JournalTOCs

Advances in Image and Video Processing
Number of Followers: 25

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2054-7412
Published by Society for Science and Education

[4 journals]

The Corrected Version of the Special Theory of Relativity
- Authors: Antonov Alexander Alexandrovich
  Abstract: This article shows that the version of the special theory of relativity (STR) presented in all physics textbooks is incorrect, since relativistic formulas obtained therein are incorrect. They are incorrectly explained using the wrong principle of non-exceeding the speed of light and have led to incorrect conclusions about the physical unreality of imaginary numbers and the existence in nature of only our visible universe. This version of the STR proved to be in demand only because its authors were not able to explain physical sense of imaginary numbers. The article provides three proofs of physical reality of imaginary numbers and explains their physical sense in the theory of linear electric circuits, relativistic physics and astrophysics. This made it possible to obtain corrected relativistic formulas, from which appropriate conclusions were drawn.
  PubDate: Tue, 19 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +000
Modeling Failure Waves in Brittle Materials
- Authors: Yehuda Partom
  Abstract: Failure waves in glass were first observed in tests some 50 years ago, with a wave velocity of 1.5-2.5 km/s. In spite of the long time since the discovery of those failure waves, some essential questions concerning them remained unanswered. These are: 1) what is the formation mechanism of those failure waves; 2) what is the propagation mechanism of such failure waves; and 3) what are the kinetics of the failure process' In the past all failure wave researchers assumed that material damage starts from the boundary. But in a recent experimental work on glass [9] they observed that the glass starts to fail within the material behind the shock front, and not from the boundary. This seemingly small change in the way failure waves are formed, makes it possible to predict the mechanics of failure wave formation and propagation, using existing failure models for brittle materials. We’re using here a dynamic failure model for brittle materials that we developed in recent years [10]. To get a failure wave that lags behind the shock front, we assume here that the rate of damage accumulation decreases exponentially with distance from the boundary. This is a plausible assumption, because opening pores and cracks becomes more difficult with distance from the boundary. And indeed, using this assumption we get a failure wave that propagates slower than the shock and at an approximately constant velocity.
  PubDate: Sun, 17 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +000
The Possible Existence of Parallel Universes Within the Total Number of
Hypercubic Lattices of a Multidirectional Discrete Space
- Authors: Christiaan T. Groot
  Abstract: The very many subspaces of a multidirectional hypercubic lattice provide a space structure not present in conventional space demonstrating the possibility of superstructures of self-contained universes of nuniverse subspaces. To show that, first the total number of subspaces nsubspaces of the expanded lattice is determined from the discrete gravitational constant, that is, expressed in the units of a lattice. The total number of subspaces nsubspaces is so large that further structuring in universes of lattices is possible. Starting from the plausible assumption that interactions are limited to one subspace, it is argued that only particles present in one of the universes will interact. Since nsubspaces/nuniverse >1, different autonomous universes are possible.
  PubDate: Sun, 17 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +000
Taxonomic Murder and Ethical Practice: A Reply to Alf and Wieneke (2023)
on the Taxonomic State of Lambis vertriesti Dekkers & Maxwell, 2022
(Neostromboidae; Strombidae) and a Range Extension for that Species
- Authors: Stephen J. Maxwell
  Abstract: Lambis vertriesti ranges from the Philippines into Indonesia. Lambis species in general are highly plastic in form, and comparison should be drawn based on holotype material for accuracy. The use of a regionalised form that is morphologically incompatible from the holotype is theoretically unsound. Significant morphological features differentiate L. vertriesti from Lambis lambis and the synonymisation of those species by Alf and Wienke is unwarranted.
  PubDate: Sun, 10 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +000
Concurrent Infections Among Pyretic Children Seeking Treatment at Alupe
Sub County Hospital, Busia County, Kenya
- Authors: Albert W. Mwongula; Donald N. Siamba, Lizzy A. Mwamburi, Matilu Mailu
  Abstract: Fever is a frequently occurring medical symptom and may result from many divergent conditions ranging from mild to potentially serious. Children typically get high and fast – occurring fevers, reflecting the effects of the pyrogens upon an inexperienced immune system. Symptoms and signs of Chikungunya virus infections are quite similar to those of malaria and typhoid fever. Malaria and typhoid investigations are routinely carried out to establish the cause of pyrexia of unknown origin and treatment follows with complete neglect of Chikungunya virus infections. Thus, Chikungunya virus fever cases can sometimes be misdiagnosed or occur simultaneously with malaria, typhoid fever or both. This study was conducted to determine the concurrent infections of malaria and/or typhoid fever with Chikungunya virus, among febrile children aged 1 – 12 years seeking treatment in Alupe Sub County Hospital, Busia, Kenya. Blood smears were prepared for detection of malarial parasites and serum sample for widal test to detect typhoid fever. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and Plaque Reduction Neutralisation Test were performed to detect the Chikungunya virus antibodies. The median age/interquartile range age for the febrile children was 4.5 years and 55.5% were female. Concurrent infections of Chikungunya virus with malaria or typhoid was 9.6% and 7%, respectively, using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay technique and 10.5% and 9.9%, respectively, using Plaque Reduction Neutralisation Test. This supports the recommendation that Chikungunya virus should be tested for using both serological and molecular diagnostics in cases of patients presenting with fever.
  PubDate: Sun, 10 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +000
Alignment in Physics, Biology and Psychology
- Authors: R. Englman
  Abstract: In a variety of phenomena of our experiences we find that these come into existence (only) thanks to the special way that two disparate items (in the broadest term) are coupled together, which coupling leads to the exclusion of the many more possibilities absent the coupling. Instances of this, here termed ”Alignment”, are discussed within a quantal formalism, for the collapse of wave packets in measurements, for the elongation of protein chains in a cell and for the emergence of awareness resulting from and linked to neural action. For the last, a dual Hilbert-space formulation of mental activities leads to the semi-quantitative explanation of R.N. Shepard’s seminal findings for reaction times in recalls.
  PubDate: Fri, 08 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +000
In vitro Susceptibility to Herbal Extracts of Biofilm-Forming streptococci
from otitis Media
- Authors: Anna Kandričáková; Eva Bino, Andrea Lauková
  Abstract: Acute otitis media is frequent infection in children. Complications in bacterial otitis media (AOM) are caused mainly by streptococcal species Streptococcus pneumoniae and Str. pyogenes. Bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics is a growing problem in the treatment of this infection, especially when the antibiotic-resistant bacteria form a biofilm. Biofilm increases the resistance of bacteria against antibiotics and immune mechanisms and complicates treatment of infection. This problem leads to search for other therapeutic options. Nature is an attractive source of natural substances including herbal extracts with immunomodulating, anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects. Clinical isolates (16) from acute otitis media cases in children (Dr. Hupková and Dr. Bukovský, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia) were kindly supplied to our laboratory for further analyses. Nine strains (9) of the species Str. pneumoniae and seven strains (7) of the species Str. pyogenes were analyzed. Streptococci were susceptible to antibiotics tested. Resistance in both species was observed to oxacillin and rifampicin. Two strains SPY 112, SPY 114 were characterized as multi-resistant. Str. pyogenes strains produced complete (β)-hemolysis and Str. pneumoniae strains incomplete (α)-hemolysis. They mostly showed biofilm formation ability evaluated as highly – positive and/or low-grade positive. All tested streptococci were susceptible to oregano and sage with the medium – size and high – size of inhibitory zones. Oregano and sage herbal extracts are indicated as effective bioactive substances with antimicrobial activity and could be used in the prevention or as supportive treatment in infection caused by biofilm – forming bacterial strains.
  PubDate: Fri, 08 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +000
Teacher’s Perception Over Identity Negotiation of Immigrant Children in
Secondary Schools in the UK
- Authors: Sule Sallah Muhammed
  Abstract: This study explores the intricate connection between identity negotiation and academic achievement among immigrant students in high schools in the United Kingdom. It examines how students and teachers navigate cultural diversity's challenges in education, uncovering the interplay between cultural backgrounds, language learning, and academic success. Utilizing mixed methods, the research employs interviews and observations to collect data from immigrant students and teachers across four urban high schools. Findings reveal the time-intensive nature of language acquisition for immigrant students, impacting their academic language proficiency over the years. Teachers are crucial in establishing inclusive classrooms that foster identity negotiation and academic excellence. The study underscores the importance of effective school-family communication, advocating tailored approaches for cultural differences. Implications extend to educational policy, emphasizing inclusive environments that value students' diverse identities. Providing insights into immigrant students' experiences, this research enriches the understanding of identity negotiation in education and offers actionable recommendations for enhancing their academic achievement.
  PubDate: Fri, 08 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +000