JournalTOCs

International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness
Number of Followers: 0

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0973-4619 - ISSN (Online) 0976-1888
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2469 journals]

Interactive Effect of Success Factors for High-Tech Startups: Value
Propositions, Target Market and Operational Excellence
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  Abstract: Abstract Innovation-driven high-tech startups create long-term national competitiveness and socio-economic prosperity. However, a high failure rate of startups has resulted in reduced investor attraction for early-stage startups. Liability of novelty and longer time to market are additional challenges for high-tech startups. Considering such concerns, many researchers have discussed either a generic bouquet of success factors or a particular competitiveness factor specific to a context. Most of the prior research has considered such factors in isolation; however, practically, these factors influence each other, and their interactive effect ultimately influences startup success. This paper discusses the interactive effect among startup success factors for the first time. At first, this paper compiles a list of 33 success factors associated with the value proposition, market and operations. Further, the inter-relationship among these factors is illustrated in the form of two digraphs through Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM). It is concluded that ‘Building Innovation culture in the team’ and ‘Comprehensive pre-startup planning’ with ‘Growth and Size of the Market’ are the root factors among proposed factors. Considering the questionable stage of high-tech startups, especially in emerging countries such as India, the proposed factors will help startups offer appropriate value propositions and operational excellence. The findings will enable the stakeholders in embedding their startups with proper ingredients and ultimately strengthen the early-stage startup ecosystem.
  PubDate: 2022-04-04
Competing for Technology Talent: Listed Companies Versus Funded Startups
in India
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  Abstract: Abstract Information technology (IT) services industry has become a mainstay for technology talent in the last few decades. Recently, the emergence of startups in the high-tech sector has also contributed to the demand for talent in the sector. This has led to a situation, where both incumbent listed companies and venture capital-backed technology startups, compete for technology talent in the ecosystem. We probe this from the convergence in average per employee labor costs between listed IT services companies and funded entrepreneurial startups (less than 10 years old) in the sector. We work on a stylized sample of 36 companies and find that listed IT services companies have continued to remain large buyers of talent and are consistently paying higher wages than startups. Whereas the rate of growth in average salaries among technology startups is higher than listed counterparts during the study period. Such a rate of growth of average wages suggests that there is potential for startups to bridge the gap with listed companies’ salaries. The narrowing of the salary differential gap may affect the competition for talent in the ecosystem, impacting both startups and larger companies. Such competition can challenge listed companies’ profit and growth over the long term. But such a change hinges on startups ability to raise further funding to support expenses.
  PubDate: 2022-04-01
Scaling the Innovation Ecosystem for Renewable Energy: The Case of India
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  Abstract: Abstract This paper examines macro and micro-level mechanisms that facilitate scaling an industrial ecosystem. Case study methods are used to study the Indian renewable energy sector. The paper develops a framework derived from an analysis of 18 semi-structured interviews and published data, drawing on the national innovation systems literature and institutions combined with research on industrial and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Four propositions are derived from findings that highlight the role of policy innovation and strategies adopted by start-up and established organizations in shaping the development of the solar and renewable energy ecosystem in India. The paper provides insights on scaling an industrial ecosystem to help executives and policymakers in designing ecosystems for sunrise industries.
  PubDate: 2022-04-01
Formulation of Proxy Measures: Measuring Business Model for Improving
Competitiveness
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  Abstract: Abstract This paper attempts to develop proxy measures for the business model dimensions (BMDs). In the empirical studies, the primary data with the survey method are not feasible, in some cases. Because either the data required are from distance past or measuring the construct without respondents’ biases is not feasible. The process started with indicators for each business model dimensions and logically linked these indicators with the tactical decision, strategic imperatives and finally to the elements from financial statements. These linkages were developed with the help of four experts and the validity of the same was tested with more experts. Additionally, the validity of the proxy measures was assessed using correlation analysis and paired sample t test. All the validation tests confirmed the suitability of proxy measures for the four business model dimensions. The measures developed in this paper will help academician to conduct the longitudinal studies. On practice front, these measures may help managers to analyze the firm’s performance or competitiveness with reference to BMDs. The current literature is still evolving when it comes to measuring the constructs related to business model dimensions. This paper is an attempt to contribute in that direction.
  PubDate: 2022-03-07
How Conflicts Cause Technology Startups to Fail in India' An Empirical
Analysis
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  Abstract: Abstract Technology startups are exposed to multiple challenges. One of the key challenges is conflict, as it has a decisive role in the technology startup evolution. This study examines the effect of conflict on the following two counts: How do conflicts differentiate the success or failure of technology startups' How do conflicts impact the startup lifecycle comprising multiple stages of formation' The studies on conflict are few in the context of an emerging economy like India. This study explores the role of conflict by gathering primary data from 151 cofounders (101 who have experienced failure and 50 who are successful and continuing their operations) from India's six leading technology startup hubs. The presence of cofounder conflicts or Investor conflicts increases the odds of failure of technology startups. 1. The cofounder(s) should navigate and resolve the potential conflict issues related to relationships, roles, and rewards. Besides ensuring the cofounder's agreement, having an effective issue resolution mechanism is required. 2. The strategic intervention of investors coupled with the proper governance structure can lend a helping hand in minimizing conflicts. The epiphanies from cofounder(s) perspectives offered practical suggestions for conflict resolution between cofounders and investors.
  PubDate: 2022-02-23
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-022-00047-x
Financial Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: An Analysis of Urban and Rural
Regions of Norway
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  Abstract: Abstract Based on the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) perspective, this paper examines the role of finance and interrelated value-adding activities in ecosystems. The study employs a multiple-case design and interviews with 11 rural and urban innovative start-ups and stakeholders in the Norwegian market for entrepreneurial financing. The analysis disentangles the term recycling of entrepreneurial resources in ecosystems, explained here as a self-enhancing cycle of finance under certain conditions that allows enhancement of the ecosystem and members. The aim is to explain these mechanisms in business-level ecosystems, why they are important, and how they are new to entrepreneurship theories. The study argues that the robustness of ecosystems is characterised by the extent of such activities and how they affect entrepreneurial and regional growth. Bottom-up ecosystems can be spatially scattered and enable start-ups in disadvantageous localities to harvest critical resources from more advantageous places. This study provides a theoretical extension of EEs.
  PubDate: 2022-02-16
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-022-00050-2
Dynamics and Drivers of Competition in the Ghanaian Banking Industry
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  Abstract: Abstract This study examines the nature and the change in the level of competition in the various financial sub-markets in Ghana, a lower middle-income country and one of Africa’s emerging economies. We apply the recently developed Boone indicator on annual bank-level data of 22 banks from 2011 to 2020. We find the loan market to be the most competitive compared to the asset market and the fee-based services market. Over time, the nature of competition tends to change from being oligopolistic towards a more monopolistic structure. We find bank size and foreign ownership to contribute to the observed market power and the dynamics of the competition in the Ghanaian banking sector.
  PubDate: 2022-02-16
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-022-00046-y
Bangladesh's Emergence as a Ready-Made Garment Export Leader: An
Examination of the Competitive Advantages of the Garment Industry
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  Abstract: Abstract Bangladesh is the second-largest ready-made garment (RMG) manufacturer and exporter in the world. The RMG industry of Bangladesh has become one of the fastest-growing industries globally since the 1990s and is the main source of its foreign earnings for the last three decades. To gain an in-depth understanding of the Bangladeshi RMG industry’s competitive advantages, a semi-structured qualitative interview approach was employed with 14 executives currently working in the Bangladeshi RMG industry. Porter’s (1990) diamond model of national competitive advantage was adopted as the study’s conceptual framework. Interpretation of the study data revealed four key competitive advantages for the Bangladeshi RMG industry: (a) price, (b) on-time delivery, (c) quality, and (d) product advantages. This study explores the RMG industry of Bangladesh and identifies the competitive advantages from the executive’s perspective, thereby adding value and originality to the academic literature.
  PubDate: 2022-02-09
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-022-00049-9
Technology Business Incubation: A Literature Review and Gaps
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  Abstract: Abstract Technology business incubators are amongst the key stakeholders in the entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem, and provide various resources (both tangible and intangible) and services for the development of high-tech start-ups. It is thereby imperative to generate a comprehensive understanding of the various aspects of Technology Business Incubation (TBI). This study is an attempt in that direction through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of the field of TBI. We extend the study by Mian et al. (Technovation 50–51:1–12, 2016) which provides the literature review of the incubation research over the period of 1985–2014. The study was carried out during mid-2021 to identify the prominent research themes and theoretical lenses employed in the incubation research published in the top-rated peer-reviewed journals from the year 2015 till May 2021. Following the call of this special issue, we explore the role of technology business incubators in facilitating incubatee growth and competitiveness. While doing so, we have also identified the gaps in the literature, and discuss some opportunities to make a contribution to the TBI domain. We identify an important gap: practice-theory-based approach has not been employed to study TBI. Adopting a practice approach would allow us to gain a better understanding of how and why the various functions are performed in an incubator, enabling us to also explain the variation in the performance of the different incubators.
  PubDate: 2022-02-09
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-022-00048-w
A Decision-Making Framework for Entrepreneurial Venture in Emerging
Economies
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  Abstract: Abstract Entrepreneurship is major source of jobs creation, economic growth, and innovation in most of economies. It entails identification of opportunity, and a series of steps taken to commercialize the identified opportunity in profitable manner. Along the way, entrepreneur encounters many decision problems pertaining to strategy and operation, ranging from deciding on the business opportunity to go-to-market plan. Decision-making in entrepreneurial setting becomes difficult and challenging because of many unknowns requiring knowledge of contextual intelligence and changing business environment, further accentuated in emerging economies because of regulatory uncertainty and change. Right decision-making is key to profitable exit or early disengagement, resulting in reduced sunk cost. The paper proposes a framework for decision-making in entrepreneurial setting based on experimentation. We posit that entrepreneurial decision-making can be modelled in the settings of contextual bandits. In the process, we detail out aspects of decision problems, entrepreneurial ecosystem, and experiments, which impacts decision-making processes and associated cost. We develop propositions pertaining to association between decision problems, ecosystem, and entrepreneurial growth. Based on that, we draw implications for entrepreneurs and policymakers.
  PubDate: 2022-01-17
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00044-6
Decision-Making Models for Healthcare Supply Chain Disruptions: Review and
Insights for Post-pandemic Era
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  Abstract: Abstract The black swan event caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has majorly exposed the vulnerabilities of the supply chain of many of the firms. However, healthcare sector is one of the significant areas which majorly got disrupted during this pandemic event. The majority of the studies focus on the reviews on supply chain disruption modelling to analyse the risk and their effect on supply chains. This study provides a systemic literature review of various supply chain disruption models in the healthcare sector, analyses them based on different parameters identified from the literature. Some of our key findings include (1) analysis of quantitative and analytical modelling approaches used for dealing with disruption in healthcare sector; (2) managerial implications that derive potential future research avenues and insights for practitioners in the domain of healthcare supply chain disruption in post-pandemic era to improve international competitiveness and operational excellence.
  PubDate: 2022-01-17
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00045-5
Moving Crisis to Opportunities: A Corporate Perspective on the Impact of
Compassionate Empathic Behaviour on the Well-Being of Employees
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  Abstract: Abstract The recent raging pandemic has disrupted the world economy in a humongous way causing socio-psychological stressors affecting the mental well-being of employees. The fear of losing jobs due to economic shutdowns, or facing challenges of digitisation of the workplace, or fear of contaminating illness generated a feeling of despair and panic to more serious paranoia behaviour amongst the employees. The present study aims at investigating how did the leadership use prosocial empathic skills during this pandemic to manage the mental well-being of their respective employees, so that they are motivated and engaged for meaningful performance. The major themes that emerged from the structured interviews of the apex leadership were (1) compassionate empathic behaviour impacts the employee motivation and performance; (2) open, honest and timely vertical communication promotes trust and bonding; (3) support for employee autonomy impacts their well-being; (4) encouraging competence and self-efficacy in employees; (5) promoting positive and healthy relationships by displaying compassionate empathy positively impacts mental health and thereby employee performance during crisis. Right from providing unified Communication platform, to displaying empathic leadership, the apex leadership unanimously believes that people are their best assets and if managed well in the crisis can help them stem the storm successfully.
  PubDate: 2022-01-04
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00040-w
Unifying Efforts to Rebound Operational Excellence and Export
Competitiveness
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  Abstract: Abstract COVID-19 pandemic have provided us an opportunity to retrospect, our traditional practices, operations, supply chain functions and their linkages with firm competitiveness. The recovery to the new normal of operational excellence is the challenging task ahead. The critical a question in post-pandemic recovery can be—How can the firms rebound to operational excellence and achieve the benchmarks of international competitiveness with the current uncertainties in both demand and supply sides' Trigger the thinking on the challenging issue, we had invited the scholarly articles, empirical studies, reviews and perspective papers based on the theme “Rebound to Higher Levels of Operational Excellence and Export competitiveness”. This work presents the editorial summary of the special issue and suggest pathways and possible research and managerial, policy level directives towards the Operational Excellence and Export competitiveness. The study utilizes three specific inputs- (a) Academic resources, (b) Industrial Discourse and (c) International trade and Government initiatives to present the directives for further research interventions. While, this multi-perspective consideration does not represent the comprehensive systematic literature review or the empirical research, but it enables us to explore the challenges, enablers and decision-making approaches for rebounding operational excellence towards export competitiveness.
  PubDate: 2021-12-17
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00043-7
Operational Changes and Performance Outcomes: Analysis on Hotels of Five
Asia–Pacific Countries
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  Abstract: Abstract COVID-19 pandemic has affected many businesses from all around the globe and one of them is the hospitality segment. Because of COVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions on travel, many hotels from all around the globe have suffered huge losses. After the COVID-19 restrictions were relaxed, hotels started opening the door for tourists with various precautionary measures. As the hospitality segment tries to recover from the setback due to COVID-19, this study explores the steps or strategies taken by hotels from five countries (China, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, and Thailand) in the Asia–Pacific region to attract tourists and improve their operations in the post-COVID era. For this study, the strategies undertaken and the customer reviews pertaining to 100 hotels from each of these five countries were considered. A mixed-method approach is used to analyze the effectiveness of the operations undertaken by the hotels. The study concludes with implications and future directions.
  PubDate: 2021-10-20
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00041-9
Lean Thinking, Logistic and Ergonomics: Synergetic Triad to Prepare Shop
Floor Work Systems to Face Pandemic Situations
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  Abstract: Abstract Health crisis caused by COVID-19 had a significant impact on the activities and performance of companies worldwide, namely in industries. In this context, the adaptation of companies to the markets and to the new demands of consumers, readapt to strategies, processes, products, and approaches to the market, become paramount. In the case of companies, some changes in the shop floor work systems become essential, to provide competitive advantages in post-pandemic business scenarios, developing new approaches to increase the efficiency, agility and resilience of operations, always tends to account the Lean Thinking approach and its principles. Thus, the purpose of this article is to show that through Lean philosophy, Lean Logistics and ergonomic tools, one can change the manufacturing space and reduce human interaction in a post-pandemic scenario. In addition, through these three approaches associated with Industry 4.0, this article shows a project in a real case study in an automotive company, to integrate Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) among other technologies. The study of AGV integration used a simulation model designed in Simio. This project could allow to significantly reduce the ergonomic risks, energy consumption and associated CO2 emissions, and the flow of materials within the organization. The costs could be reduced by 14% in the first year of implementing AGVs and 40% in the second year after implementation. Introducing autonomous AGV will reduce the need of interaction among employees which is fundamental for healthy environments in pandemic context.
  PubDate: 2021-09-13
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00037-5
Excellence Through Downstream Innovation in Times of Pandemic: Insights
from the Auto Sector
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  Abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the industrial supply chain globally. The automotive sector in India has also suffered and are trying surviving while reviewing and reinventing business models, structures and processes, to cope with this unprecedented crisis. This study is of an Indian auto OEM major as it focused upon training its downstream partners, to counter a situation of complete lock-down due to the pandemic. The authors attempt to develop a service excellence framework, based upon their unique engagement with 100 plus auto dealers. Critical success factors are identified based on the dynamics between the success factors using the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach. Customer relationship management, service excellence and operations excellence at the dealership level were found to be the key ingredients for survival and success of both the channel partners and the OEM. Service quality benchmarking, People development and Process mapping, were found to be key enablers of excellence in times of crises, creating customer delight and efficient inventory management. Effective communication with staff and inventory management are critical to success, especially in tough times. Customer satisfaction, inventory turnover and revenue from new business are key metrics of success to be focused upon during such times. This is a possible future area for research in managing crises.
  PubDate: 2021-09-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00032-w
A Decision-Making Framework for Sustainable Supply Chain Finance in
Post-COVID Era
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  Abstract: Abstract COVID-19 has severely damaged the social values and economic values of global supply chain. This unprecedented pandemic acts as hindrance in the path of sustainable development goals that are to be achieved by 2030. This study focuses on the disruption that has taken place due to COVID outbreak and also identifies the role of sustainable finance in achieving sustainable supply chain. This study highlighted the critical factors that are important to adapt the sustainable supply chain. A case study of food industry has been performed to prioritize the critical factors with the help of MCDM techniques. Major criteria and sub-criteria that play a crucial role in sustainable supply chain finance have been listed here. This study contributes in the area of sustainable supply chain and how finance can play a major role in achieving sustainable supply chain and ultimately sustainable development goals. The findings of this study show that social values of any industry are the most crucial asset for any organization.
  PubDate: 2021-07-14
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00028-6
Framework for Promotion of Medical Tourism: A Case of India
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  Abstract: Abstract Medical tourism is quickly growing in developing countries. The healthcare players have recognized it as a potential area for economic diversification. The major factors affecting medical tourism in a country are cost, quality, language, and ease of travel. The healthcare services in India cost significantly lower than in western countries and the middle east. That is one of the reasons behind India attracting customers from these countries. The government promotes India as a premier healthcare destination and has made policies to ease travel for medical tourism purposes. Quality has been one of the important criteria for the selection of healthcare providers even for price-conscious customers. This study uses the case of the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh to investigate the reason behind the low penetration of medical tourism in the region. The study identifies factors affecting medical tourism in post-COVID times and maps them with enablers using a focus group discussion. The study further uses SERVQUAL, a multidimensional research instrument to measure service quality by capturing patient’s expectations and perceptions along five dimensions of service quality. The study contributes to the existing literature in two ways. It provides the framework for the promotion of medical tourism in a region. Second, it provides future directions for research in the area of medical tourism in the post-COVID world.
  PubDate: 2021-06-28
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00027-7
Good Governance Practices and Competitiveness in Cooperatives: An
Analytical Study of Kerala Primary Agricultural Credit Societies
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  Abstract: Abstract Cooperatives play an important role in rural development and financing. Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS)—the bottom tier of cooperative credit structure, form the largest number of Cooperative institutions in India. Bringing good governance into operating system leads to competitiveness in cooperatives. The performance of PACS depends upon how it is being governed and how the size of PACS acts as an indicator of competitive enhancement. The study examines various business activities of select PACS in India’s southern State of Kerala and provides insight into their governance practices and its relationship with competitiveness. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach with a blend of primary as well as secondary data. The research study concludes that participation, accountability, and transparency are the effective pillars of cooperative governance in the presence of diversification strategy which further leads to improved competitive performance of Kerala’s PACS. The competitive process led by good governance has been demonstrated as a key determinant for the growth and development of cooperatives. Good practices of PACS enhance the reputation and stakeholder value of the cooperatives in the long run. This further improves their productivity and enhances their capability to produce goods and services, which presents as a competitive growth. The study supports that the system of governance should not be rigid and imposed on cooperatives, rather be flexible and adaptive to each evolving situation.
  PubDate: 2021-06-18
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00020-0
Supplier Internationalization Through Upgrading in Global Supply Chain:
Evidence from the Garments Industry of Bangladesh
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  Abstract: Abstract This study attempts to investigate how garment suppliers upgrade themselves from one functional level to another within the global garment supply chain, and what enables them to enter into the international market. Adhering to the qualitative research approach, a comparative multiple case study method has been adopted for this study. Data were collected from three garment suppliers in Bangladesh through qualitative interviews with senior managers and thereafter utilized for developing three cases. In addition, data were collected from various secondary sources such as documents of the garment supplier factories, suppliers’ websites, newspapers, and scholarly articles to corroborate the primary findings; narratives were also developed based on the collected data. Through analysis of each individual firm’s case, summary findings have been derived. The study findings demonstrate that functional upgrading from cutting, making, and trimming suppliers to own brand manufacturer lays the foundation for the garment suppliers to become international brand retailers. This study also reveals that working for a long-time with different leading global garment brands, increasing production capacity gradually, enhancing design and marketing capabilities, intention to capture new market opportunities, dynamic top management and experienced managers, ability to forecast future market trends, visionary leadership, proximity to the international market(s), and political background of the owners enable suppliers to internationalize their own brands. Findings from this study would provide a lucid and useful direction to the Bangladeshi garment suppliers for their upgrading and internationalization efforts in the global market.
  PubDate: 2021-06-07
  DOI: 10.1007/s42943-021-00025-9