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International Entrepreneurship Review
Number of Followers: 0  Subscription journalISSN (Online) 2658-1841 Published by Cracow University of Economics  [2 journals]
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- On the role of communication and management engagement for acquisition
success: A study of Israeli startups
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Authors: Jan Polowczyk; Ofer Zaks, Piotr Trąpczyński
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this paper is to shed light on the effects of communication and management engagement on start-up acquisition success. Research Design & Methods: The present paper adopts a behavioural perspective and uses a set of quantitative data collected from start-up companies from Israel, which were taken over by international firms, in order to explore the role of acquired firm’s management. Particular emphasis is put on communication and the managerial engagement in the post-acquisition stage. Findings: Partial empirical support for these relationships can be found. Subsequently, a number of avenues for future research are discussed. Implications & Recommendations: Specifically, it is argued that communication and management engagement mediates the influence of a number of employee-related and organisational factors on acquisition performance. Contribution & Value Added: Taking into account the significant failure rate of international acquisitions, the identification of their critical success factors is an important issue. This pertains also to the acquisition of start-ups by established firms, for which it is a strategy for enhancing their technological base. The paper also contributes to extant literature by adopting the acquired firm’s perspective.
PubDate: Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +000
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- Entrepreneurial activity in Turkey: A statistical overview for the years
of 2006-2020
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Authors: Mustafa Toycan; Burak Erkut
Abstract: Objective: The objective of the article is to understand the development of Turkish entrepreneurial activity over the last 15 years. Research Design & Methods: The research design employed in this article is a quantitative one, mainly by utilizing the data available from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Eurostat to map the structure and the development of Turkish entrepreneurial activity between 2006 and 2020. With respect to gender, age and education status of Turkish self-employed, the article also employs a chi-square test of association. Findings: The main empirical results of this article identify that whereas the overall share of self-employed among the active Turkish population dropped from 24% in 2006 to 17% in 2020, this is not only above the EU-27 average, but also largely due to a drop in the share of own account workers. The article highlights that over the duration of 15 years, the share of job creators among the active Turkish population remained stable despite all the negative events occurred in Turkey. The article also identifies a gender imbalance in terms of self-employment, and a significant difference between educational background of own account workers and job creators. Implications & Recommendations: Understanding the patterns of development of Turkish entrepreneurial economic activity in the last 15 years can serve as a point of departure for both entrepreneurship researchers and policymakers. For entrepreneurship researchers, the case not only allows for a cross-national comparison, but also delivers empirical evidence from a transition country. For policymakers, fluctuations in the number of own account workers deserve more attention whereas stability of job creators can be further analysed for understanding what makes this group particularly stable despite all the negative events that occurred over the last decade. Contribution & Value Added: The study contributes to the literature by offering a current overview of Turkish entrepreneurial activity in the last 15 years. Since the literature on Turkish entrepreneurship is primarily dominated by topics such as students’ entrepreneurial intentions, women entrepreneurship or migrant entrepreneurship, the study offers empirical evidence to see the bigger picture of Turkish entrepreneurial economic activity.
PubDate: Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +000
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- Factors affecting the choice of Incoterms: The case of companies operating
in Poland
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Authors: Agnieszka Hajdukiewicz; Bożena Pera
Abstract: Objective: The main objective of this paper is to identify and examine the main factors which affect the choice of Incoterms® rules that are used in international sales contracts by enterprises operating in Poland. Research Design & Methods: Mixed methods research was conducted to achieve this goal. The methods applied include the critical review of existing literature on Incoterms® and their use in international sales contracts and a survey carried out among export/import managers of companies operating in Poland. Findings: Results of this study proved that there are many external and internal factors to consider in the Incoterms® selection process, which can affect cost, risks, liabilities and formalities of international transactions. The main problem faced by many companies is making incorrect or decisions on Incoterms®, as traders often underestimate their potential, misuse or apply certain terms too much, choosing them without much reflection and continuing to use the same Incoterms® even if other conditions of transactions differ significantly. The fact that most of companies don’t consider domestic and foreign competition as a factor strongly affecting their decisions on Incoterms® may suggest that the use of Incoterms® as a strategic tool for building competitive advantage is often underestimated. Also, many traders seem to be mainly focused on cost of transportation but do not see the link between Incoterms® and terms of payment or other financial aspects of transaction. The results revealed also that the selection of Incoterms® is often considered as a difficult task because of the insufficient knowledge on the topic and that entrepreneurs point out the need for further training that would increase their knowledge and skills in the proper use of Incoterms®. Implications & Recommendations: The obtained results can be used both by entrepreneurs making decisions about Incoterms®, who need guidance on their correct application. They also give indications for the education sector on how to better respond to the need for expanding knowledge and skills about Incoterms®, especially with respect to Incoterms® selection and its determinants, by shaping its educational offer appropriately. Contribution & Value Added: The research provides deeper understanding and fills the gap in knowledge regarding Incoterms® and their appropriate use in international trade. It considers different factors affecting decisions on selection of Incoterms® made by companies operating in Poland.
PubDate: Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +000
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- Degree of internationalization and financial performance of gaming
businesses: A study of CD Projekt capital group
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Authors: Sławomir Szwajkosz
Abstract: Objective: This article aims to evaluate the impact of the internationalization process of firms on their financial situation. Through the research process presented in this study, I verify whether financial analysis can have its legitimate application in assessing the internationalization of a firm in the gaming industry. This verification is done on the example of the CD Projekt capital group. The process of scientific reasoning in this paper will bring closer to the fulfilment of the main research objective – to answer the question about the desirability of applying ratio analysis in the research domain of internationalization of firms. Research Design & Methods: This paper applies an indicator analysis. Over the years of development of this analysis, researchers separated, measured, and formed the four most essential elements of its financial functioning to enable their evaluation. Using the literature on the subject, calculating tools and my knowledge, I independently prepared and developed eleven indicators that constitute the foundation of the research process presented in this article. The indicators will verify the hypotheses posed through calculations and interpretation of correlation coefficients between variables. Findings: The effect of partial or complete confirmation of the hypotheses adopted in the introduction is to confirm that the company’s internationalisation in the gaming industry has a positive impact on its financial condition. The result of the study is also the conclusion that the company’s internationalisation has had a positive impact on almost every aspect of the CD Projekt capital group’s operations and its current position is directly attributable to the internationalization process. Implications & Recommendations: To simplify the analysis, topic has been reduced to the example of a company in the gaming industry. I note, however, that the indicator analysis also seems to be a tool to assess the process of internationalization within other separate industries or sectors and therefore recommends further study of the issue. Contribution & Value Added: The use of indicator analysis in the research domain of the internationalization of enterprises has been the subject of scientific studies for some time. However, the attempt to implement the issue in the specificity of the creative industry is, according to the state of the author’s knowledge, a kind of novelty. This work aimed to assess the impact of the internationalization process of a company in the gaming industry on its financial position. This goal was achieved, which confirms, following the principle of deductive reasoning, that assessing the impact of the internationalization process of the company based on indicator analysis retains economic sense.
PubDate: Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +000
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- Growing inequalities in the Covid-19 pandemic and their effect on women
entrepreneurship: A case of Vietnam
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Authors: Greeni Maheshwari; Anika Maheshwari
Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study is to provide a general overview regarding the increased inequality due to Covid-19 in various areas and this all had an integrated effect on women-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across the globe and in Vietnam. Research Design & Methods: The data is collected using various research papers and the reports accessing the inequalities across the world and in Vietnam. The methodology used is compiling the various reports to provide general overview as how Covid-19 has fuelled existing inequalities and providing overview of the situation the women-owned SMEs are facing in this challenging time of pandemic. Findings: The results from the study suggest that the inequalities in various areas have increased such as inequality between and within different countries, employment sector inequalities, gender inequalities, educational inequalities, age-related inequalities and all these has created a wider gap between the barriers faced by men and women across the globe. The women-owned SMEs has found to have the higher challenges in Vietnam as compared to men-owned SMEs. Implications & Recommendations: The current literature identified the increasing inequalities of women in various countries and particular in SMEs in Vietnam. There are several studies conducted in developed countries to determine the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs, but there is dearth of studies conducted in Vietnam, especially to study the effect of Covid-19 on the women entrepreneurs. It is important to conduct this kind of study in Vietnam on women SMEs to study the impact of Covid-19 to understand the barriers the women might have faced and how the government can provide the appropriate support to women entrepreneurs in the future which further can help in empowering the women in Vietnam and helping the economy to grow. Contribution & Value Added: This paper provides the general overview of increased inequalities in various areas and in particular women-owned SMEs in Vietnam which is not summarized in earlier studies conducted in Vietnam and hence this study aims to contribute to fill this gap in the literature and provided an avenue for the future research.
PubDate: Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +000
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- Contradictions of institutional and economic environment: Experience of
Kazakhstan
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Authors: Madina Tulegenova; Zhansaya Temerbulatova, Aifer Baimukhametova, Dinara Rakhmatullayeva
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of the study is to assess the quality of economic growth in Kazakhstan. An attempt has been made to provide an analysis of the institutional and economic environment and an econometric assessment of the real indicators of the country’s development. Research Design & Methods: To assess the degree of influence of certain indicators on economic growth, a regression analysis was carried out. For this, data were collected from 15 countries for 2000-2018. Since the sample combines temporal and spatial data, a panel data regression model was built to analyze the effect of the considered explanatory variables on GDP. To study a model with these characteristics, two different models can be used: a fixed effects (FE) model and a random effects (RE) model. Findings: Based on the historical and logical analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of economic development and the constructed regression model of panel data, it is shown that an increase in the level of indicators selected in official statistics has a small effect on economic growth, that is, there is a discrepancy between target indicators government programs and actual results. The institutional features of the Kazakhstani development model, which cause economic lag, are revealed. Implications & Recommendations: The current cyclical transition, complicated by the Covid-19 pandemic, has revealed weak links in the economies of many countries, caused by systemic contradictions accumulated over 30 years. Kazakhstan, as a country that has been building market relations only since the end of the 20th century, found itself in the grip of not only economic and political, but also institutional costs. One of the problems hindering the economic development of the nation is the contradiction between the political ambitions of the authorities and the real results of the implementation of state programs, the loss of public confidence. Contribution & Value Added: The country’s development prospects are primarily predetermined by the state’s ability to solve accumulated problems. Therefore, it is important to identify them, solve, and then predict the real parameters of the country’s development. The importance of such a methodological approach is noted by scientists from the post-Soviet countries, who study the factors that hinder the development of these countries.
PubDate: Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +000
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- Artificial intelligence in the curricula of postgraduate studies in
financial management: Survey results
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Authors: Mariusz Andrzejewski; Patryk Dunal
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this article is to determine the awareness, preferences, significance, and effectiveness of application of artificial intelligence (AI) among participants of postgraduate studies in the field of financial management. Research Design & Methods: The pilot study was conducted with the use of a survey, and the findings were analysed using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The survey group was composed of individuals working on final projects developed within the framework of postgraduate studies in finance management, carried out in collaboration with e.g. ACCA, CIMA, CFA. Findings: The obtained findings have identified a demand for the incorporation of knowledge in the field of AI in the process of education in the area of finance management. The survey results will be used to modify the content of the curricula adopted for postgraduate studies in the field of finance management. Implications & Recommendations: The only chance for experienced professionals and managers to gain knowledge about AI is to enrol in postgraduate studies. The existing postgraduate curricula are flexibly modified, which makes it possible to incorporate the knowledge about state-of-the-art IT solutions and AI on an ongoing basis. This requires, however, permanent research into the needs of the developing market. Contribution & Value Added: The progressing digitalisation in the socio-economic sphere of our life translates into huge amounts of data being transmitted, collected, and stored, and calls for a need to implement new technologies and solutions utilising techniques and algorithms based on artificial intelligence (AI). The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has increased the demand for modern IT solutions in the field of e.g. finance management.
PubDate: Wed, 01 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +000
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