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International Journal of Stress Management
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.879

Citation Impact (citeScore): 2
Number of Followers: 6

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ISSN (Print) 1072-5245
Published by APA

[89 journals]

When needs are high but resources are low: A study of burnout and
secondary traumatic stress symptoms among nurses and nursing students in
rural Uganda.
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  Abstract: Amidst a global nursing shortage, health care providers, particularly those working and training in low-resource settings, are at an increased risk for work-related stress problems, such as burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS). Symptoms of burnout and STS have been associated with absenteeism and intent to leave the profession and may in turn contribute to the nursing shortage. In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 208 health care providers (nurses and nursing students) in Fort Portal, Uganda, completed standardized self-report questionnaires allowing researchers to examine the relationships between the lifetime direct exposure to potentially traumatic events (trauma load) and symptoms of burnout, STS, and related constructs of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Based on the theories of allostasis, transactional stress, and conservation of resources, we developed and tested two models predicting symptoms of STS from trauma load first through exhaustion symptoms, then both through and qualified by exhaustion symptoms, using linear process modeling in PROCESS. Results indicated that exhaustion symptoms of burnout both mediate and moderate the pathway through which trauma load leads to STS symptoms. Results also revealed that although they commonly co-occur, STS and PTSD were unique and separate constructs. In addition to contributing to the field’s theoretical understanding of the effects of chronic stress and trauma in low-resource settings, this research has clinical and policy implications for strengthening health workforces in under-resourced settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
  PubDate: Mon, 10 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Single-factor interventions to promote resilience in tertiary education
students: A systematic review.
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  Abstract: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate practices that improve psychological resilience in tertiary education students. The current systematic review uses poly-strengths theory (Hamby et al., 2018) to compare stress management research from multiple psychological disciplines to determine the factors that improve mental health outcomes and improve resilience among tertiary education students. The results found that paying attention to the present moment had the largest reported effect size for reducing anxiety symptoms and that engaging in personally meaningful and enjoyable activities led to large reductions in negative affect. Positive relations with others, exercise, humor, and acceptance of difficult circumstances were also effective for relieving negative symptoms. It was also found that 15 of the reviewed studies reported only one mental health outcome measure. The majority of reviewed intervention studies did not include measures of positive functioning, making it difficult to determine which intervention types have the largest effects on promoting positive mental health. It is recommended that future intervention studies contain a larger range of mental health outcome measures to better inform preventative mental health practices. The study concludes that of the reviewed interventions, engaging in enjoyable and personally meaningful activities, focusing attention on the present moment, exercise, positive social interactions, humor, and acceptance in difficult circumstances have the largest effects on improving resilience in tertiary education students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
  PubDate: Mon, 10 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Less detachment but more cognitive flexibility' A diary study on
outcomes of cognitive demands of flexible work.
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  Abstract: Due to the increased flexibilization of work, more and more employees are required to structure their own work and coordinate it with others and thus need to handle the cognitive demands of flexible work. However, research to date has not provided clear results regarding the impact of these cognitive demands on employees. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive demands on psychological detachment and cognitive flexibility in the home domain and to uncover the specific psychological processes that underlie these associations. Specifically, we analyzed whether two types of cognitive demands of flexible work (structuring one’s work and coordinating work with others) were associated with psychological detachment and cognitive flexibility via two distinct processes that involve cognitive load and learning. Using a diary study with two daily measurement points over 10 workdays, we collected data from 54 employees of an IT company who provided 334 day-level datasets. Bayesian multilevel mediation analyses revealed that the two cognitive demands sparked distinct processes. Daily demands for structuring one’s work are linked to an enrichment process that includes daily learning and, subsequently, daily cognitive flexibility at home. In contrast, daily demands for coordinating work with others are linked to a conflict process that encompasses daily cognitive load and subsequently reduced psychological detachment at home. These findings suggest that, depending on the specific cognitive demand, cognitive demands have either beneficial or adverse effects on employees’ functioning at home and therefore lead to either an enrichment or conflict process. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
  PubDate: Mon, 10 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT
A person-centered perspective on the combined effects of global and
specific LMX components for employees.
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  Abstract: The present study examines how the different dimensions of leader–member exchange (LMX) combine within different profiles of workers (N = 634). This research also documents the relations between LMX profiles and a series of demographic characteristics (gender, age, level of education, work schedule, organizational tenure, and tenure in the current position) and outcomes (affective commitment, well-being, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and perceived health). Latent profile analyses (LPA) revealed six profiles of employees defined based on their global and specific (loyalty, affect, contribution, and professional respect) levels of LMX: Low Exchange, Moderate Exchange with Low Affect, Normative, Moderately Low Exchange with High Loyalty and Low Respect, Moderate Exchange with High Affect and Low Respect, and Moderate Exchange with Low Loyalty and High Respect. Results also showed the least desirable levels on all outcomes to be associated with the Low Exchange profile, with most comparisons being statistically significant. In addition, the proportion of females was higher in the Low Exchange profile than in the Moderate Exchange with High Affect and Low Respect profile, while age and organizational tenure were unrelated to the likelihood of membership in any of the profiles. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
  PubDate: Thu, 06 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT
A daily diary study on technology-assisted supplemental work, unfinished
tasks, and sleep: The role of problem-solving pondering.
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  Abstract: Engaging in work-related activities after hours is increasingly common among knowledge workers due to modern information and communication technologies. The potential downsides of technology-assisted supplemental work (TASW) are well-researched. In contrast, the question how TASW can support employees in meeting their work demands has not received sufficient attention. Building on conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989), we proposed that TASW is related to fewer unfinished tasks at the end of the day (i.e., before going to bed). We further hypothesized that fewer unfinished tasks, in turn, will be associated with better sleep quality and quantity. In addition, we expected that high (vs. low) levels of problem-solving pondering strengthen the negative relationship between TASW and unfinished tasks. We tested these hypotheses using a daily diary study (N = 100 employees). Participants answered two surveys per day (1 before going to bed and 1 after waking up) throughout one workweek. Results of multilevel analyses showed that daily TASW was negatively related to daily unfinished tasks, but only when daily problem-solving pondering was high. Daily TASW, but not daily unfinished tasks, was negatively associated with daily sleep quantity. We discuss practical implications and future research avenues regarding the relationship between TASW and sleep. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
  PubDate: Thu, 06 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Explaining the relationship between age dissimilarity and emotional
exhaustion: The roles of social exclusion and cognitive dissimilarity.
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  Abstract: Due to the increase of the retirement age and better healthcare systems, it has become common for employees to work with young and old coworkers. However, age differences can cause misunderstandings, conflicts, and discrimination in the workplace. To improve the management of age differences, it is essential to investigate age dissimilarity (i.e., an employee’s age difference relative to her or his coworkers) and its effects on employees’ well-being. Past age dissimilarity research mostly predicted dysfunctional age dissimilarity effects on employee outcomes, but it often could not confirm its predictions. Prior research also neglected to investigate age dissimilarity effects on employees’ well-being. To address these research gaps and to improve the management of age differences in the workplace, we draw on social identity theory and investigate the mediating role of social exclusion for the relationship between age dissimilarity (relative to coworkers) and employees’ emotional exhaustion. We further expect that cognitive dissimilarity (relative to coworkers) plays a moderating role to determine the direction of age dissimilarity effects. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a three-phase survey study with 462 employees. The results show that social exclusion only mediates the indirect relationship between age dissimilarity and emotional exhaustion when an employee perceives cognitive dissimilarity relative to coworkers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
  PubDate: Thu, 06 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Individual and organizational predictors of patient care: A multilevel
analysis of the English National Health Service Staff Survey.
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  Abstract: Growing evidence attests to the importance of doctors’ psychosocial working conditions in relation to the provision of good quality patient care. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms of this relationship, including the role of work-related well-being as a mediator. Even fewer have done so from a multilevel perspective with organization-level predictors or informed by a theoretical framework. Drawing on the job demands–resources (JD–R) model, we ran multilevel structural equation models to test: (a) whether individual and organization-level psychosocial predictors influence doctors’ self-reported perception of care provided; and (b) whether psychological strain and work engagement mediate these relationships. Data were drawn from a national survey of doctors (n = 14,066) and metrics from all 157 English hospital organizations. At the individual level, work overload and job control predicted quality of care, while workplace aggression and manager support did not. Indirect effects were observed for all examined psychosocial predictors and quality of care as mediated by work engagement. At the organization level, only work engagement mediated the relationships between the number of emergency admissions and the quality of organization and individual care. These findings emphasize the importance of positive manifestations of work-related well-being and the improvement of hospital working conditions. The JD–R model provides a useful framework at the individual level, although study design limitations may explain its incompatibility at the organization level. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
  PubDate: Thu, 06 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT
Emotional labor: A two-wave longitudinal person-centered approach.
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  Abstract: To date, scholars advocate adopting a person-centered approach in the study of emotional labor since it gives a more realistic representation of the use of emotional regulation strategies. More importantly, a crucial yet under-explored issue is the understanding of the stability of latent profiles of emotional labor over time. Accordingly, this research aimed to investigate the stability of these profiles, based on workers’ use of surface acting and deep acting, over 3 months. We also analyzed the role of organizational dehumanization, positive affectivity, and negative affectivity in the prediction of profile membership as well as the relationships between these profiles and several job-related outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, affective commitment, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intentions). Latent profile analyses conducted on a sample of 425 employees revealed five latent profiles of emotional labor that were stable over time. Latent profile transition analyses indicated that most of the employees remained in their initial profile. Organizational dehumanization and negative affectivity, but not positive affectivity, predicted profile membership. Finally, we corroborated that surface actors were related to the worst outcomes, while deep actors were associated with the most adaptive outcomes. As such, these findings provide further evidence to adopt a person-centered approach to the study of emotional labor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
  PubDate: Thu, 30 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT