Authors:Rapee Udomsub Pages: 1 - 6 Abstract: Railway development of Thailand since the beginning of the construction of the country's first railway line during the reign of King Rama V until reaching the current double-track and high-speed trains. PubDate: 2021-12-23 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Apiwat Krommuang Pages: 7 - 25 Abstract: This study has an objective to examine which total quality management principles and basic quality of working life affected employee’s work performance efficiency of Thai employee and dynamics of the relationship between them. Total quality management principles could help a business organization thrive in an increasingly business competitive and stimulate the generation of continuous Organizational improvement. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this study identified total quality management that encouraged basic quality of working life and improved employee working performance. The variables of basic quality of working life were intervening latent variables in the relationship. The sample group was comprised of 391 full-time employees from a total of 32 industrial companies of which has been ISO 9000 certified. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyse results. Results showed that total quality management principles had not a direct effected on the employee’s work performance efficiency but had an indirect positive effected on the employee’s work performance efficiency through significant development of basic quality of working life. PubDate: 2021-12-23 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Jutamard Thaweepaiboonwong, Getgaew Chaichun, Jedsada Wongsansukcharoen , Sirikwan Noppakorn Pages: 26 - 41 Abstract: The objectives of this study were: 1) to assess the level of organizational climate, organizational commitment, and employees’ performance; 2) to determine the effect of organizational climate on employees’ performance; 3) to determine the effect of organizational climate on organizational commitment; and 4) to determine the effect of organizational commitment on employees’ performance. The sample size was 400 employees working in an automotive parts manufacturing company in Amata City industrial estate, Chonburi province. The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data. The data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study revealed that the level of organizational climate, organizational commitment, and employees’ performance were all at a high level. The results of structural equation modeling analysis indicated that organizational climate had no direct effect on the employees’ performance with statistical significance at the 0.05 level. The organizational climate had a significant effect on the organizational commitment of the employees, and the organizational commitment had a significant effect on the employees’ performance. Therefore, the organizational climate affected the employees’ performance through organizational commitment. The organizational climate and organizational commitment could explain 63.0% of the variance in the employees’ performance. PubDate: 2021-12-23 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Poramet Eamurai Eamurai , Napaporn Khantanapha Pages: 42 - 61 Abstract: The purpose of this research was to examine and apply the sources of knowledge to create open innovation of the Thai automotive industry. The literature review was able to identify 11 main sources of knowledge for this study through a group meeting with executives in the automotive industry. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and visits of factories chosen from the selected companies. Analyze the data by considering the percentage of total source of knowledge obtained from the interviews of all 5 companies. To find common factors of knowledge sources that are used in the organization. Then analyze by dividing the sources of knowledge according to the sources of knowledge that are found as a group of internal sources and external sources. The results indicated that the top four sources of knowledge used in the automotive industry were (1) in-house R&D, (2) joint with customer, which corresponds to the dimension of the new marketing with a concept of customer co-creation, (3) trial and error, and (4) best practice. PubDate: 2021-12-23 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Pornrat Sadangharn Pages: 62 - 75 Abstract: This research aimed at exploring the biography of successful person who run start-up business at the Eastern Economic Corridor, and investigating key success factors in running start-up business at the Eastern Economic Corridor. By employing the qualitative research method, biography and narrative approach, the research results revealed the biography of a key informant which was personal characteristics such as the education background aligned with the start-up business, entrepreneurship motivation, leadership, and creative thinking. These personal characteristics were one of the key success factors in running start-up business at the Eastern Economic Corridor. In addition, business context such as support from the related agencies, networking, teamwork, appropriate period of time, customer oriented, and continuous product improvement were another key success factor. PubDate: 2021-12-23 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Siripat Chodchuang , Phudsadee Klangrak Pages: 76 - 95 Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the marketing factors, and personal factors that influence making decision on lodging service at Ao Nang in Krabi Province, Thailand. The data were collected using 385 questionnaire with foreign tourists who stay around Ao Nang area. The sampling was selected using accidental sampling. The data were statistically analyzed through percentage, frequency, mean, t-test whereas one way Anova and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient were also employed. The findings show that the differences in personal factors have an effect on the decisions in regard to types of lodging, room choices, channels of making reservations and travelling individuals. On the other hands, marketing factors, products/services and service processes are correlated with decisions on choices of daily lodging expenses. In addition, marketing promotions are relevant to the decisions on selecting the lodgings in all aspects whereas the physical aspect is correlated with the selection on duration of stay at a statistical significant level of 0.05. PubDate: 2021-12-23 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Jugkrit Mahoran Pages: 96 - 107 Abstract: This research aims to study factors effecting return on equity listed companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The samples used in the research were listed companies on the Stock Exchange of Thailand. The sampling group use listed companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET 50) totally 43 firm. The collection data from annual report (56-1) and (56-2) retrospect 5 years. The equipment includes the basic statistics mean and standard deviation. Correlation coefficient analysis and relationship testing by using linear regression analysis to test the hypothesis. The results showed that the price to earnings ratio, price to book value, dividend yield, and return on assets significantly with return on equity. In contrast, size no significantly with return on equity. PubDate: 2021-12-23 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Thanapin Attarit Pages: 108 - 127 Abstract: This research aims to study the impact of economic and performance factor on the stock price of the service industrial companies in transportation and logistics sectors in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. Which are secondary data collected monthly, divided into 2 groups which are economic factors used between January 2013 and December 2019, a total of 84 months and a performance factor of 16 companies in the in transportation and logistics sectors used between January 2015 and December 2019, totaling 60 months, including data from SETSMART database, Bank of Thailand and Trade Policy and Strategy Office. Using multiple regression analysis by the Enter method.The results showed that economic factors, such as money supply in the economy and Consumer Price Index have a positive impact on the stock price. The exchange rate for Thai baht per US dollar have a negative impact on the stock price. While the performance factors, such as the market price to book value per share, the book value per share have a positive impact on the stock prices of the service industrial companies in transportation and logistics sectors in the Stock Exchange of Thailand with statistical significance at the level of 0.05. PubDate: 2021-12-24 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Teeris Thepchalerm, Phutawan Ho Pages: 128 - 142 Abstract: Mission and vision statements provide some information about an organization. They inform the stakeholders of an organization about the characteristics and objectives of the organization. This paper aims to study both vision and mission statements of the airlines in Thailand. The mission and vision statements of 12 out of 17 Thai nationality scheduled airlines were analyzed with the content analysis technique. The validity was tested with Cohen-Kappa’s coefficient, and the inter-rater agreement is acceptable (0.75). The result shows that the airlines in Thailand mainly focus on self-concept, employee, product and service. PubDate: 2021-12-24 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Patcharawan Ubonloet Pages: 143 - 163 Abstract: The Economic Planning Unit of Malaysia or the EPU and the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board of Thailand or the NESDB play a major role in setting the direction of the country’s development through national development plans; namely the Malaysia Plan and the National Economic and Social Development Plan. The objectives of this study were to study the rationale for the development outcomes of Malaysia that were better than Thailand in many areas, especially after the 1997 financial crisis. The outcomes of Malaysia being better than for Thailand concerned the fact that the EPU performed its plan implementation through established planning and implementation coordination machineries that connected the Malaysia Plan and development projects that were supported by government development expenditure-led strategy. Regarding the contribution of organization theory to development plan implementation and effectiveness evaluation, the three-level capacity, namely institutional, organizational and individual capacity, can be developed as a model to investigate the planning agency capacity in order to systematically evaluate implementation effectiveness according to the performance-based approach. Building a performance delivery unit__PEMANDU—as an organization redesign strategy can close the planning, budgeting, and implementation gap. PubDate: 2021-12-24 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Punyapon Tepprasit, Patcharasita Sakulwongsirichok, Natsapan Paopan Pages: 164 - 180 Abstract: This research aimed to study the decision-making path analysis and factors influence the users’ repurchase of Thai massage. The research conducted a study to gathered data from 2,500 users who have an experience more than 1 years and 2,500 users who have an experience less than 1 year from 5 provinces in the tourism area that consisted of Bangkok, Chon Buri, Phuket, Chiang Mai, and Udon Thani, by studied the experiences of customers using Thai massage and repurchase trends. In this regard, researchers analyzed the influence of the customer experience variables in each dimension on repurchase trends by multiple regression analysis. The result indicated that customer experience influenced repurchase trends. The most influential factor was the product or service experience, followed by the peace-of-mind, outcome focus, and moment-of-truth. The analysis of the decision-making Path indicated that the first factor was the product or service experience. The next issue was the outcome focus and moment-of-truth. Which requires a high level of experience to be able to use the service again PubDate: 2021-12-24 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Teerapan Ungphakorn Pages: 181 - 196 Abstract: This study investigates effect of earnings, cash flows and dividend yield on returns of stocks in service industry using quarterly data between 2015-2019 and estimates relationship using Pooled OLS, Fixed Effect and Random Effect regressions, considering both symmetric and asymmetric relationships. Results reveal that, on average, returns of stocks in service industry was -0.57% per quarter, earnings-to-price ratio was -0.0007, cash flows-to-price ratio was 0.0186 and dividend yield was 1.93%. Results on both symmetric and asymmetric relationships show that dividend yield is statistically negatively affect stock returns. In addition, size, which is a controlled variable, is positively affect stock returns. When business sector is taking into account, dividend yield is still only a factor that impact stock returns for all business sectors except for professional services sector. Also, cash flows-to-price ratio negatively affects stock returns for media and publishing sector. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Chinnaphat Ingkapradit, Sirichai Deelers Pages: 197 - 217 Abstract: An objective of this research is to study big data applications, results and success factors from manufacturers that being developed to smart factory in Thailand. This is qualitative research with case study research method. The key informants are 4-manufacturers that applied big data. The finding reveals 7 categories of big data application such as process monitoring, parameter optimization, quality improvement, predictive maintenance, material tracking, energy management and employee tracking. Big data results in improvement of performance matric in 3-categories: cost such as overall equipment efficiency, loss reduction and energy efficiency, quality such as defect rate and customer complaint and time for on-time delivery rate. Success factors of big data are organization-oriented factor, system-oriented factor, resource-oriented factor and data-oriented factor which big data development is focused on bottleneck processes that required to improve their performance. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Thanatchon Jangkhum , Sasithon Torsakun Pages: 218 - 236 Abstract: This study aims to (1) Buying behaviour of financial products among farmers. (2) Factors Affecting to Buying Decision of Financial Products of Farmers' Consumer Groups Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives, Don Chedi Branch, Suphanburi Province. The Sample is Farmers of Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives, Don Chedi Branch, Suphanburi Province. The instrument used was a questionnaire consisting of 400 people by accidental sampling. The average of Item-Objective Congruence Index (IOC) was 0.79 and the Reliability index was 0.83. The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation and Stepwise Multiple Regression statistics. The findings disclosed as follows: (1) The consumer purchasing behavior of financial products was stimulated to perceive the need from marketing promotion factors, performing a search based on past shopping experiences and use credibility is an alternative evaluation criterion. (2) Factors Affecting to Buying Decision of Financial Products of Farmers' Consumer Groups are: Need recognition, Information search to pre buying decision, Evaluation of alternatives, Post-purchase behaviour and Loyalty with the significance level .05. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Chaowarit Juthaisong Juthaisong , Nipa Niruttikul Pages: 237 - 254 Abstract: The purpose of this quantitative study are to study the factors that influence the competitive advantage of automobile parts manufacturers in the Eastern Economic Corridor and to check goodness of fit of the structural equation model of the competitive advantage of the automotive parts manufacturing industry in the eastern economic corridor. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was created from relevant theories and researches, including 4 variables namely, Competitive Advantage, Innovation, Transformation Leadership and Learning Organization. Data was collected from 280 managers in the automobile manufacturing industry of the Eastern Economic Corridor and subjected for analysis through SEM. It was revealed that the model fit confirms as appropriate (Chi-square (χ2) = 70.110, df = 55, p-value = .082, CMIN/DF (χ2⁄df) = 1.275, GFI = .966, AGFI = .934, CFI = .992, NFI = .967 and RMSEA = .031). It showed that the model is valid and reliable to the automobile parts manufacturer’s competitive advantage of the Eastern Economic Corridor. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Wanwisa Phetburi , Siripat ChodChuang Pages: 255 - 269 Abstract: In the current market situation, shopping centers have enhanced their experience of providing services to consumers as a third-place. Which is the place that serve as an alternative to home and work. Because the shopping center has an environment and service, both shops and facilities that meet the needs of consumers fully. This research was aims to (1) study the physical environment affecting the third-place concept and (2) to confirm that the third-place affecting the intention to visit the Central Festival Hadyai shopping center. The sample group is 400 consumers who visit the Central Festival Hat Yai shopping center. Which this research is quantitative research. The method of data collection is questionnaires by using convenient sampling methods from 400 sets of samples. The statistics data analyses were the percentage, mean, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the physical environment in its location ( =0.338) and the tenant shop ( =0.456) affect towards on the third-place with statistical significance at 0.05. While the third-place also affecting the intention to visit the shopping center with statistical significance at 0.05. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Khomkrit Ratchasuk, Sawat Wanarat Pages: 270 - 285 Abstract: The objectives of this research are to study the level of value and impact of courier delivery characteristics on purchase intention and brand trust. The samples of 400 people. The statistic for data analysis was Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, and the Structural Equation Model. The result showed that most of samples were bachelor's degree education or higher, and had income under 50,000 THB/month. Level from factor of value of courier delivery characteristics, economically accessible price, trustful relation with courier, operation flexibility and implement of drop-pick up box were high and order visibility is very high. Level of purchase intention and brand trust were high. Structural equation modeling analysis that the model fit into the empirical data (X2/df = 1.750, GFI = 0.961, AGFI = 0.942, NFI = 0.947, RFI = 0.932, IFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.970, CFI = 0.976, RMSEA = 0.430) and found that of value of courier delivery characteristics had positive impact on purchase intention PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Piyachat Puangniyom, Therdchai Choibamroong Pages: 286 - 304 Abstract: Spa industry is part of wellness tourism. Thailand is seen as a spa destination among tourists. It can be seen from the growing value of the Thai spa industry. This research was aimed at examining direct and indirect effects of the causal relationships between spa experience management, spa service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty in the context of day spas established in Bangkok. Quantitative method research was adopted. Questionnaire was developed to serve as a research instrument to collect the required data from 400 Thai respondents who had received spa services from day spas in Bangkok. Purposive sampling was a technique of questionnaire distribution. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling were used to analyze the data and information. The results revealed that spa experience management had direct effects on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Meanwhile, spa service quality exerted direct effects on customer satisfaction but not directly influencing customer loyalty. Besides, it was found that customer satisfaction played a mediating role in the relationships between spa experience management and customer loyalty and between spa service quality and customer loyalty. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Phatthanaphong Phengchan, Teerat Ratrawetakorn , Pranom Thangpreecharparnich Pages: 305 - 322 Abstract: This research of purpose was to study the factors influencing of the variable innovation performance of Thai automotive industry. The study used quantitative research by questionnaires for data collection. The data 320 companies were manager, supervisors and engineers in the Thai automotive industry. According to the analysis, it was found that supply chain management has influence on innovation performance (coef.=0.717). The results showed that market pressure through collaboration networks and supply chain management will result indirect influence in higher values on innovation performance. According to the Goodness of Fit Measure of causal model of factors influencing innovation performance of Thai automotive industry, it was found the model fit at Chi-square( x2) =42.978, df =44, p =.515, CMIN/DF( x2/df) =.977, GFI=.982, CFI=1.000, AGFI=.968, NFI=.980 and RMSEA=.000 The final model can explain innovation performance with 74 percent (R2 = 0.74). PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Teerachai Arunruangsirilert, Totsaporn Lertpichate , Veerasan Khemmanee Pages: 323 - 338 Abstract: An auditor’s report is the significant work of an auditor which is a tool to communicate to users of financial statements and provides assurance of the information. However, changed format of a new auditor’s report which has more detail may require more work for the auditor so that it may result increasing of audit fees. This study thus aims explore effect of a changed auditor’s report in the first year following the Thai Standards on Auditing No.700 (Revised) on audit fees. This study uses multiple regression analysis to observe data of firms in SET 100 of the Stock Exchange of Thailand from 2014 to 2016 totally 246 samples. Results show that the new auditor's report for the first year does not affect audit fees, while size, complexity of business, and loss operating results positively affect audit fees. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Siriwut Rungruang, Issara Suwanragsa Pages: 339 - 358 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of perceived organizational support (i.e. organization climate, peer support, and supervisor support) and proactive personality on employee engagement. It is hypothesized that the influence of perceived organizational support and proactive personality on employee engagement is not direct. However, it is mediated by self-efficacy. Using a quantitative analysis method, data were collected with questionnaires distributed to 401 university lecturers from both public and private universities in Thailand. The results revealed that perceived organizational support and proactive personality influenced employee engagement. However, the mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationships between perceived organizational support and proactive personality and employee engagement was not significant. The research has implications for lecturer recruitment. Particular behaviors in regard to both groups and supervisors, such as having a proactive personality, focusing on sharing, discussing related problems, and caring about others’ well-being and value, were found to enhance employee engagement. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:chutira rabob, Kantigamaht Rattanaparinyanukool, Banjertsak Sanhapuckdee, Patchara Phochanikorn, Pornvisa Tharakhum , Apinya Kraisamrong , Jariya Supruang Pages: 359 - 377 Abstract: The objectives of this research article are to analyze logistics management and online distribution snakeskin gourami’s of local enterprises in Samut Prakan province and performance improvement guideline in logistics and distribution. The sample group consisted of 90 from farmers/processors, middleman, transporters and general entrepreneur. The instruments used in the study were interview, focus group and seminar/workshop. The data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean. The results of this research founded that most entrepreneur sales snakeskin gourami’s products via offline more than online 70/ 30 ratio. Transportation in Bangkok area have lower average shipping cost than upcountry which the seller earns from the different incurred. Performance improvement guidelines in snakeskin gourami logistics and distribution including the development of online selling knowledge must be done continuously, the modern entrepreneur involved, the delivery time has an impact snakeskin gourami fish quality, standard packaging design to reduce transportation cost and consumer perceive the value and benefit. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Pannarai Saengwichian, Nuntawut Kruta, Morakhot Kamphaengphet, Wawmayura Chamsuk Pages: 378 - 392 Abstract: The objectives were to study the Guanxi’s networking of Thai entrepreneurs and to study the Guanxi’s networking factors influencing success of Thai-Chinese entrepreneurs’ businesses. The population of this study is the successful New-Era Thai-Chinese entrepreneurs in Thailand by using random sampling of 150 sample with questionnaires technics. Analyzing by using descriptive statistics and Structure Equation Model: SEM or the analysis of relationship structures among variable causing factors. The study was found that different backgrounds were positively indifference, experiencing backgrounds of accessing to resources were positively influencing factors, different aging backgrounds were positively influencing factors to the success of business with the meaning by statistic of 0.05.The outcomes of analyzing the Structure Equation Model and the Guanxi’s networking has positive influence both directly and indirectly to the success of business through the access of resources. This explained the success of business as 26 percent (R2 =0.26). PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Marissa Intharakoed, Jantana Sansook , Taninrat Rattanapongpinyo Pages: 393 - 408 Abstract: This article is quantitative research which study in The Stock Market Exchange of Thailand. The objectives are 1) To study the influence of cultural initiative to strategic talent management in organization 2) To study transformational leadership, affect strategic talent management in listed companies 3) To study the impact of strategic talent management on listed companies’ performance 4) To study operational efficiency affect organizational performance. For data collection, 287 listed companies were collected by questionnaires. The respondents were human resource or related managers and senior managers who participating in organizational policy design in companies. The hypothesis testing shows that 1) the cultural initiative influences positively to strategic talent management. 2) the transformational leadership positively affects strategic talent management. 3) the strategic talent management has significant direct effect on organizational performance. 4) the strategic talent management influences positively on operational efficiency. 5) the operational efficiency has direct effect on organizational performance 6) the strategic talent management has significantly indirect effect on organizational performance through the operational efficiency as mediator. The structural equation model of causal factor corresponds to the empirical data. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Vikanda Maifaey Pages: 409 - 423 Abstract: This academic article aims to provide Thai entrepreneurs to see business opportunities while the world is entering the super-aged society. The economic burden of development has become an important opportunity for entrepreneurs.The economic value of the aging market is likely to increase continuously, so the transition to the super aged-society represents a new and large market opportunity for entrepreneurs in Thailand who are looking for a starting channel or develop their own business by studying and deepening the actual behavior and needs of the elderly in each age group, both the elderly group in Thailand and abroad. It supports the decision-making in choosing a business that will create economic value and can grow continuously. The business related to the elderly group can be a form of producing products and services for the elderly or businesses that produce goods or services for businesses related to the elderly. This depends on the market in which the entrepreneur is interested, confident and able to meet the truly needs of this market. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
Authors:Passarin - Phalitnonkiat, Alisara Wongsuttilert, Siwaporn Kunnapapdeelert Pages: 424 - 428 Abstract: Currently, Thai government is supporting Thailand to be an international medical hub. Thailand healthcare services are expanding to the CLMV nations, China, Russia and Africa. Subsequently, the numbers of foreign patients that come to Thailand for treatment will trend to be increased. Healthcare becomes one of the fast-growing sectors in Thailand. Thailand is recognized as the highest level of preparedness to cope with epidemics in Asia, based on the Global Health Security (GHS) Index 2019. Thailand has received 92.58 for the infrastructures, 96.22 for the cost, 89.91 for government readiness, 67.51 for medicine availability, and 17.37 for the professional competence. These enhance Thailand healthcare services system to be developed for facing more intense competition both domestically and internationally. It is interesting to understand Thailand healthcare services situation for enhancing Thailand’s competitiveness and potential to be a center of the regional economy in the future. This article emphasizes on the trends of healthcare services systems in Thailand. Encouragement for Thai people to increase their longevity is described in the first section. Data warehousing for healthcare is then explained. Later, technology for healthcare industry transformation is mentioned as the third issues. The leveraging business intelligence for healthcare management is then proposed. Lastly, trend of wellness tourism in Thailand is discussed in the last section. PubDate: 2021-12-25 Issue No:Vol. 13, No. 2 (2021)
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