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Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.587  Citation Impact (citeScore): 2 Number of Followers: 27  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 1388-6150 - ISSN (Online) 1588-2926 Published by Springer-Verlag  [2468 journals]
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- Correction: Thermophysical properties evaluation for a polar fluid on the
basis of the experimentally determined heat capacity and dipole moment in
the ideal gas states-
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PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Correction: Influence of oxidizing gas atmosphere on thermal stability and
safety risk of 1-buty-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate-
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PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Special issue on the 2nd international conference on loss prevention,
process safety, and thermal analysis in chemical and coal industries
(LPPSTA 2021)-
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PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Effects of design parameters on thermal parameters for an adaptive cycle
turbofan-
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Abstract: In this study, effects of high-pressure compressor pressure ratio (HPC PR) and bypass ratio (BPR) regarding adaptive cycle turbofan (ACT) engine on performance parameters and second law parameters of thermodynamics involving Carnot, Curzon–Ahlborn, Caputo, thermal and exergy efficiencies are dealt with. For this aim, HPC PR changes between 4 and 6, and bypass ratio ranges between 0.3 and 0.6. At same altitude of 10,000 m, comparative analysis is performed for efficiency behavior of ACT engine at military mode (MM) and afterburner mode (ABM). Better understanding of performance improvements of a military aircraft can be possible by investigating these efficencies for different design variables. Based on these computations, environmental and irreversibility parameters involving specific irreversibility production and environmental effect factor regarding ACT engine are dealt with at both modes. According to performance outcomes, SFC of the ACT engine decreases by 7.66% at MM, whereas it increases by 0.34% at ABM due to higher BPR. Moreover, it diminishes by 4.98% at MM and decreases by 0.42% at ABM with influence of the elevated HPC PR. As for efficiency analyses, exergy efficiency of ACT engine increases from 20.04 to 21.7% at MM, whereas it decreases 17.43 to 17.37% at ABM with effect of raised BPR. The higher HPC PR leads to increase from 20.32 to 21.38% at MM and from 17.39 to 17.46% at ABM. Among the components, the combustor has the lowest exergy efficiency, which is favorably affected from both variables at MM. Finally, environmental effect factor of the ACT becomes lower thanks to the higher BPR and HPC PR at MM. However, at ABM, to increase these variables do not result in lower EEF. Therefore, considering design parameters according to operation modes could lead in finding more meaningful outcomes. It is thought that this study helps in analyzing of thermodynamic parameters with respect to different design parameters.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Interdependency of pyrolysis and combustion: a case study for
lignocellulosic biomass-
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Abstract: It is intriguing to see how a storm kills a candle but catalyzes the spread of a forest or residential fire. The question is difficult to answer and requires a holistic approach. The underlying study employs a holistic approach to studying the fundamental of lignocellulosic biomass combustion. The study involves analysis of ignition properties, energy, and mass transport limitations, and the quantity of energy released/demanded at various stages of the combustion process. Combustion in a solid involves three primary stages such as pyrolysis, gasification, and oxidation. Pyrolysis, which is also the first step of the combustion process, is endothermic and requires energy from external sources to progress. On the other hand, gasification and oxidation are exothermic processes. The study hypothesizes that pyrolysis as an energy-demanding process has much influence on the overall combustion process. In this study, pyrolysis and combustion experiments are conducted using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at various heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 °C min−1) in N2 and air atmospheres, respectively. Mass loss (TG), differential curve (DTG), differential thermal analysis, and heat flow concerning temperature and time for both processes are recorded. The isoconversional methods such as Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose are employed to estimate the activation energy of the process with respect to the conversion. The differential calorimetry analysis of the process reveals that the combustion process has two exothermic zones: one related to the combustion of volatiles released during the pyrolysis step and another one related to the combustion of char. In the terms of magnitude, the second exothermic step is predominated by the first one. The FTIR analysis of the raw biomass and char produced from the isothermal reveals the structural transformation of the biomass concerning temperature and conversion.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Experimental investigation and optimization of sand-coated solar air
collector parameters by fuzzy-MCDM integrated decision approach-
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Abstract: A sand-coated solar air collector (SCSAC) is simulated and optimized using an integrated expert technique fuzzy C-Means Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy logic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (FCM-TSK-FL-TOPSIS) for climatic conditions of Bangalore rural, Southern part of India. In this study, the FCM method was used to cluster the experimental dataset, and TSK-FL is used to predict the optimal experimental data, while TOPSIS is applied in order to optimize SAC input and output parameters. Different governing characteristics are taken into account as input parameters, such as air mass flow rate, collector tilt angle, solar radiation, and ambient temperature, while thermal efficiency, temperature rise, and pressure drop are output parameters. Initially, the input parameters of a sand-coated SAC are varied in order to conduct experiments. Finally, results are revealed from the integrated method for sand-coated SAC experimental optimal input setting as 0.010 kgs−1 mass flow rate, 933.7 Wm−2 solar radiation, 35.33 °C temperature inlet and corresponding output optimal parameters such as temperature rise is 61.4 °C, energy efficiency 34.48%, and pressure drop of 6.86 Pa. This integrated method is beneficial for researchers who are engaged in the optimization of solar thermal systems and industries applications which involve drying, heating, etc.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Influence mechanism of dry and wet alternate aging on thermal property
characteristics of wood-
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Abstract: Over the past years, multiple fire accidents have been witnessed in ancient wooden buildings around the world, thereby causing major losses of cultural relics and social impact. Because of the damage of the ancient wood structure caused by the problem of aging, this enables its thermal conduction properties to change. For this reason, the way how the fire spread also changes. This study was based on the concept that the environmental characteristics of ancient building wood subjected to long-term natural aging, and so the artificially accelerated and alternate process of dry and wet aging method used for wood materials was determined. To that end, the common wood types of ancient buildings were selected as the research objects, so as to obtain the varying degrees of dry and wet aging wood materials. Furthermore, the characteristics of pores on the outer surface of aging wood materials were analyzed through the experiments conducted with a scanning electron microscope. Through the thermophysical property test, the variation law of thermophysical property parameters of aging wood materials with temperature was appraised, and the influence mechanism of the alternate process of dry–wet aging on the thermal conductivity of wood was revealed. The results demonstrated that the cell wall of wood underwent plastic deformation during the alternate process of dry and wet aging. Also, the local wood structure collapsed to different degrees, and so the surface tear degree increased. Because of the joint influence of the elastic stress and the mechanical adsorbed creep stress generated in the alternate process of dry and wet aging, the surface pore deformation of wood was periodic and dampened with the aging degree, so that the heat conduction properties of wood all manifested the change law of sinusoidal damping with the deepening of the aging degree. It is hoped that the research results could provide a theoretical basis for both the early prediction about and the accurate warning of fire spread in ancient wooden structures.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Application of spherical ultrafine CuO@AP with core–shell in AP/HTPB
composite solid propellant-
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Abstract: In order to improve the mechanical and combustion properties of composite solid propellant, the CuO@AP with core–shell structure was prepared by solvent–nonsolvent recrystallization method, and it was applied to AP/HTPB composite solid propellant. The thermal decomposition properties, sensitivity properties and tensile properties of CuO@AP propellant were studied and compared with ultrafine AP propellant, ultrafine spherical AP propellant and the mixture of CuO and AP (CuO/AP) propellant. The results show that the Ea of ultrafine spherical AP propellant is 8.16% lower than that of ultrafine AP propellant with the same particle size, and the rate constant increases by 13.64%; the Ea of the CuO@AP propellant is 23.63% lower than that of CuO/AP propellant with ultrafine AP of the same particle size, and the rate constant increases by 172.7%. What’s more, the catalytic effect of CuO@AP is obviously better than that of CuO/AP. The impact sensitivity of ultrafine spherical AP propellant is 29.61% lower than that of ultrafine AP propellant with the same particle size, and the εb is increased by 51.35%. The impact sensitivity of the CuO@AP propellant is 25.38% lower than that of CuO/AP propellant with ultrafine AP of the same particle size, and the εb is increased by 63.76%. The above shows that the CuO@AP composite particles with core–shell structure have potential application prospects in AP/HTPB propellant.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Influence of oxidizing gas atmosphere on thermal stability and safety risk
of 1-buty-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate-
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Abstract: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF4) is often used as an extractive desulfurization of liquid fuels. However, the role of air and nitrogen atmospheres on thermal effect of [Bmim]BF4 has been shown to the opposite. Thus, the effect of oxidizing gases on thermal stability and safety risk of [Bmim]BF4 is worth further investigation. In this study, the thermal stability, decomposition mechanism, and thermal hazards of [Bmim]BF4 were studied by thermogravimetric (TG), simultaneous application of thermogravimetric with a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), and accelerated adiabatic calorimetry (ARC). Obtained by thermogravimetric experiments, the long-term thermal stability of [Bmim]BF4 is \({\mathrm{MOT}}_{8000}\hspace{0.17em}\) = 92 ℃ under air and \({\mathrm{MOT}}_{8000}\hspace{0.17em}\) = 112 ℃ under nitrogen. TG-FTIR shows that the decomposition mechanism is different in the two atmospheres; CO2 is only produced under air, indicating that the decomposition products of [Bmim]BF4 undergo combustion and release huge heat, which explains the exotherm of DSC images in air. In adiabatic experiments, different atmospheres affect the decomposition reaction order of [Bmim]BF4. Nitrogen suppresses the thermal effect of [Bmim]BF4, because although the decomposition rate of [Bmim]BF4 before runaway is much greater under nitrogen than under air, the maximum temperature and maximum pressure are still less than under air. The thermal stability, thermal effect, and adiabatic runaway of [Bmim]BF4 in different atmosphere are a typical representations of ILs, which proves that oxidizing atmosphere has a great negative influence on thermal hazards of [Bmim]BF4.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Development of thermal explosion model on industrial-scale nitrocellulose
under adiabatic and non-adiabatic condition-
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Abstract: This study investigated the thermal stability characteristics and developed a thermal explosion model for industrial-scale nitrocellulose (NC) using simultaneous thermal analysis, accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) measurements, and kinetics data. The time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions was approximately 35 min, and the adiabatic temperature rise recorded by the ARC was 70 °C, which indicated that the NC released considerable amounts of heat and gases in an extremely short time. Moreover, an autocatalytic kinetic model of NC decomposition was developed using nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry data. The simulation results (of the thermal explosion model) were consistent with the experimental results (ARC data). Furthermore, the heat radiation effect of external fire sources on NC explosions was also investigated. This study aids the prevention and control of NC explosions and for the development of fire extinguishing technology.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Thermodynamic analysis and experimental investigation of the water spray
cooling of photovoltaic solar panels-
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Abstract: This paper investigates an alternative cooling method for photovoltaic (PV) solar panels by using water spray. For the assessment of the cooling process, the experimental setup of water spray cooling of the PV panel was established at Sultanpur (India). This setup was tested in a geographical location with different climate conditions. It was found that the temperature of the panel decreased from 53 to 23 °C and the total power was increased by 15.3% by the water spray cooling. The effectiveness of the system is also increased by its cleaning effects. The efficiency of this solar PV is reduced with the increase of panel temperature. The experiments showed that the PV cell efficiency was dropped by 0.5% with an increase of 1 °C in panel temperature. However, the electrical efficiency of the panel was increased by 0.28%/0.2 °C of temperature drop by the single nozzle spray cooling.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Migration behavior of chlorine during co-gasification of Shenmu coal and
corn straw-
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Abstract: The addition of biomass such as straw in the coal gasification process is one of the strategies for clean and efficient utilization of coal with decreasing CO2 emissions. However, the abundance of chlorine and alkaline metals contained in the corn straw is the key factor to aggravate the corrosion, deposition, and slagging of the co-gasifier. The effects of temperature (700–900 °C), residence time (2–12 min) and the addition ratios of corn straw on the migration behavior of Cl are studied during co-gasification of Shenmu coal and corn straw. The results show that the released amount of Cl from coal increases with the increase in gasification temperature and the extension of gasification time, while the amount of Cl in the coal gasification residue decreases initially and then stabilizes. On the other hand, the released amount of Cl from the corn straw increases with the increasing temperature and the extension of time below 800 °C, but both the temperature and time extension show limited effect on the released amount of Cl above 800 °C. It is also identified that the migration and volatilization behavior of Cl is related to the mass proportions of coal and biomass during the co-gasification process. When the addition ratios of corn straw are 16.7% and 50%, the released amount of Cl from the coal-biomass mixtures can be inhibited, while the released amount of Cl can be promoted when corn straw is added to coal-biomass mixture at the ratio of 37.5%.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Thermodynamic analysis of a lower-GWP and nonflammable alternative to
R507A-
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Abstract: To cope with the problem of global warming caused by greenhouse gases, an environmentally friendly working fluid with low global warming potential (GWP) value was proposed to replace R507A which has a higher GWP value. This paper evaluated the thermodynamic properties and cycle performance of the alternative named RTB1. Firstly, the thermodynamic properties of RTB1 were investigated experimentally, including saturated vapor pressure and miscibility with polyol ester (POE) lubricating oil. The results showed that the saturated vapor pressure of RTB1 is 7.14% higher than that of R507A on average, and RTB1 has good miscibility with POE 32. Secondly, the flammability of RTB1 was tested by the flammability limits test system, and the experimental results showed that RTB1 was a non-flammable working fluid. Finally, the cycle performance of RTB1 and R507A under different operating conditions was compared. RTB1 is better than R507A in terms of cooling capacity per unit volume and coefficient of performance, however, the discharge temperature of RTB1 is higher than that of R507A. This work is of great significance to promote the elimination process of high-GWP working fluids and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Effects of oxygen concentration and heating rate on coal spontaneous
combustion characteristics-
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Abstract: Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC), as the central cause of coal fire disasters, gravely threatens the safety and efficiency of coalmine production. We take Huating long flame coal as an example and use simultaneous thermal analyzer to investigate how oxygen concentration and heating rate effects CSC characteristics. The reaction process, variation of characteristic temperature, and heat flow were studied. Besides, the kinetic model and parameters were calculated through Šatava and Ozawa methods. The results indicated that the curve peaks of TG and DSC moved to lower temperatures and the characteristic temperatures gradually decreased when the oxygen concentration changed from 3 to 21%. On the contrary, the curve peaks of TG and DSC moved to higher temperature region and the characteristic temperatures increased as the heating rate rose. The most probable mechanism function of Huating long flame is determined to be Avrami–Erofeev equation (n = 3) by calculation. When oxygen concentration is 3% or 21%, CSC showed larger tendency. The higher the heating rate, the larger the apparent activation energy, and harder to occur CSC. These findings provide a basis for discovering the formation and evolution mechanism of coal fires.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Structural characterization of a cytosine-rich potential quadruplex
forming sequence in the EGFR promoter-
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Abstract: I-motifs are tetra-helixes that may form in cytosine-rich strands. They are based on cytosine–cytosine+ base pairs that require the N3 hemi-protonation of the nucleobases, and therefore, the stability of these non-canonical DNA arrangements depends on pH. These structures are promising targets for the development of new cancer therapies since they are enriched in the promoters of oncogenes where they can play a role in the regulation of transcription. The proximal promoter of the EGFR oncogene has multiple regions with a significant potential to form such a tetra-helix arrangement. Here, we present the thermodynamic characterization of a C-rich sequence located 37 nucleotides upstream of the transcription starting site of EGFR. We confirmed the ability of this sequence to fold into an I-motif. By applying a global analysis of calorimetric and spectroscopic data, we derived the dependency of the apparent standard Gibbs free energy change associated with the I-motif folding upon temperature and pH. The results showed that, in contrast to in silico prediction, only 4 CC+ base pairs formed while additional GC and TT base pairings were detected in the I-motif. Noteworthy, a single residue mutation at G14 largely shifts the equilibrium toward the formation of multimeric species.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Hydration characteristics of iron-rich phosphoaluminate cement: effect of
accelerating admixtures on the setting time and compressive strength-
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Abstract: Iron-rich phosphoaluminate cement (PAC) has broad application prospects in some special engineerings where traditional silicate cement is not applicable due to its superior performance. However, it was found that the cement setting was too slow. The objective of this paper is to initially explore the effect of accelerating admixtures on the setting and hydration properties of iron-rich PAC prepared from industrial raw materials. The experimental results indicated that Al2(SO4)3 could shorten the setting time but decreased the compressive strength of the cement due to the expansion of AFt generated in cement stone. By contrast, the same content of CaCl2 had a more significant effect on promoting the cement setting. Further, 5% CaCl2 benefited the development of mechanical strength by promoting the cement hydration and improving the internal pore structure of cement stone. Consequently, this research provided guidance for regulating the working performance and promote the application of iron-rich PAC well.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Cyclic heating of saturated steam changes the surface properties of
sandstone-
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Abstract: Hydrothermal sandstone geothermal energy extraction is an important part of clean energy mining and use. During the mining process, the high-temperature saturated water vapour produced has a significant effect on the properties of surrounding rocks. To understand the effects of high-temperature saturated water vapour on lithology, this paper researched the effects on sandstone. First, the sandstone was subjected to 0–100 cycles of saturated water vapour heat treatment at 200 °C, during which the dry mass and saturated mass of each sample were recorded; then, data on the chroma, glossiness, roughness, and hardness of the rock samples after different cycle treatments were collected. The results show that as the number of cycles increased, the cement and surface particles peeled off successively, and the mass of the sandstone decreased. Also, the saturated water content increased overall; the chroma, gloss, and hardness decreased overall. The variation in roughness was similar to a cosine curve, reaching the maximum value at the 55th cycle, and the change in hardness and plasticity of sandstone compression also shows a turning point. The change in sandstone surface properties started a new cycle after the 55th cycle, maintaining the previous change law.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Utilizing thermokinetic and calorimetric methods to assess the impact of
an initiator on the thermal hazard of diallyl phthalate-
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Abstract: Diallyl phthalate (DAP), a crucial raw material in producing resin materials, has been studied widely in terms of its polymerization process and application in material modification. However, less attention has been paid to its safety. In this study, the influence of initiators on the thermal hazard of DAP was examined from various viewpoints by conducting thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry experiments and by performing thermokinetic analysis with multiple models. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of DAP was studied. The three-step autocatalysis reaction simulations agreed well with the experimental findings obtained for DAP. The simulated conversion limit time and time to the maximum rate under adiabatic conditions indicate that the thermal hazard of DAP can serve as a reference for controlling its production and storage temperatures.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Thermal reaction properties of aluminum/iron fluoride nanothermites
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Abstract: The composite powders of nanoscale aluminum (n-Al) and iron fluoride (FeF3) were prepared by an ultrasonic mixing method. The microscopic morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy, the crystalline phase structure was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer, and extensive thermal analysis of the single components and composites was carried out, focusing on the thermal reaction properties of n-Al/FeF3. The reaction process and pre-ignition reaction of the complexes were investigated by characterizing the reaction products of n-Al/FeF3 and Al2O3/FeF3 at certain temperatures. Finally, the apparent activation energy of the thermite reaction of n-Al/FeF3 was determined using the Ozawa method, the Flynn method, and the Starink method. Under an Ar environment, n-Al/FeF3 could react at a lower temperature (613.8 ℃) and give off more heat (1097.0 J g−1) compared with n-Al/Fe2O3. In the air environment, n-Al/FeF3 also showed a lower reaction temperature (509.7 ℃). N-Al could be totally oxidized at a lower temperature with a higher degree of reaction, although the reaction heat release (1477.6 J g−1) was lower than that of n-Al/Fe2O3 (2692.5 J g−1). A pre-ignition reaction occurred before the main reaction of n-Al/FeF3, but no evident exothermic peaks were found in the thermal analysis. The activation energies of exothermic peaks 1 and 2 for n-Al/FeF3 were 113.79 kJ mol−1 and 185.45 kJ mol−1, respectively, slightly higher than those of n-Al/Fe2O3. The study results reported in this work provide a certain reference for the in-depth research and application of the n-Al/fluoride thermite system, as well as fresh ideas for the development of novel nanothermite materials.
PubDate: 2023-06-01
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- Effect of different proportions of Mg(BH4)2/Al on thermal decomposition of
RDX-
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Abstract: In order to study the effect of aluminum powder and Mg(BH4)2 on the thermal safety of energetic materials, the mixtures that RDX mixed with different proportions of Al/Mg(BH4)2 were produced by using the molding powder method. The thermal decomposition curves of mixed explosives were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and adiabatic accelerated calorimetry (ARC), the kinetic parameters were calculated, and the risk of the thermal runaway was evaluated. The following main conclusions were drawn. Under the premise of a certain RDX quality, the decomposition heat of adding the same mass of Al is 1.15 times that of adding the same mass of Mg(BH4)2. Adding Mg(BH4)2 alone will reduce the thermal stability of RDX, while adding Al/Mg(BH4)2 mixture will improve the thermal stability of RDX. The mass ratio of Al/Mg(BH4)2 is less than 2:1, which can improve the performance of mixed explosives to a certain extent, and the mixed explosive as a whole achieve better thermal safety. This study provides important information for improving the safety of storage, transportation, and use of RDX-based mixed explosives.
PubDate: 2023-05-12
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