanent restriction of gun rights, access to public housing, and the ability to work. Mindful of risks of harm, however, many endorsed focused limits, while arguing for universal access where they did not see threats to safety. Interviewees spoke often of personal transformation in criticizing permanent barriers. But consistent with research on the content of reentry narratives and with literature on responsibilization in the U.S. criminal-legal system, interviewees tended to frame the potential for change in a demanding way, as a possibility rather than a presumption, and a striking number volunteered comments about the primary role of individual responsibility in navigating life with a record. The results enhance theories of responsibilization in the carceral state, showing the prominence of specific ideas about personal transformation, the tension between belief in change and concern for community safety, and the importance of civic inclusion.
PubDate: 2023-08-07
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09542-w
- Correction to: Prompts, Not Questions: Four Techniques for Crafting Better
Interview Protocols-
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PubDate: 2023-08-05
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09543-9
- Isolation and Interaction in Temporary Agricultural Labor
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Abstract: Abstract This article examines how isolation and the seasonality of employment both constrain and enable agricultural guest workers’ contact with outsiders. While the H-2A visa program can render foreign workers invisible and immobile—and thus more easily exploited and mistreated—a group of temporary Mexican apple pickers in northwest Virginia generated resources, transportation, and assistance well beyond what was provided by the company or mandated by visa protocol. The conditions and processes highlighted in this study provide a framework for identifying factors that may diminish—or enhance—the relative autonomy of guest workers. In this case, a history of return migration and the presence of co-ethnics in the settled population generated an unexpected flow of activity in and out of the remote camp. While not automatic or without limitations, these connections provided a more open and dynamic guest-worker experience than what a singular focus on isolation and exclusion would otherwise suggest.
PubDate: 2023-06-30
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09541-x
- Hybrid Imbalance: Collaborative Fabrication of Digital Teaching and
Learning Material-
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Abstract: Abstract Digitization of schools has increased significantly in recent years and is generating a massive innovation boost in education. This development is accompanied by an increased demand for new digital educational objects for schools. The resources required for creating such objects (expert knowledge from teaching contexts versus technological knowledge and infrastructures) are distributed among different groups of actors from digital economy and educational practice. Therefore, the production of such new objects requires new forms of cooperation in the education sector. This article discusses such a hybrid collaboration between a software developer and the teachers of two pilot schools for the creation of interactive learning software. We examine this collaborative relationship in light of different bodies of knowledge that both groups of actors bring to the relationship and that need to be reconciled. We also examine the ways in which the organizational boundaries between schools and companies are temporarily blurred, and the distribution of costs and benefits between the participating groups of actors. By looking at the various dimensions of the cooperative commercial production of these digital objects as well as their (prototypical) experimental stage, the paper analyses the digital transformation of teaching as an innovative social process, structured by economic and educational rationalities.
PubDate: 2023-06-22
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09539-5
- A Social Phenomenon of Risk Perception: Saskatchewan Firefighters on the
Yarnell Hill Fire Fatalities-
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Abstract: Abstract Although researchers have indicated how “environmental” factors can influence organizations and their “risk systems,” few have examined the influence of globalization on risk systems. Drawing on Saskatchewan firefighters’ responses to the 2013 Yarnell Hill Fire fatalities, this paper demonstrates the impact of globalization on risk perceptions in risk systems. Analysis of interview data shows how information, communication, and transportation technologies have influenced structural and symbolic risk system boundaries and consequently, risk perceptions. In a highly mass-mediated world, Saskatchewan firefighters received news of the Yarnell Hill Fire fatalities quickly. The news prompted them to consider themselves in the position of those who died. In trying to understand why the fatalities happened, Saskatchewan firefighters compared their own risk positions to those they associated with the dead. Regardless of the accuracy of their perceptions, they believed that their overall risk position was lower than that of their American counterparts. They thought, the difference in risk contributed to the fatalities. It seems the passage of time and the comparison of risk positions moderated firefighters’ intense emotions related to the fatalities, providing firefighters some sense of security. This phenomenon might similarly occur for others in risk systems and could affect risk system performance across contexts.
PubDate: 2023-06-17
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09540-y
- Correction to: My Home Quarantine on an App: A Qualitative Visual Analysis
of Changes in Family Routines During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile-
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PubDate: 2023-06-13
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09538-6
- Risky Ties and Taxing Ties: The Multiple Dimensions of Negativity
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Abstract: Abstract Scholarship on negative social ties typically portrays them as distinct liabilities and optimal candidates for excision from social networks. I argue that this premise is based on a short-sighted understanding of what it means for social ties to be negative. In particular, negativity as a trait of social ties has multiple dimensions, such that ties can be negative in a relatively objective sense (that is, they can pose risk to network egos by virtue of some quality or qualities) with or without being negative in a relatively subjective sense (that is, feeling taxing to egos). To disentangle these two dimensions, I report on a case study of network ties among residents of Sycamore, a leased-housing program for young adults trying to overcome drug addictions. I describe how residents universally understood certain ties—ties to individuals who were addicted to drugs or otherwise had drugs in their possession—as risks to their sobriety, but found only some of those ties taxing. In fact, some risky ties seemed beneficial to residents by displaying nonjudgmental attitudes in the wake of residents’ setbacks, reminding residents of their lowest points, and supplying residents with chances to practice self-restraint and advantageous decision making. The findings show how people can know that certain ties pose risks to their well-being but feel that the ties are good for them. Broadly, the article encourages greater attention to the multidimensional nature of ties’ negativity and highlights the unexpected roles putatively negative ties play in individuals’ lives.
PubDate: 2023-06-10
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09537-7
- I wonder if this is like a saxophone: An Interview with Howard Becker
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PubDate: 2023-05-10
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09536-8
- The Limits of the Law: Women, Violence, and Legal Ambivalence in Nicaragua
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Abstract: Abstract This article analyzes the experiences of Nicaraguan women victims of domestic violence as a lens for developing a theoretical concept I term legal ambivalence. I define legal ambivalence as the process by which women experience hesitancy or reluctance about if, when, and how to pursue legal claims in response to situations of relationship violence. Drawing on eight months of ethnographic fieldwork and 38 in-depth interviews, I demonstrate how women’s legal ambivalence is produced through a combination of socio-cultural factors like family support, gendered expectations of women, and economic dependence on a male partner, and women’s everyday interactions with state officials and the ways that the law itself is used against them. Building on decades of critical feminist scholarship highlighting the limitations of legal frameworks for addressing gender-based violence, my findings illustrate how contextual constraints, quotidian practices, and the gendered structure of legal institutions contributes to women’s reluctance to resort to the law.
PubDate: 2023-04-18
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09534-w
- Reframing the Community: How and Why Member Participation Shifts in the
Face of Change-
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Abstract: Abstract How and why do people reframe their understanding of the communities and organizations to which they belong' I draw on the case of a collegiate religious fellowship that moved online during the COVID-19 pandemic to examine how individuals’ frames and participation patterns evolved as their community underwent a collective shift. I argue that reframing is triggered by temporal disconnect between past frames and present circumstances, present circumstances and imagined futures, or all three. My findings add nuance to existing theorizing on how members’ frames shape participation by revealing how positive frames that sustain high levels of participation in “settled times” can become a liability in “unsettled times.” My findings have relevance for understanding participation trajectories in a variety of group contexts, and advance theorizing on micro-level framing as a dynamic, fundamentally temporal process.
PubDate: 2023-04-12
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09532-y
- My Home Quarantine on an App: A Qualitative Visual Analysis of Changes in
Family Routines During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile-
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Abstract: Abstract This article presents original findings from a longitudinal qualitative study on changes in individual and family life associated with safety and health measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in three regions of Chile. We developed a methodological approach based on multimodal diaries in a mobile application, in which participants submitted photographs and texts to express changes in their daily lives under residential confinement. Content and semiotic visual analyses show a significant loss in instances of collective recreation, partially compensated through new personal and productive activities performed at home. Our results suggest that modal diaries serve as potential tools to capture people’s perceptions and meanings as their lives go through exceptional and traumatic times. We assert that using digital and mobile technologies in qualitative studies could allow subjects to actively participate in the co-construction of fieldwork and produce quality knowledge from their situated perspectives.
PubDate: 2023-02-22
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09531-z
- “Welcome to the Revolution”: Promoting Generational Renewal in
Argentina’s Ni Una Menos-
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Abstract: Abstract Despite the global upsurge of youth-fueled mass mobilization, the critical question of why new generations may be eager to join established movements is under-explored theoretically and empirically. This study contributes to theories of feminist generational renewal in particular. We examine the longer-term movement context and more proximate strategies that have enabled young women to participate steadily in a cycle of protest, alongside more seasoned activists, due to a process of feminist learning and affective bonding that we call “productive mediation.” We focus on the Argentine Ni Una Menos (Not One Less) massive yearly march, which, since its onset in 2015, demonstrates that feminist activists have achieved the sought-after goal of fostering a highly diverse mass movement. These large-scale mobilizations against feminicide and gender-based violence gain much of their energy from a strong youth contingent, so much so that they have been called “the Daughters’ Revolution.” We show that these “daughters” have been welcomed by previous generations of feminist changemakers. Drawing on original qualitative research featuring 63 in-depth interviews with activists of different ages, backgrounds, and locations across Argentina, we find that long-standing movement spaces and brokers, as well as innovative frameworks of understanding, repertoires of action, and organizational approaches, help to explain why preexisting social movements may be attractive for young participants.
PubDate: 2023-02-20
DOI: 10.1007/s11133-023-09530-0
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