JournalTOCs

International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.445

Citation Impact (citeScore): 1
Number of Followers: 5

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1756-6266 - ISSN (Online) 1756-6274
Published by Emerald

[360 journals]

Women entrepreneurs’ opportunity identification of digital platform
start-ups: emerging evidence from South Africa
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  Authors: Ethné M. Swartz , Caren Brenda Scheepers , Tracey Toefy
  Abstract: Cognitive drivers of opportunity identification and development are important in entrepreneurship. This study examines antecedents of opportunity development among women founders of digital platform start-ups, defined as technology-mediated sites that facilitate user interactions, processing of transactions or other innovative practices. The opportunity identification and development literature framed our exploration of drivers into digital entrepreneurship among women in a middle-income economy, an area under-represented in prior research. This research uses in-depth interview data with women founders of five digital platform start-ups in South Africa. The authors supplemented primary interviews with secondary data from a global big data site to provide context for how investors are funding women-owned start-ups in the country. Entrepreneurs’ heightened alertness to opportunity developed from a confluence of factors such as personal values, impatience at the slow pace of change in post-Apartheid South Africa, corporate ennui and building for-profit business models driven by social purpose. Respondents had multiple identities, including gender, culture and generation that influenced their development as entrepreneurs and their adoption of digital platform strategy for start-up ventures. Multiple factors influence women entrepreneurs during the opportunity identification and development process as they enact the creation of digital platform start-ups. The authors recommend additional research linking opportunity identification and development to gender in emerging markets. South Africa is witnessing the emergence of women-owned digital platform start-ups that attract risk capital investment. These entrepreneurs are university educated and use prior corporate experience to create growth-oriented companies that government should support. The study contributes to opportunity identification theory building based on context, specifically how the concepts and strategies can inform new models that include women entrepreneurs.
  Citation: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
  PubDate: 2022-03-18
  DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-06-2021-0096
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2022)
Women's rural businesses: for economic viability or gender equality'
– a database study from the Swedish context
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  Authors: Malin Tillmar , Birgitta Sköld , Helene Ahl , Karin Berglund , Katarina Pettersson
  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss to what extent and why women's entrepreneurship contributes to rural economic viability and gender equality in an advanced welfare state. The authors use detailed register data to explore men's and women's rural businesses in the most common industries for rural women entrepreneurs in the Swedish welfare state. Based on a literature review, the authors develop hypotheses and analyse how family, business and industry factors influence earnings. Women's rural entrepreneurship is important for rural viability, as women's businesses provide a wide range of services necessary for life in rural areas. Although women's rural businesses are not significantly smaller than those of men, women's income is lower and more sensitive to business and industry variables. Marriage has positive effects for the earnings of men but negative effects for the earnings of women. The authors argue that the results are contingent on the gendering of entrepreneurship and industries, as well as on the local rural gender contracts. For these reasons, the importance of women entrepreneurs for rural viability is not reflected in their own incomes. Hence, women's rural entrepreneurship does not result in (economic) gender equality. Entrepreneurship scholars rarely explore women's rural entrepreneurship, and particularly not in the Global North or Western welfare states. Therefore, this empirical study from Sweden provides novel information on how the gender order on the business, industry and family levels influences the income of men and women entrepreneurs differently.
  Citation: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
  PubDate: 2022-01-24
  DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-06-2021-0091
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2022)
Female entrepreneurship in emerging and developing countries: a systematic
literature review
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  Authors: Victor Silva Corrêa , Fernanda Regina da Silva Brito , Rosileine Mendonça de Lima , Maciel M. Queiroz
  Abstract: Despite the increase in female entrepreneurship literature, very few studies exist that systematize the extant literature, especially in emerging and developing countries. This article fills part of this gap; it maps, categorizes and groups the objectives, theoretical approaches and research methods on female entrepreneurship conducted in one or more of the 155 emerging and developing countries. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, using Scopus and Web of Science, over a 10-year timeframe (2010–2020). Out of 465 papers, 77 were selected for content analysis. Most articles focus on understanding women entrepreneurs' challenges, the factors affecting their entrepreneurial performance and encouraging entrepreneurship. Qualitative research was found to be the predominant approach, while mixed studies appeared less frequently. This paper sheds light on female entrepreneurship characteristics, including business competence, performance and entrepreneurial orientation. Further, it can help female entrepreneurs to recognize the most relevant aspects regarding performance, the essential driving factors and entrepreneurial motivations, among others. First, this paper groups the objectives and the theoretical and methodological approaches that guide female entrepreneurship research. Second, it identifies distinct gaps, grouped and explored using unpublished thematic categories. Finally, the authors propose an extensive future research agenda regarding female entrepreneurship in emerging and developing countries.
  Citation: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
  PubDate: 2021-12-27
  DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-08-2021-0142
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
Gender gaps in opportunity-driven entrepreneurship: the impact of human
and social capital
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  Authors: Hong Chen , Byung Hee Lee , Asylgul Alymkulova
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate gender gaps in opportunity-driven entrepreneurship and illuminate the underlying mechanism of why women are less likely to create ventures in order to take advantage of the opportunity than men. By drawing on human/social capital theory and expanding extant gender-related entrepreneurship literature, this study addresses how human and social capital mediates the relationship between gender and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. A sample of 115,367 individuals across 62 countries drawn from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor of 2016 was examined using multilevel logistic regression and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) mediation analysis. Findings of this study demonstrate that women’s lack of entrepreneurial relevant knowledge and skills, intrapreneurship experience as well as social networks with other entrepreneurs contribute to women’s less likelihood of engaging in opportunity-driven entrepreneurship than their male counterparts. Compared to previous research mainly investigating macro-level determinants, this study further explores the explanatory factors affecting gender gaps in opportunity-driven entrepreneurship from the individual level. The findings provide an implication for public policy and give a direction to rethinking how to promote opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, especially for that led by women.
  Citation: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
  PubDate: 2021-12-23
  DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-06-2021-0097
  Issue No: Vol. ahead-of-print , No. ahead-of-print (2021)
Crowdfunding, gender and the promise of financial democracy: a systematic
review
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  Authors: Priscilla Serwaah
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to review the literature at the intersection of crowdfunding and gender, while examining the extent to which crowdfunding has enhanced female financial inclusion and participation. A systematic literature review was conducted across 47 studies from 2011 to April 2021. Most studies suggest that the likelihood of success or failure of female-led campaigns depends on external factors associated with opportunities. The study points to a general trend where although female participation has not achieved its full potential, it is greater than in other channels, while enjoying higher chances of success for female fundraisers. The study highlights gaps in the literature and the associated opportunities for future research emerging from them. This study is the first attempt to summarise and sensitise the literature on crowdfunding and gender. The study highlights the importance of analysing the impact of context on the conceptualisation of gender in alternative finance.
  Citation: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
  PubDate: 2021-12-16
  DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-07-2021-0115
  Issue No: Vol. 14 , No. 2 (2021)
Social media's impact on the empowerment of women and youth male
entrepreneurs in Egypt
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  Authors: Rania Miniesy , Engy Elshahawy , Hadia Fakhreldin
  Abstract: This study aims to examine the impact of social media (SM) on the creation of digital entrepreneurship by female (irrespective of age) and youth male (aged 18–29 years) entrepreneurs, investigate if SM empowers those entrepreneurs and compare the empowerment characteristics between female and youth male entrepreneurs before and after starting their businesses. Self-assessment questionnaires were collected from a sample of 408 Egyptian female and youth male digital entrepreneurs from Greater Cairo, whose businesses had been operating for more than one year. The research showed the following four results: Of the surveyed entrepreneurs, 95% asserted that without SM, they would not have started their businesses. Female and youth male entrepreneurs are empowered both on personal and relational levels, and women’s empowerment is more evident in the latter. Before digital entrepreneurship, youth males have significantly higher averages than female entrepreneurs in almost all empowerment characteristics, whereas after digital entrepreneurship, female entrepreneurs have significantly higher averages in making decisions related to investment, personal education and personal health, as well as those of other household members. Female entrepreneurs are relatively more empowered than youth males after digital entrepreneurship when each group is compared with its initial status. This study’s originality stems from using a large sample of entrepreneurs, including youth males, not just females; employing a more structured, comprehensive measure of empowerment than found in the literature because it included the rarely used psychological dimension; considering more than one SM tool and comparing empowerment of females to that of youth males.
  Citation: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
  PubDate: 2021-11-11
  DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-06-2021-0085
  Issue No: Vol. 14 , No. 2 (2021)
Rural entrepreneurship and the context: navigating contextual barriers
through women's groups
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  Authors: Mohamed A. Semkunde , Tumsifu Elly , Goodluck Charles , Johan Gaddefors , Linley Chiwona-Karltun
  Abstract: This study aims to examine how women's groups help women to navigate context-related barriers to their engagement in rural entrepreneurship. The paper combines the contextualisation of entrepreneurship framework and the feminist separatist theory to describe how women's groups in patriarchal rural communities enable women to circumvent context-related barriers and actively engage in rural entrepreneurship. Based on a case study of 12 women's groups engaged in paddy farming, rice processing and marketing in rural Tanzania, this study draws on semi-structured interviews with 46 women, four focus group discussions, four in-depth key informant interviews and non-participant observation. Rural women face unique context-related challenges that hinder them from effectively participating in rural entrepreneurship. Specifically, limited access to farmlands and profitable markets, lack of business networks, limited time, poverty and insufficient financial resources constrain women's engagement in entrepreneurship. To overcome these contextual barriers, rural women have organised themselves into groups to gain access to business services, business-related training, grants and business networks. This study contributes to the existing literature on contextualising entrepreneurship by focussing on how rural contexts may constrain women's entrepreneurial engagement while showing how women respond to contextual barriers that enable them to participate in rural entrepreneurship. This study shows that women with low education can pursue rural entrepreneurship if they are supported through training and access to networks. This will support the performance of these groups of women. This study offers new insights into the role of women's groups in navigating gender-related constraints that hinder women from participating in rural entrepreneurship within the patriarchal context of low-income countries. Thus, new perceptions for the gender and rural entrepreneurship theory and the policy implications thereof are proffered.
  Citation: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
  PubDate: 2021-11-09
  DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-01-2021-0013
  Issue No: Vol. 14 , No. 2 (2021)
Informal entrepreneurship and women's empowerment – the case of street
vendors in urban Colombia
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  Authors: Javier Armando Pineda Duque , Suelen Emilia Castiblanco Moreno
  Abstract: International development organizations promote access to resources through self-employment as one of the main strategies to achieve women's empowerment. However, many self-employees are more similar to informal workers than to successful entrepreneurs affecting women's control over resources and their empowerment process. This article analyzes the relationship between informal entrepreneurship and female empowerment in the context of an emerging economy. The authors surveyed a sample of 295 female street vendors in Bogotá – Colombia. Contingency and correlational analysis is performed. Evidence is found about the expansion of women's capacity to make decisions about resource allocation and time managing because of informal entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, these decisions are not strategic nor given in a context with several options. Several structural constraints to the exercise of agency limit empowerment to an individual process dependent on circumstances instead of a collective process resulting in changes in women's social conditions. This research allows for a better understanding of the potentialities and opportunities these entrepreneurships offer to women and what strategies could be implemented to take advantage of them. Despite their characteristics, informal entrepreneurship has potentialities to improve female empowerment especially when factors beyond economic rationality, such as personal, familial and sociocultural, are considered. The authors discuss the category of informal entrepreneurship in emerging economies and evaluate the success of this type of entrepreneurship with a gender point of view by incorporating empowerment as measure.
  Citation: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
  PubDate: 2021-10-27
  DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-04-2021-0068
  Issue No: Vol. 14 , No. 2 (2021)
A structural relationship model of gender-role orientation and
entrepreneurial intention: examining the mediating effect of motivational
antecedents in Northeast India
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  Authors: Kiefe Heibormi Passah , Nagari Mohan Panda
  Abstract: The paper presents a structural model to explain the relationship between various gender-role orientations (GROs) and motivational antecedents leading to entrepreneurial intention (EI). It examines the influence of GRO in the formation of EI among educated youths of Northeast India. Using a structural equation modelling approach, the hypothesized model is tested on a sample of 642 post-graduate students from four different universities in Northeast India, a developing region with unique socio-cultural diversity. The mediating role of EI antecedents on the relationship between GRO and EI was examined after establishing the reliability and validity of the measurement model. Results from the analysis support the hypothesized structural relationship confirming the influence of GRO on EI. The study also finds that androgynous individuals have a higher EI than their masculine or feminine counterparts. The study contributes to the understanding of EI determinants from a GRO perspective, especially in the industrially backward region of an emerging economy. It adds to the existing literature by empirically proving the role of gender orientation. The results have several policy implications for educational institutions and policymakers in emerging economies. The paper re-examines the predictive value of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model from a GRO perspective and compares indirect effects of gender identity through motivational antecedents on EI. Whilst TPB predicted EI in Western and developed countries, using a more diverse sample provides strong empirical evidence in the context of a developing region.
  Citation: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
  PubDate: 2021-09-24
  DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-03-2021-0039
  Issue No: Vol. 14 , No. 2 (2021)
Empowering vulnerable microfinance women through entrepreneurship:
opportunities, challenges and the way forward
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  Authors: Nadeera Ranabahu , Farzana Aman Tanima
  Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore how vulnerabilities arising from physical impairments, age, widowhood, forced displacement due to war or natural disasters and sexual orientation affect women’s microfinance-related entrepreneurial activities and economic empowerment. This paper is a structured literature review and uses preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method. The paper also uses agency, resources and achievement dimensions of empowerment to assess the findings. This study reveals that although microfinance services promote women entrepreneurship, they also exacerbate exclusion and further discrimination. Individual-, household-, institutional- and community-level structures shape women’s agencies to access and use loans and conduct entrepreneurial activities; hence, ultimately economic empowerment. The originality of this paper arises from the conceptual model we synthesised from our review which illustrates how vulnerable women’s agency is shaped by resources and how it affects their achievements in relation to entrepreneurial activities.
  Citation: International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
  PubDate: 2021-09-07
  DOI: 10.1108/IJGE-01-2021-0020
  Issue No: Vol. 14 , No. 2 (2021)
International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship
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