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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1410-394X
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta

[1 journal]

Renewable Energy from Pyrolysis of Pine Wood with Zeolite Catalyst
- Authors: Zubaidi Achmad, Abdullah Kunta Arsa, Bety Alfitamara, Alfia Virgiandini
  First page: 1
  Abstract: Renewable energy becomes a hot issue on the decrease of fossil energy reserves that can not be renewed. To answer the challenge of the availability of these energy a study was performed in a high-temperature cracking process from pine wood to obtain fuel oil or so-called pyrolysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield, physical properties, and the calorific value of the pyrolysis results. Pyrolysis process is done by varying the percentage of mordenite-type zeolite catalyst as much as 0% b/b, 2% b/b, and 4% b/b, with a mass of 100 grams of pine wood that passes sieving each sample to 50 mesh. Before use, the catalysts physically activated by heating at a temperature of 500°C and chemically activated using HCl to enhance the activity of the zeolite. Pyrolysis carried out at 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C. After the analysis, bio-oil obtained optimum yield of 43.77142% by mass of the catalyst 4% b/b and a temperature of 500 °C. Physical properties obtained in the form of density 1.094723 g/ml, 2.96 cP viscosity, and 58°C flash point. While the highest calorific value on the condition of the catalyst 4% and the reaction temperature 550°C is 26045.50 kJ/kg.
  PubDate: 2022-03-03
  DOI: 10.31315/e.v19i1.4564
  Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1 (2022)
Pengaruh Penambahan Zat Aditf Diethyl Ether Terhadap Pembuatan Biodiesel
(B50)
- Authors: Danang Jaya, Rico Mitchell Litaay, Ryan Ade Bagus, T.W. Widayati, Muhammad Syahri
  First page: 10
  Abstract: Biodiesel secara umum didefinisikan sebagai ester monoalkil dari minyak tanaman dan lemak hewan. Minyak yang berasal dari tumbuhan dan lemak hewan serta turunannya mempunyai kemungkinan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar diesel. Biodiesel ini kemudian dicampur dengan solar dengan komposisi biodiesel 50% dan solar 50% sehingga menjadi B50. Dalam penelitian ini B50 kemudian dicampur dengan diethyl ether. Dalam pelaksanaannya, CPO terlebih dahulu diuji kadar FFA. Apabila kadar FFA >5% maka perlu dilakukan esterifikasi guna menurunkan kadar FFA. Proses esterifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metanol dengan bantuan katalis H2SO4 selama 60 menit pada suhu 60oC. Pencucian dilakukan guna menghilangkan zat pengotor dengan air bersuhu 50oC dan dilanjutkan transesterifikasi menggunakan metanol dengan bantuan katalis KOH dan dilakukan pencucian kembali. Kemudian biodiesel deblending dengan solar dan diethyl ether dengan variasi B50+0% diethyl ether, B50+2% diethyl ether, B50+4% diethyl ether, B50+6% diethyl ether, B50+8% diethyl ether, B50+10% diethyl ether. Hasil penelitian ini, didapatkan campuran B50+0% diethyl ether, B50+2% diethyl ether, B50+4% diethyl ether, B50+6% diethyl ether, B50+8% diethyl ether, B50+10% diethyl ether dengan viskositas kinematik sebesar (6.5 mm2/s, 6 mm2/s, 5.4 mm2/s, 5 mm2/s, 4.3 mm2/s, dan 3.6 mm2/s), flash point sebesar (183 oC, 179 oC, 177 oC, 175 oC, 171 oC, dan 167 oC), pour point sebesar (7 oC, 6 oC, 5 oC, 4 oC, 2 oC, dan 1 oC), nilai kalor sebesar (10051,6684 kal/m3, 10097,1322 kal/gram, 10128,1394 kal/gram, 10170,3835 kal/gram, 10235,377 kal/gram, dan 10306,8478 kal/gram), densitas 15 oC sebesar (841.1 Kg/m3, 839.5 Kg/m3, 838.2 Kg/m3, 837 Kg/m3, 836.2 Kg/m3, dan 835.1 Kg/m3).
  PubDate: 2022-03-03
  DOI: 10.31315/e.v19i1.6387
  Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1 (2022)
Effect of NaNO3 Concentration in Medium of Raoof on Cultivation of
Spirulina Platensis
- Authors: Iqbal Syaichurrozi, Wardalia Wardalia, Sharfan Dwicahyanto, Yustinus Selis Toron
  Pages: 15 - 19
  Abstract: Nutrition is one of the factors that affect the growth of Spirulina platensis. The cultivation medium proposed by Raoof is a modified version of Zarrouk medium. Raoof medium requires less nutrients than Zarrouk medium but the biomass produced is almost the same. This study was conducted to vary the concentration of NaNO3 of 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 g/L in Raoof medium to study its effect on growth and biomass composition of S. platensis. At each concentration of NaNO3 of 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 g/L obtained the highest biomass concentration of 0.6425; 0.6455; 0.6745; 0,5193 g/L on days 12, 12, 12, 10. Concentration of NaNO3 of 2.5 g/L resulted in the highest specific growth rate of 0.1371/day and the lowest double time of 5.0566 days. In general, increasing the concentration of NaNO3 from 0.5 to 2.5 g/L increased the protein content from 33.30 to 36.98%. The addition of higher NaNO3 (3.5 g/L) actually decreased the protein content to 35.52%.
  PubDate: 2022-04-05
  DOI: 10.31315/e.v19i1.6581
  Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1 (2022)
Separation of Mineral from Brown Algae Extract using Micro Filtration (MF)
and Ultra Filtration (UF) Membrans – Review
- Authors: Mahreni Ahmad
  Pages: 20 - 28
  Abstract: Brown algae (Phaeophyta) contain active compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, fats, pigments, vitamins and minerals. The mineral content of brown algae is around 8% to 40% consisting of cations Na+, K+, Mg++, Fe++, Zn++, Mn++ and heavy metals. Bioactive brown algae has many benefits, including Fucoidan as a cancer drug. The barrier of using Fucoidan as a medicine is its high mineral content. Therefore, the minerals must be separated. The extraction process of brown algae using various methods has been carried out with the aim of isolating the active component of Fucoidan that is free from minerals that will be an obstacle in utilizing the active component. This paper will describe some of the latest methods of extracting the active ingredients of brown algae and mineral separation processes using Micro Filtration (MF) and Ultra Filtration (UF) membrane. MF and UF membrane can separate small molecules such as cations (minerals) that can pass through the membrane so that macromolecules such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, pigments, phenolics and vitamins can be separated from minerals and active ingredients in the absence of minerals can be obtained. The purpose of this paper is to provide research directions in the exploration of the active ingredients of brown algae for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications without side effects caused by high metal or mineral content above the threshold value in brown algae extracts.
  PubDate: 2022-04-05
  DOI: 10.31315/e.v19i1.6653
  Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1 (2022)
Mathematical Model of Water Absorption in Arrowroot Starch-Chitosan Based
Bioplastic
- Authors: Yusmardhany Yusuf, Fauzan Irfandy, Alit Istiani
  Pages: 35 - 39
  Abstract: Expansion of the size of the weight of bioplastics often occurs in daily use. This phenomenon happens because the material from bioplastics can absorb significant amounts of water. This process can lead to accumulation of swelling degree. Therefore, a mathematical model is needed to quantify this mechanism to predict the dynamics of changes in the weight of bioplastics with respet to time while contact with water to help practitioners during application design for the use of bioplastics. This study aims to build a mathematical model derived from the mass sense validated by experimental data through curve fitting. The experiment was conducted by observing the rate of change in the mass of bioplastic made from starch and chitosan by measuring the change in mass concerning time immersed in water under atmospheric conditions. The immersion time was varied between 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40,50, and 60 minutes. As a result, it can be concluded that starch-chitosan-based biofilms can absorb water up to ±10.9174 gr-water/gr-bioplastic, and also this phenomenon can be quantified by a mathematical equation that derived from mass balance with an average percent error of 1.13% and R-squared coefficient of 0.9981.
  PubDate: 2022-04-05
  DOI: 10.31315/e.v19i1.6310
  Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1 (2022)
The Effect of Adding Activated Sludge and Types of Series Circuit Systems
Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Using Chinese Food Restaurant Wastewater
- Authors: Danang Jaya, Tunjung Wahyu Widayati, Singgih Adi Nugroho, Firda Ellysa
  Pages: 40 - 45
  Abstract: Electricity consumption expands every year. However, in Indonesia, electricity is still highly dependent on conventional energy sources such as coal. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is one of the alternative inventions that consists of a series of tools which converts chemical energy into electrical energy in the presence of microbial metabolism. In addition to produce electrical energy, it may also help to solve environmental issues by dealing with waste. This research was purposed to investigate the potency of Chinese food restaurant waste as substrate to generate electricity in microbial fuel cell. The research was done in three stages: wastewater preparation, assembly of MFC tools in various circuits, and running MFC processes. Results showed that the best electrical average (1.02 V) was found in the treatment system without active sludge. The best circuit was in the system in 4 series, which obtained a maximum voltage of 3.76 V and the largest power density of 62.66 mW/m2. In addition, with the addition of active sludge, biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the wastewater could be lowered up to 29.27%, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) up to 51.58%. Total suspended solid (TSS) could be decreased up to 49% on the sample withoud sludge addition.
  PubDate: 2022-04-08
  DOI: 10.31315/e.v19i1.6479
  Issue No: Vol. 19, No. 1 (2022)
Modifikasi Permukaan Magnetit dengan Silika dan Aplikasinya sebagai
Adsorben Ion Logam Berat Nikel dan Mangan
- Authors: Diah Mahmuda
  First page: 6
  Abstract: Adsorben magnetit telah berhasil disintesis dengan metode co-presipitasi. Selanjutnya magnetite dilapisi dengan silika digunakan untuk menghilangkan ion logam mangan dan nikel dari limbah cair. Dalam penelitian ini, sampel dikarakterisasi menggunakan beberapa cara antara lain menggunakan FTIR, XRD dan TEM. Modifikasi permukaan magnetit dengan pelapisan silika menyebabkan kapasitas adsopsi ion logam mangan dan nikel dalam limbah cair buatan meningkat lebih dari 98%. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa adsorben magnetit yang dilapisi silika efektif sebagai adsorben untuk menurunkan kadar ion logam mangan dan nikel dari limbah cair.
  PubDate: 2022-01-27
  DOI: 10.31315/e.v0i0.5304
Pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah menggunakan katalis heterogen
- Authors: Danang Jaya, Tunjung Wahyu Widayati, Hanum Salsabiela, Muhammad Fathan Abdul Majid Fathan Abdul Majid
  First page: 29
  Abstract: Cadangan minyak bumi didunia semakin menipis yang membuat pemerintah juga menerapkan kebijakan mandatori B30 mulai awal 2020. Dengan kebijakan ini, maka diperlukan adanya pengembangan energi dengan memanfaatkan energi terbarukan seperti minyak nabati yang dapat diubah menjadi biodiesel. Minyak jelantah merupakan salah satu minyak nabati yang sangat potensial untuk diolah menjadi biodiesel karena pemanfaatan minyak jelantah di Indonesia masih belum berkembang. Dalam penelitian ini, kami melaporkan hasil pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah dengan variasi perbandingan jumlah mol dan berat katalis heterogen. Biodiesel dibuat dengan proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi dengan katalis heterogen (CaO), kemudian dilakukan proses pemisahan untuk memisahkan Biodiesel yang dihasilkan dengan hasil samping berupa gliserol. Biodiesel yang dipisahkan kemudian dilakukan analisis densitas, viskositas, flash point, dan pour point. Hasil penelitian menujukan Biodiesel terbaik yaitu pada Perbandingan mol 1:24 dengan katalis CaO 3 %. Berdasarkan data analisis, biodiesel ini memiliki yield terbesar yaitu 72,49 % dengan nilai viskositas 4,9806 cSt, nilai flash point 72,5 oC, nilai pour point 0 oC, dan nilai densitasnya 0,8662 g/ml serta nilai kalor 8837,302 kal/gram. Dengan hasil analisa tersebut yang sudah sesuai standar baku mutu mutu SNI 7182:2015.
  PubDate: 2022-01-27
  DOI: 10.31315/e.v0i0.6132