Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles) ISSN (Print) 8756-6222 - ISSN (Online) 1465-7341 Published by Oxford University Press[419 journals]
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Authors:Marx P. Pages: 42 - 91 Abstract: AbstractDisparities along racial and ethnic lines persist across domains. Distinguishing among the possible sources of such disparities matters. This article introduces an absolute test for identifying prejudice in the presence of statistical discrimination. In the context of police officers deciding whether to conduct vehicle searches, the key intuition of the test is that each officer’s search decisions and search outcomes generate a point on a concave “return possibility frontier,” (RPF) whose slope equals the officer’s search cost, or personal standard of evidence for conducting a search. Variation along a RPF provides information about search costs, and a discrepancy in these costs across drivers of different races constitutes prejudice. The model and test generalize and unify the existing literature, and the test can be partially extended to the setting where officers vary in the quality of their information, or discernment. Higher discernment generates an expansion of the frontier, and a version of the test remains valid for more discerning officers. Empirically, the test finds suggestive evidence of prejudice against Hispanic drivers and of varying discernment among officers of different races and ethnicities. These results are robust to (and not well explained by) officer experience. (JEL C26, K42, J15) PubDate: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab002 Issue No:Vol. 38, No. 1 (2021)
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Authors:Goelzhauser G; Kassow B, Rice D. Pages: 92 - 118 Abstract: AbstractCase complexity is central to the study of judicial politics. The dominant measures of Supreme Court case complexity use information on legal issues and provisions observed postdecision. As a result, scholars using these measures to study merits stage outcomes such as bargaining, voting, separate opinion production, and opinion content introduce posttreatment bias and exacerbate endogeneity concerns. Furthermore, existing issue measures are not valid proxies for complexity. Leveraging information on issues and provisions extracted from merits briefs, we develop a new latent measure of Supreme Court case complexity. This measure maps with the prevailing understanding of the underlying concept while mitigating inferential threats that hamper empirical evaluations. Our brief-based measurement strategy is generalizable to other contexts where it is important to generate exogenous and pretreatment indicators for use in explaining merits decisions. (JEL K00, K40) PubDate: Tue, 12 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewaa027 Issue No:Vol. 38, No. 1 (2021)
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Authors:Liu C; Zhou L. Pages: 120 - 160 Abstract: AbstractThis article empirically examines the role of radical targets for grain yields in triggering China’s Great Famine (1959–61), one of the largest man-made catastrophes in human history. Beginning in 1958, the Chinese central government assigned different targets for grain yields in most counties, based on their geographic location. All targets seemed unrealistically high. Using novel county-level data, combined with a spatial regression discontinuity strategy, we find evidence that these radical grain targets prompted excessive procurement and subsequent famine. Our estimates show that a one-standard deviation increase in grain yield targets led to an 18‰ higher death rate in 1960. This article sheds new light on the consequences of target-setting in an authoritarian regime without considering local contexts. (JEL O21, N45, P26). PubDate: Mon, 25 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab025 Issue No:Vol. 38, No. 1 (2021)
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Authors:Zamoff M; Greenwood B, Burtch G. Pages: 161 - 195 Abstract: AbstractWe present a multi-year study of the rollout of Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) to the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Our study adds to the prior body of work by clarifying some of the discord within it, particularly with respect to large urban police departments. We estimate the effect of BWC deployment on precinct volumes of citizen stops, arrests, complaints against officers, and use-of-force incidents. Results indicate that BWCs drive significant increases in stops and decreases in arrests and citizen complaints. We observe no effect on use of force. We also document heterogeneity in affected stops and complaints. Our findings speak to three potential benefits of BWCs in urban law enforcement: an increase in legitimate stops made by police; a decrease in complaints alleging officers’ abuse of authority; and a reduction in arrests (which appears beneficial, regardless of whether this results from improved behavior among police or citizens). PubDate: Mon, 25 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab026 Issue No:Vol. 38, No. 1 (2021)
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Authors:Blasco S; Moreno Galbis E, Tanguy J. Pages: 196 - 271 Abstract: AbstractThis paper evaluates if same-sex marriage (SSM) laws, approved in several European Union countries over the past decades, have contributed to favor gay-friendly opinions among people depending on their social interactions. We propose a dyadic model in which individuals learn about the social norm conveyed by a law through strong and weak ties. We show that the relative importance of these social ties in shaping individuals’ opinions depends on the alignment between the law and the local social norm. Using the 2002–2016 European Social Surveys, we test the theoretical predictions with a pseudo-panel dynamic difference-in-difference setting relying on the progressive adoption of SSM in European countries. We show that strong ties induce a lower increase in gay-friendly opinions following the adoption of SSM when the law is aligned with the local social norm. When the law clashes with this norm, strong ties induce a larger increase. (JEL J12, J18, K36, Z1). PubDate: Tue, 09 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab001 Issue No:Vol. 38, No. 1 (2021)
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Authors:Krause G; Zarit M. Pages: 272 - 306 Abstract: AbstractThis study analyzes US federal cooperative agreements (CAs) that reflect federal agencies’ willingness to invest in shared administrative governance with third-party organizations. A logic anchored in organizational economics predicts that US federal agency investments to collaborate with other non-federal organizations is positively related to an agency head’s policy-specific expertise, and that this relationship will take on greater importance when collaborating with nonprofits and private firms. These propositions are tested analyzing a novel database of 241,730 US federal CA decisions awarded by 31 federal agencies between 1988 and 2008. The statistical findings reveal support for this logic, especially for larger, more complex CAs with non-governmental organizations. The evidence also reveals that federal agencies’ CA award decisions generally have little, if any, discernible statistical association; other agency level factors such as an agency leader’s managerial skills, agency politicization, agency staff professionalism, and the loyalty of agency heads to appointing presidents (JEL H11, H57, H83, L33, & M59). PubDate: Fri, 18 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab003 Issue No:Vol. 38, No. 1 (2021)
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Pages: 307 - 308 Abstract: Dhammika Dharmapala, Richard H. McAdams, John Rappaport PubDate: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewab009 Issue No:Vol. 38, No. 1 (2021)
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Authors:Dharmapala D; McAdams R, Rappaport J. Pages: 1 - 41 Abstract: AbstractWe provide quasi-experimental evidence on the effects of law enforcement collective bargaining rights on violent incidents of misconduct. Our empirical strategy exploits a 2003 Florida Supreme Court decision (Williams) conferring collective bargaining rights on sheriffs’ deputies. Using a state administrative database of “moral character” violations over 1996–2015, we implement a difference-in-difference approach in which police departments (PDs; which were unaffected by Williams) serve as a control group for sheriffs’ offices (SOs). Our estimates imply that collective bargaining rights led to a substantial increase in violent incidents of misconduct among SOs relative to PDs. This result is robust to including only violent incidents involving officers hired before Williams, suggesting that it is due to a deterrence mechanism rather than compositional effects. In a separate event-study analysis, unionization is associated with higher levels of violent misconduct, and so appears to be a channel for the effect. (JEL K42, J50, J45). PubDate: Mon, 28 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT DOI: 10.1093/jleo/ewaa025 Issue No:Vol. 38, No. 1 (2020)
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
[419 journals]
