JournalTOCs

Economía
Number of Followers: 14

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ISSN (Print) 1529-7470 - ISSN (Online) 1533-6239
Published by Project MUSE

[305 journals]

The Effect of Police on Crime: Evidence from the 2014 World Cup in
São Paulo
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  Abstract: Theory predicts that increased police presence leads to fewer crimes through deterrence (whereby more policing implies higher chances of being caught; see Becker, 1968) and incapacitation (whereby more policing results in more offenders behind bars, leaving fewer on the streets; see Ehrlich, 1981). While theory is rather straightforward, empirically estimating the causal effect of police on crime has proved to be challenging because of a major endogeneity issue. While police presence is expected to negatively affect crime, crime has a positive impact on police presence, as more dangerous neighborhoods are usually allocated more officers.Mainstream papers in this field address the endogeneity issue by exploiting ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-07-03T00:00:00-05:00
Free or Fair Elections' The Introduction of Electronic Voting in
Brazil
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  Abstract: In a democratic system, free and fair elections are the mechanism for guaranteeing that politicians will be responsive to citizens and less likely to pursue policies for their own self-interest (Acemoglu, Robinson, and Torvik, 2013). Democracy per se is thus not sufficient to ensure that governments will consider their citizens’ preferences (Callen and Long, 2015). Meltzer and Richard (1981), who focus on enfranchisement—that is, free elections—show that politicians will only consider the preferences of voters who participate in elections. An alternative explanation for politicians ignoring their citizens’ preferences is the presence of electoral fraud, or unfair elections, whereby politicians are not held ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-07-03T00:00:00-05:00
Accounting for Latin American Growth: A Trade and Macroeconomic
Perspective
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  Abstract: This paper explores and analyzes the determinants of Latin America’s uneven economic progress from an international trade and macroeconomic perspective that looks at historical trends and recent events (in particular the China-induced commodity cycle).1 The analysis is backed by a novel macroeconomic and trade-based growth decomposition method that breaks down a country’s growth relative to the world into three drivers: an export pull (EP), which measures the traction exerted by the country’s exports on its growth; an external leverage (EL), which captures the impact on growth of changes in the country’s real exports relative to its imports and thus in its use of external resources; and a domestic response (DR) ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-07-03T00:00:00-05:00
Implications of Brazilian Institutional Guidelines on Educational
Efficiency
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  Abstract: Basic education is provided, albeit partially, by governments around the world. This investment is funded by taxpayers and is associated with the economy’s productive capacity to generate wealth, that is, per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Because of its relevance and the limited resources available for providing public services—including not only education but also health care, law enforcement, social security, and so forth—it is important to ensure an efficient allocation of this capital.The education economics literature provides empirical evidence that an increase in financial funding for education does not necessarily imply a better performance on standardized assessments of educational attainment ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-07-03T00:00:00-05:00
The Role of the Gender Wage Gap in Overall Wage Inequality: A Quantitative
Exercise
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  Abstract: Despite some improvement over the past several decades, gender wage gaps persist in virtually all countries (Blau and Kahn, 2017; Hegewisch and Williams-Baron, 2016; Miller and Vaggins, 2018). According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), most of the member countries currently present a substantial gender wage gap.1 Furthermore, these gaps are becoming increasingly difficult to explain (Blau and Kahn, 2017; Brynin, 2017). Goldin (2014) states that the explained portion of the gender wage gap decreased over time as human capital investments between men and women converged. To counter the persistence of the gender wage gap, several direct approaches have been proposed or implemented ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-07-03T00:00:00-05:00
Two Become One: Improving the Targeting of Conditional Cash Transfers with
a Predictive Model of School Dropout
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  Abstract: Conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have become a favored social policy in developing nations. The use of these programs has expanded rapidly, from a few countries in the late 1990s to more than sixty by 2014 (Honorati, Gentilini, and Yemtsov, 2015). Although the stated objectives of CCTs vary, these schemes generally seek to reduce the incidence and depth of poverty (Handa and Davis, 2006) and provide a minimum consumption floor to poor households (Fiszbein and Schady, 2009). Targeting is a crucial element in the design of CCTs. These programs have tended to allocate their benefits primarily or “rather narrowly” to the poor (Fiszbein and Schady, 2009, p. 7). The more resources that are directed toward this key ... Read More
  PubDate: 2021-07-03T00:00:00-05:00