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Petroleum Chemistry
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.31  Citation Impact (citeScore): 1 Number of Followers: 1  Subscription journalISSN (Print) 0965-5441 - ISSN (Online) 1555-6239 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
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- Composition of Hydrocarbon Gases Formed by Dry Pysolysis of Domanik Shale
Kerogen after Hydrothermal Experiment-
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Abstract: The composition of hydrocarbon gases formed by pyrolysis of residual Domanik shale kerogen at 800°C, preceded by hydrothermal treatment at 250–375°С, was studied by pyrolytic gas chromatography. Starting from the autoclave temperature of 320–325°C, the hydrothermal treatment of the shale affects the kerogen structures responsible for the formation of C2+ gases in pyrolysis at 800°C. An increase in the temperature of the shale hydrothermal treatment leads to a monotonic increase in the С1/С2+ ratio in the products of the residual kerogen pyrolysis at 800°C. The methane yield at 800°C does not correlate with the content of alkyl structures, determined in kerogen by IR spectroscopy, and the yield of С2+ gases linearly correlates with the content of alkyl structures.
PubDate: 2023-11-24
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- Performance of Polysulfones as Components of Ashless Antistatic Additives
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Abstract: Synthesis of polysulfones from individual α-olefins was investigated. The correlation between the specific electrical conductivity of diesel fuels (DF) and the structure of the initial alkene was identified. The antistatic properties of the synthesized polymers were investigated as a function of the polymer molecular weight and of the dispersant content. The low-temperature properties of DFs that contained a polysulfone as a component of an ashless antistatic additive were further determined.
PubDate: 2023-11-04
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- Effect of Quinoline Additions on the Activity of In Situ Formed NiWS
Catalysts-
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Abstract: The effect of quinoline additions and amount of the sulfiding agent added on the activity of the in situ prepared NiWS catalyst in naphthalene hydrogenation was studied. In the presence of 1 wt % quinoline, the obtained catalyst shows high activity (>95% naphthalene conversion). The physicochemical properties of the catalyst were studied by XPS, X-ray diffraction analysis, and TEM. At the W : substrate molar ratio of 1 : 40 and 360°С, an increase in the amount of the sulfiding agent from 1 to 5 wt % leads to a decrease in the selectivity with respect to decalins from 68 to 39%, respectively. The degree of decoration with nickel on adding 1 wt % sulfiding agent is 0.1. As the amount of the sulfiding agent added is increased to 5 wt %, the degree of decoration with nickel increases to 0.3.
PubDate: 2023-11-04
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- Influence of Synthesis Conditions on the Performance of Palladium–Copper
Ethanol-to-Butanol Conversion Catalysts-
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Abstract: The influence of the synthesis conditions on the performance of Pd–Cu ethanol-to-butanol conversion catalysts was studied. The optimum conditions for forming the most active system 0.2%Cu/0.3%Pd/Al2O3 are as follows: sample synthesis by Al2O3 impregnation from aqueous solutions of Pd and Cu nitrates; deposition of the metal precursors in succession; total content of Pd and Cu in the sample 0.5 wt %; Pd : Сu molar ratio 1 : 1; catalyst reduction temperature 200○С. As shown by TEM, XPS, TPD-NH3, TPR-H2, XRD, and N2 adsorption, the surface of the most active catalyst contains Pd0Cu0 particles with the mean size of 4 ± 2 nm. The bimetallic particles are an alloy with the fcc structure and Pd : Cu ratio of 40 : 60. At 275○C, the performance of 0.2%Cu/0.3%Pd/Al2O3 is 182 × 10–4 mol h–1 g–1. The value obtained is higher by several orders of magnitude than the performance of the reference catalysts M1/Al2O3 (M1 = Fe, Ni, Co) and by an order of magnitude than that of the reference catalysts M2/Al2O3 (M2 = Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Pt–Re, Ni–Mo).
PubDate: 2023-11-04
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- Crude Oils of Domanik Genotype from Middle Devonian Deposits of the
Timan–Pechora Oil-and-Gas Province-
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Abstract: The composition of biomarker hydrocarbons in crude oil samples from Middle Devonian deposits of the Western Tebuk, Dzh”er, and Michayu oil fields of the Omra–Lyzha saddle in the Timan–Pechora oil-and-gas province was studied. Significant effect of the Upper Devonian Domanik source rocks on the formation of the composition of these crude oils was revealed. The main parameters demonstrating the genetic relationship of the oils from Middle Devonian reservoirs with this source rocks are distribution of steranes С27 : С28 : С29, ratio of isoprenoid to normal alkanes, and distribution of normal alkanes. All these characteristics sharply distinguish the crude oils under consideration from paraffinous oils syngenetic to Middle Devonian deposits, characteristic of deposits in the southern part of the Pechora–Kozhva megarampart.
PubDate: 2023-10-24
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- Flameless Catalytic Combustion of Ethanol on Copper, Chromium, and Nickel
Oxides-
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Abstract: The possibility of using 3d-metal oxides as catalysts of self-sustaining catalytic flameless combustion of ethanol was examined. Monolithic catalysts CuO and Cr2O3, supported catalysts 25% CuO/SiO2 and 25% CuO/Al2O3, and ultrasonically treated catalyst 25% NiO/SiO2 can operate for a long time without changes in properties, ensuring 100% ethanol conversion. The wide range of the temperatures reached (300–590°C) allows choosing a catalyst meeting the process tasks.
PubDate: 2023-10-24
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- A Kinetic Model and Mechanism for Liquid-Phase Heterogeneous Hydrogenation
of Dicyclopentadiene-
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Abstract: The study investigates the main routes of liquid-phase hydrogenation of endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3,8-diene (dicyclopentadiene, (1)) in the presence of a PK-25 palladium catalyst (Pd/γ-Al2O3, 0.25% Pd). All the reaction products were identified, and the material balance was examined. Mild conditions were chosen for the hydrogenation of (1) to ensure that the norbornane framework was retained. For (1), like for other norbornene derivatives, the effect of prevalent adsorption of a norbornene double bond on an active site (AS) of palladium was confirmed, in contrast to other types of double bonds. Based on a combination of experimental and theoretical data, a consistent mechanism was proposed for the process, in which endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane (3) is obtained as the only final product. The kinetic order with respect to (1) was found to be zero within a wide range of its initial concentrations; the hydrogenation of the intermediate cycloalkene—endo-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]deca-3-ene (2)—was shown to have the first kinetic order. The activation parameters of the liquid-phase hydrogenation of both (1) and (2) were further determined. Based on the Langmuir–Hinshelwood approach and the concept of multiple adsorption of substrates on a single AS, an adequate kinetic model of the process was developed. It was shown that three process steps occurring by two routes significantly contributed to the reaction rate. The rate constants of these reaction steps and the adsorption constants of AS complexes with unsaturated compounds were estimated.
PubDate: 2023-10-24
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- Optimization of Metal-Organic Framework MOF-5 Synthesis for Use in
Cryo-Adsorption Hydrogen Storage-
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Abstract: Synthesis of MOF-5 at room temperature was optimized. The phase-pure crystalline structure with high hydrogen capacity was prepared at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The MOF-5 pressing and subsequent fractionation singificantly improves its operation properties. An adsorption apparatus was designed and assembled to study the adsorption properties of the synthesized materials under the conditions close to the real one. Experiments on studying the adsorption properties of MOF-5 under the conditions of cryogenic hydrogen adsorption showed that the samples adsorbed up 3.3 wt % H2 at a 30 atm pressure and –196°С.
PubDate: 2023-10-24
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- Textural and Adsorption Properties of Silica Doped with Iron Cations
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Abstract: The paper describes the textural properties and adsorption capacity of a number of silica samples doped with Fe3+ cations at concentrations of 1.5, 2.3, and 3.8 mol %. These silica samples were synthesized by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane at various pH values, specifically 1.5, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.0. It was found that both the pH of hydrolysis and the content of doping cations have a major effect on the specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution. The micro–mesoporous silicas synthesized at pH 2.5 exhibited a weak sieve effect: the adsorption of methylene blue on their surface was lower than on the samples produced at the other pH values, whereas the adsorption of aniline was comparable for all samples. Increasing the content of iron ions in the samples enhanced the adsorption of the cationic dye due to a decrease in the electrokinetic potential of the surface.
PubDate: 2023-10-07
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- Online Determination on the Properties of Naphtha as the Ethylene
Feedstock Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-
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Abstract: Providing real-time information on the properties of naphtha as the ethylene feedstock within the minimal time is significant for improvement of the process simulation, control, and real-time optimization. To develop models predicting naphtha properties for different pre-processing methods, an online full transmittance near-infrared (NIR) spectrum measurement system has been used along with the principal component regression and partial least squares (PLS) methods. The results show that the Savitzky-Golay smoothing combined with the first-derivative pre-processing provides the best denoising effect compared to other methods. The predicted relative errors of the NIR models developed by PLS, especially for the cutting temperature points of the test set, basically make 1‒5% indicating it can be used to create good NIR prediction models for the on-line determination of naphtha properties.
PubDate: 2023-10-03
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- Study of Rheological Characteristics of a Water-Based Drilling Fluid in
Presence of Biopolymers, Synthetic Polymer, and Modified Natural Polymer-
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Abstract: The major contemplation in the recent decades is to minimize the operational difficulties during any drilling activity by improving the characteristics of water-based drilling fluids (WBDF). Such problem as a poor hole-cleaning because of settling of drill cutting and debris are extremely common. This problem will eventually convert into a serious non-productive time event in the form of pipe sticking. The most common additives added in the mud system to improve its rheological properties and tackle sedimentation issues are polymeric materials. During this study, four different polymers including sodium alginate and pure-bore as biopolymers, PHPA as a synthetic polymer, and the L-grade polyanionic cellulose (PAC-L) as a modified natural polymer have been used to improve rheological characteristics of WBDF. Laboratory measurements have indicated no considerable changes in the mud weight in the case of addition of these polymers. Moreover, these results reveal that all the systems behave as shear thinning fluid (flow index <1). A decrease in the dynamic viscosity with an increase in the shear rate has been observed for all samples. The disentangling of polymeric chains occurring at high shear rate eventually reduces the viscosity of these systems. In addition, samples that comprised of pure-bore and sodium alginate exhibit the desired operating magnitude of rheology (PV, YP, GS, AV, and YP/PV). These results show such particles minimize operational problems arising because of a poor hole-cleaning. In contrast, a system with PHPA and PAC-L has shown detrimental rheological characteristics. The high molecular weight of PHPA and the hydration of PAC-L in the presence of potassium chloride decrease their performance.
PubDate: 2023-10-03
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- Bimetallic Catalysts for Isomerization of Alkanes (A Review)
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Abstract: Incorporating a second metal into the monometallic bifunctional catalyst structure results in appearance of new catalytic characteristics and increase in the catalytic productivity. This type of catalyst is called bimetallic catalyst, which is better than a monometallic one in industrial processes, because it enhances some catalytic features like metal dispersion, activity, selectivity, stability, and lifespan. Different researches have asserted that the bimetallic catalyst increases the yield of the desired branched alkanes and decreases the undesired low-molecular-weight gaseous products. The enhancement of catalytic properties of the bimetallic catalyst is ascribed mainly to the electronic features and geometric structure of nanoparticles of two metals and increases the Lewis acidity and balance between metals and a supporter. In this paper, the theoretical and experimental fundamentals of bimetallic catalysis are reviewed based on many trusted experimental works of different researchers.
PubDate: 2023-09-26
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- Effects of Ruthenium on the Catalytic Performance of Cobalt-Based Hybrid
Catalysts for Synthesis of Hydrocarbons from CO and H2-
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Abstract: The study investigated a number of cobalt-based hybrid catalysts (prepared as composite mixtures) for integrated Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis and hydroprocessing. The metal component was a Co-based catalyst for FT synthesis prepared by impregnation (Co–Al/SiO2 in one sample and Co–Ru/SiO2 in another); the acid component was a ZSM-5 zeolite in the H-form that additionally contained Ru (incorporated by impregnation in one sample and by ion exchange in another); and the binder was boehmite. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, low-temperature argon adsorption/desorption, EDX, SEM, TEM, H2-TPD, and TPR. The promoter incorporation method was shown to affect the particle size and cobalt reduction conditions. The catalysts were tested in FT synthesis at 2.0 MPa, 240°C, H2/CO = 2, and GHSV 1000 h–1. The method for loading Ru as a hydrogenating agent was found to govern the catalytic activity as well as the group and fractional compositions of the reaction products. It was further shown that co-loading Co and Ru intensifies the hydrogenation and synthesis of hydrocarbons—including C11–C18 (diesel fuel) and in particular iso-alkanes—and minimizes the content of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Incorporating Ru into the acid component favors the isomerization activity of the catalyst. Using impregnation for this purpose maximizes the gasoline productivity (C5–C10 hydrocarbons).
PubDate: 2023-09-26
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- Adsorption Capacity and Biological Activity of Synthetic Zeolites
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Abstract: The study investigates the physicochemical, porous/textural, and adsorptive properties, as well as the biological activity of BEA, RHO, PAU, and FAU(Y) synthetic zeolites. The adsorption capacity of the zeolites for oxytocin, lysozyme, and albumin—markers of low- and medium-molecular-weight pathological proteins—was measured. The concentration-dependent effects of the zeolites on the viability of human endothelial cells (Ea.hy926) were evaluated. At concentrations of 2.5 to 10 mg/mL, the Y zeolite was found to exhibit no pronounced cytotoxicity. In the presence of the BEA, the cell viability decreased to 80% even at 2.5 mg/mL. The RHO and PAU were shown to have the highest cytotoxicity and significantly inhibit the growth of human cells (down to 23–35%). The study demonstrated that only BEA and Y, among the synthetic zeolites tested, have good biomedical potential due to their high adsorption capacity, low hemolytic activity, and low cytotoxicity.
PubDate: 2023-09-07
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- A Double Perovskite Oxide with A-Site Deficiency: A Facile Way to Yield a
Boosted Propane Combustion Catalyst-
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Abstract: Development of robust non-noble metal catalysts for combustive oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low temperatures is in high demand. A-site deficient perovskite catalysts synthesized by gel-combustion technique have been studied for the combustion of propane as a model for the abatement of hydrocarbon VOCs. Double perovskite oxides La2–xNiMnO6 with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 have been prepared. As-prepared samples have been investigated within the temperature range of 200‒500°C and have shown an almost perfect selectivity to carbon dioxide. Certain levels of the A-site deficiency result in the development of more oxygen vacancies, improve oxygen mobility, and enhance the catalyst reducibility. However, an excessive A-site deficiency has been found to deteriorate the catalytic performance. The 72-h durability experiments on the most active sample, La2‒0.1NiMnO6 perovskite, demonstrate its good stability and H2O tolerance. Though the CO2 presence in a feed slightly altered the conversion of La2NiMnO6, and La2‒0.1NiMnO6 catalysts, a significant conversion change has been observed for the La2‒0.15NiMnO6 catalyst. Catalyst characterization techniques used in the study include XRD, BET, H2-TPR, O2-TPD, EPR, and ICP.
PubDate: 2023-09-07
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- A Mini-Review of Nanocomposite Pour Point Depressants
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Abstract: Waxy crude oil transported with a polymeric pour point depressant (PPD) is an effective technology to improve the economics and safety of pipeline transport. According to recent studies, nanoparticles grafted with traditional PPD molecules perform better than pure traditional polymers. Nanocomposites could act as the center of a heterogeneous wax chain nucleation, featuring the property of dispersing wax crystal particles and making wax crystals more compact thus improving the low-temperature fluidity of waxy crude oil. This paper summarizes the recent work on PPDs using various kinds of polymers and nanomaterials for the preparation of nanocomposites over the last few years, with a focus on reviewing the mechanism of action of different types of nanomaterials. Finally, future challenges ahead for nanocomposite PPD research are stated.
PubDate: 2023-08-10
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- Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Silica Supported
Mn-Phosphomolybdate Nanocomposite for Ultra-Deep Desulfurization of
Petroleum Oil Samples-
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Abstract: A heterogeneous manganese-substituted polyoxometalates were immobilized on organosilane modified mesoporous silica for ultra-deep desulfurization of dibenzothiophene. A physicochemical investigation of the catalyst was carried out by FTIR, SEM, BET, XRD, and TEM methods. The results of XRD and FTIR analyses proved that manganese was included into the structure of the catalyst, and the catalyst kept its Keggin-type structure. Due to the use of mesoporous silicate and manganese incorporation into polyoxomolybdate, the synthesized catalyst had the ability to remove sulfur-containing compounds up to 98% of petroleum derivatives. Due to the use of inexpensive materials and simple synthetic technologies, the catalyst can be manufactured in a short time and at a very low cost. This method provides a satisfactory removal of sulfur compounds from gasoline, diesel and other petroleum derivatives.
PubDate: 2023-07-01
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- Excellent Activity of Nb in Promoting Performance of ZSM-5–USY for the
Catalytic Cracking of n-Hexane to Light Olefins-
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Abstract: To improve the catalytic activity of zeolites in cracking of petroleum components for the production of light olefins, ZSM-5–USY composite catalysts modified with transition metals (e.g. Nb, Ni, or W) have been synthesized by an impregnation method. The catalytic performance of the obtained catalysts in the cracking of n-hexane as a model compound of petroleum for the production of light olefins has been evaluated using a fix-bed reactor. The Nb-modified composite zeolite has shown an excellent catalytic activity. The optimal Nb loading for the composite catalyst is 1.5% (1.5% Nb/Z–Y) that provides the highest amount of acid sites. The yield up to 50% and the selectivity up to 68% of the C2–C4 olefins have been achieved at 650°C. The kinetic study of the catalytic n-hexane cracking on 1.5% Nb/ZSM-5–USY has characterized it as the first-order reaction with the apparent activation energy of 115.16 kJ/mol.
PubDate: 2023-07-01
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- Effects of Reaction Mixture Composition and Synthesis Parameters on the
Physicochemical Properties of ZSM-48 Zeolites (A Review): Part 1.-
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Abstract: This review provides a detailed analysis of existing methods for the synthesis of ZSM-48 zeolites using various inorganic reagents, templates, and seeds under varying process conditions (e.g., temperature and time). In particular, the effects of reagents and synthesis parameters on the resultant physicochemical properties of ZSM-48 are discussed. The paper comparatively assesses the properties of a series of ZSM-48 samples synthesized under different conditions. These properties have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, IR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine, IR spectroscopy of adsorbed ammonia, and other physicochemical methods.
PubDate: 2023-07-01
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- Microporous and Hierarchical ZSM-5 Zeolites in Friedländer Synthesis
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Abstract: The study investigates the catalytic performance of microporous and granular micro–meso–macroporous zeolites (H-ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-5h, respectively) in synthesis of quinolines by the reaction of 2-aminoacetophenone with diketones (2,4-pentanedione or dimedone), known as the Friedländer synthesis. In the presence of H-ZSM-5h, 1-(2,4-dimethylquinolin-3-yl)ethanone (1a) and 3,4-dihydro-3,3,9-trimethyl-1(2H)-acridinone (1b) were produced in 82 and 93% yields, respectively.
PubDate: 2023-07-01
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