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Advances in Analytical Chemistry
Number of Followers: 30  Open Access journalISSN (Print) 2163-2839 - ISSN (Online) 2163-2847 Published by SAP  [105 journals]
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- Assessment and Spatio-seasonal Variation of Physiochemical Parameters and
Heavy Metals in the Warri River, Delta State, Nigeria
Abstract: Publication year: 2022Source: Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 12, Number 1Isreal O. Akinwole, Isa Elabor, Gibson I. AlaiyaThis study assessed some physiochemical and heavy metal parameters of Warri River in relation to the Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality/Nigeria Industrial Standard (NSDWQ/NIS 554:2015) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for surface water. The study was done for two seasons (dry and wet season) and at five sampling points (SP), to ascertain how seasonal and location variation affect thirteen (13) physiochemical parameters and seven (7) heavy metals. The sampling and analysis were conducted in accordance with the American Public Health Association (APHA). There was a significant spatial variation (p < 0.05) in average values of pH, EC, TDS, Turb, TSS,
TP, and TN, while there was a significant seasonal variation (p < 0.05) in the average values of pH, WT, O&G, COD, and TP in Warri River. The total average value of EC, TDS, 
and Turb exceeded NSDWQ/NIS and WHO limits for both seasons, especially from SP 3 to SP 5. The concentrations of Pb, Fe, and Ni exceeded the NSDWQ/NIS and WHO limits for both seasons, while Cd was not detected. The results showed that the mean concentrations of metals ranked (high to low) Fe> Zn> Ni> Cu> Pb> Cr during both seasons. There was significant spatial variation (p < 0.05) but no seasonal significant variation for all of the analysed heavy metals in Warri River. As a result, governments and other responsible authorities must monitor industrial effluent discharged into Warri River.
- Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Crab and Prawn Tissue from Ojo River,
Ojo-Lagos
Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 11, Number 1Olusegun S. Tunde, Ezeokoli C. Abigail, Fadimu O. Kehinde, Badmus W. Abolore, Olatunde A. Temidayo, Osundiya M. OlubunmiThis research was carried out to assess the extent of chemical contamination of the river ecosystem by man’s anthropogenic activities, and in turn the adverse effects of the chemical pollutants on man’s health. Therefore, the level of heavy metals' contamination from Pb, Cd, Zn AND Cu in six crabs and prawn samples from Ojo River were assessed using atomic absorption spectrometer. Pb, and Cd were observed to have the mean concentration 24.67 ±5.20 μg/g, 7.78 ± 2.38 μg/g and 0.69±0.13 μg/g respectively with the highest mean level of concentrations (67.71 ± 2.20 μg/g) was found in Crab, while the least was Cd with 0.69±0.13 μg/g which were above NAFDAC permissible limits for aquatic foods. However, Pb and Cd were not detected in the prawn samples, with the Zn and Cu mean concentration of 35.67±4.38 and 3.68±1.41 μg/g respectively which are within the WHO/FAO and NAFDAC standard limits. The data gained from this experiment showed that crabs showed higher mean heavy metal concentration than prawn, hence, crabs are better bio- indicator of trace metals in a river ecosystem.
- Determination of the Number of Epoxides Groups by FTIR-HATR and Its
Correlation with 1H NMR, in Epoxidized Linseed Oil
Abstract: Publication year: 2021Source: Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 11, Number 1Juan F. Nieto, Enrique Vigueras Santiago, Susana Hernández LópezBy varying the conditions of the epoxidation reaction, samples of epoxidized linseed oil with different epoxidation degrees were obtained. The epoxidation of linseed oil was carried out by the formation of peracetic acid in situ using acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide solution, Amberlite IR-120H as the catalyst, and toluene as solvent. The quantification of the number of epoxides was carried out by 1H-NMR and the values obtained were correlated with the absorbance of the epoxy group signal in the FTIR-HATR spectrum. The method used to quantify the absorbance of the epoxy group signal by FTIR-HATR is based on the analysis of two regions: the area between 765-854 cm-1, and the net absorbance at 821 cm-1. Both signals analysis showed high linear correlation coefficients corroborating that this methodology represents an easy, fast, and reliable technique in the quantification of epoxides in natural oils.
- Antioxidant Activity of Five Medicinal Plants Extrats Used for Management
of Bacterial Diseases in Burkina Faso
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 10, Number 2Jules Yoda, Seydou Sourabié, Angèle ZoungranaThe plant biodiversity of Burkina Faso abounds with countless plants, some of which are of proven medicinal interest. The objective of this work is to highlight five (5) medicinal plants including Psidium guajava, Euphorbia hirta, Combretum micranthum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Terminalia avicennioides used in the management of bacterial infections. Recent work shows that many microbial pathologies, particularly bacterial and viral infections, are linked to oxidative stress induced by the production and development of free radicals. In this study, we established the chemical profile of the extracts in therapeutic compounds of interest such as phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity of the decocted extracts of these five plants was studied by several methods including the DPPH tests, the ABTS test and the lipid peroxidation test. Significant and interesting results were obtained.
- Evaluation of Warburgia ugandensis Extracts and Compounds for Crop
Protection against Prostephanus truncates
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 10, Number 2Sylvia A. OpiyoInsect pests cause a significant loss of maize production in Africa. Maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky) and the larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus Horn) are the most destructive insect pests of maize. Chemical control is the most commonly used and the most effective method at the farm level. However, some of the chemicals cause adverse effects to environment and humans. In addition, insecticides available in the market are expensive and mostly out of reach to smallholder farmers. The use of botanicals for pests and disease control is preferred because plant materials are non-toxic and are readily available. This study investigated the efficacy of extracts and compounds from Warbugia ugandensis leaves for control of P. truncatus infestation in stored maize. All the crude extracts exhibited repellent, toxicity and growth inhibition activities against P. truncates. The most active compounds were polygodial, warburganal, ugandensolide and mukaadial. The findings from this study show that extracts from W. ugandensis are effective in controlling the larger grain borer and therefore could be used to control the pest.
- Chemical Compositions of Plukenetia conophora Mull. Arg. Root Bark Crude
Oil Extract
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 10, Number 1Ayoola P. B., Akintola A. O., Odeniyi M. A., Faboya O. O. P., Onawumi O. O. E.The crude oil extract from the root bark of Plukenetia conophora Mull.arg plant was analyzed for their constituents by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Fourteen compounds were identified in the root bark oil. The most abundant compounds in the oil were 11, 14-octadecadienoic acid (41.20%) and palmitic acid (26.46%), while the less abundant compounds were; stearic acid (8.07%) and triacontanoic acid (3.42%). The characteristic of this oil is the presence of long chain fatty acids.
- Application of Different Ligands to Optimize Cd(II) Removal Through Liquid
Membranes
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 10, Number 1Mersiha Suljkanović, Edita Bjelić, Jasmin Suljagić, Azra KovačevićAmong numerous techniques for successful separation and removal of metal cations, transport through bulk liquid membranes attracts special attention of researchers. In this paper, different ligands were applied as possible carriers for Cd(II) ions. Influence of substituents in macrocyclic ligands derived from 18-crown-6 reflected in decreased amount of transported Cd(II) ions, compared to 18-crown-6 (61,26%), in all used solvents, following the order: DCH18C6
- Facile Root for Isolation of Rhamnocitrin Sulphate from Tetracera
Alnifolia Willd
Abstract: Publication year: 2020Source: Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 10, Number 1Victor N’Goka, Nicaise Narcisse Obaya, Jean Bruno Mokoko, Cyril Antheaume
- Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of
allium sativum Juice on Multi-Resistant Strains
Abstract: Publication year: 2019Source: Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 9, Number 2Mokoko Jean Bruno, Miguel Landry, Mbemba Bahamboula Destiny, Mouankie Jean Bertin, Abena Ange AntoineAmong these plants are the species of the genus Allium which are unequally distributed in the world. There are more than 120 documented uses, but its chemical identity and antibacterial and antifungal properties (Agarwal K.C. et al. 1996,) are very poorly documented in the Congo. Material and Methods: We used fresh bulbs of Allium sativum grown in Congo, after grinding and filtration of garlic 120 ml of juice was obtained after. Phytochemical studies were carried out with determination of the content of flavonoids and on a young culture the antibacterial and antifungal activity in vitro of the aqueous extract of garlic was evaluated in the Bacteriology department, of the National Public Health Laboratory. Result: Allium Sativum harvested in Congo has a strongly positive flavonoid level. Gram-positive bacterial strains were more sensitive to the extract than gram-negative bacterial strains. The inhibitory effect of pure allium sativum extract was effective compared to conventional antibiotics. Conclusion. This study allowed us to justify the validity of the antimicrobial virtues granted to this plant.
- Validation of the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for Heavy Metal
Analysis and Geochemical Exploration of Sediment Samples from the Sebangan
River
Abstract: Publication year: 2019Source: Advances in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 9, Number 2Asare Ebenezer Aquisman, Zaini Bin Assim, Rafeah Binti Wahi, Droepenu Eric Kwabena, Wilson FestusThis study was to validate the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) in the determination of heavy metals using surface sediments from the Sebangan (estuary of Sadong River), Sarawak State, Malaysia as a case study. Aqua regia procedure was used to extract the trace elements from the sediments. The Scanning Electron Microscope was used to analyse and investigate the microstructure morphology and chemical composition characterizations of the sediments. The results of the examination confirmed to the fact that the technique validated was appropriate and less laborious for the determination of the 12 metals of interest (Al, Mn, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn and Pb) in the sediment. Massive deposits of sharp teeth granite and quartz particles of distinct tetrahedral conformation with plus size were observed in the samples investigated.
