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Land Forces Academy Review
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 1582-6384 - ISSN (Online) 2247-840X
Published by Sciendo

[389 journals]

Emerging and Disruptive Technologies – A Bibliometric Analysis
- Abstract: In recent years, the concepts of Emerging Technologies and Disruptive Technologies have seized the attention of both scientists and public policy makers. The work aims to bring clarifications regarding the two concepts but also to identify their commonalities. To this aim, we considered that the best method for identifying common aspects is the bibliometric analysis. For this purpose, we used VOSviewer Software, a particularly useful tool, which allows making numerous correlations specific to bibliometrics. The results can be useful to those who want to deepen their knowledge about the two concepts, but also to identify connected areas.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
The Integral Role of Research and Development in Naval Forces Amidst
Emerging and Disruptive Military Technologies
- Abstract: This article presents a comprehensive strategic framework aimed at maximizing research and development (R & D) efforts within the Romanian Naval Forces. It outlines the qualitative aspects of the work, including the analysis of challenges and opportunities, the strategic objectives identified, and the partnerships established at national and NATO levels. The research method utilized involves synthesizing existing literature, analyzing defense policies, and examining case studies of multinational cooperation. The results indicate a clear roadmap for enhancing naval capabilities through collaborative R & D initiatives. The usefulness of this framework lies in its potential to address resource constraints, adapt to rapid technological evolution, and foster effective coordination and collaboration. By embracing innovation and strategic partnerships, the Romanian Naval Forces can position themselves for enhanced operational effectiveness and strategic autonomy.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Essential Approaches to the Future Soldier’s Necessity to Use the
Passive Exoskeleton
- Abstract: Ongoing technological advances have led to the facilitation of specific supply chain operations in general, and military supply chains in particular, in order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of military and other operational logistics. In this regard, the robotic exoskeleton system plays a particularly important role, along with other technologies that facilitate the successful conduct of national and multinational military operations within the armies of the North Atlantic Alliance nations. In developing the content of this material, we have taken into account the requirements for the future soldier’s behaviour and actions, which include extensive use of the passive exoskeleton to facilitate the transport of each soldier's payload of necessary supplies and weapons, as well as to increase individual mobility during offensive and/or defensive military actions. At the same time, we have highlighted the importance of qualified personnel’s use of the exoskeleton system in the carrying out of operational logistic support activities for the fulfillment of missions assigned to the combat forces.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
The Emerging and Disruptive Technologies – A Risk-Based Approach
- Abstract: The accelerating pace of technological advance and its emergent and disruptive trends related to new innovations and adopted technologies have a great impact on our society. The technological, geopolitical, environmental, economic, and disruptive trends are expected to reshape the evolution of businesses and how people interact with each other. Negative effects, threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences of a rapid adoption and implementation of any emerging technologies lead to specific risks which require organizations to rethink their strategy, governance and architecture of the business models. This paper aims to emphasize the adoption evolution and implementation effects of emerging and disruptive technologies that could lead to certain challenges in the majority of fields of activity. A bibliometric analysis was conducted in order to highlight the associated risks and consequences that could result from disruptive trends concerning the adoption and implementation over time of the emerging and disruptive technologies.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
The Role of Explosive Ordnance Disposal Divers in Eliminating the Danger
Generated by Naval Mines
- Abstract: Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) divers are that category of soldiers from the Naval Forces with tasks and missions, equipment and specific training, which ensure the removal of the danger generated by explosive devices. One of the basic missions of EOD divers is the fight against sea mines, which are the most frequently used explosive devices in naval confrontations. To win the war against mines, all specialized structures must be used, depending on the specifics of the mission, no matter if we are talking about specialized ships, aviation or EOD divers.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Harmonizing Virtual Currency Use in the EU: The Evolution and Impact of
MiCA Regulation
- Abstract: This article analyses the regulatory framework for virtual currencies in the European Union, tracing the development from several national laws to the comprehensive Markets in Crypto-assets (MiCA) regulation. At first, EU member states had different methods for regulating virtual currencies, creating a fragmented regulatory landscape that posed difficulties for market integrity, consumer protection, and cross-border transactions. This article covers the many regulatory responses before MiCA, explores the reasons for regulatory harmonization, and delves into the legislative process that resulted in the creation and proposal of MiCA. We examine how MiCA tackles the deficiencies of past regulations and its impact on standardizing virtual currency processes throughout the EU. MiCA's importance rests in its ability to provide a cohesive legal structure that harmonizes innovation with the requirements of financial stability and consumer safeguarding. This article explores how MiCA will influence member states' laws and the virtual currency market, providing insight into the future of EU financial regulation in the digital era.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Methods Regarding the Emerging Technological Phenomena of Modern Security
in Nonlinear Dynamic Systems. Application Studies and Identifications
Methods
- Abstract: The method of emergence of a technological mathematical system is the process by which complex behaviors are formed starting from extremely simple rules. This process is dynamic, with entities presenting emergence over a longer period of time (for example, the successive stages of evolution of multicellular structures from simple organisms to a human brain capable of consciousness. At the same time, emergence can occur between entities of sizes that differ by many orders of magnitude (for example, the interaction between a large number of neurons resulting in the human brain capable of rational thought, although the neurons themselves do not exhibit this ability.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Flexible Cartridge Sorting Line Using Parallel Robot
- Abstract: Nowadays the automation of some industrial processes within the military system is a necessity, as this trend is accelerated by technological advances and thus must respond to the increasingly complex contemporary challenges of global security. Sorting is an extremely important process in almost any industrial area of use and it is essential that it is done in the right way so that productivity and flexibility of operations is increased. Over time, sorting with industrial robots has become an increasingly widespread and sophisticated technology, which has led to benefits in various industrial fields and manufacturing processes. This technology involves the use of robots with articulated arms or other mechatronic devices that follow the principle of modular interchangeability and are designed to pick, handle and sort different parts in an efficient and more accurate way. The desire to maximize flexibility, adaptability to changing industry requirements coupled with increased productivity has made robot arm sorting a necessary component of today's military industrial and manufacturing processes, and this technology continues to develop, opening up new opportunities in manufacturing automation. This paper presents the principle design of a flexible manufacturing line for sorting cartridges, served by a parallel robot with two degrees of freedom in the kinematic chain structure.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Socio-Ethical and Behavioural Aspects of Exoskeleton Implementation in
Specific Military Missions
- Abstract: The article explores different socio-ethical and behavioural aspects on the implementation of exoskeleton systems, providing an overview of current debates in this rapidly developing field. It examines the benefits and risks of implementing exoskeleton systems in specific military missions by improving soldiers' physical performance and endurance, reducing the risk of injury, and increasing operational effectiveness. Alongside these positive aspects, the socio-ethical and behavioural implications of the use of these technologies are also considered, with concerns relating to morality and accountability. The research presents a literature-based assessment of the impact these technologies may have on the psychology and behaviour of military personnel, including their sense of autonomy and control. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, a careful analysis of these socio-ethical and behavioural issues will be conducted and measures will be developed to minimize the risks of integrating exoskeleton systems into military missions through deployment strategies and regulatory frameworks that maximize the benefits of exoskeleton systems while reducing the risks and negative impacts on individuals and society as a whole.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
The Use of Drones in Tactical Military Operations in the Integrated and
Cybernetic Battlefield
- Abstract: Drones have become an essential component of modern military arsenals, representing unmanned aerial vehicles capable of performing a variety of tasks, from surveillance and reconnaissance to precision strikes and assistance in military operations. This paper examines the classification and use of drones in the integrated and cybernetic battlefield, analyzing the existing types of drones and the advantages and disadvantages of their use. Various types of drones, their characteristics, capabilities, advantages, and limitations depending on the type and purpose of the operation are examined. The high flight autonomy, surveillance and reconnaissance capabilities, striking potential, precision, and reduced manufacturing and operating costs make drones a highly topical subject in military scientific research. The vulnerabilities and specific limitations of these new weapons, such as vulnerability to radar interference, adverse weather conditions, technological novelty, and doctrinal action limitations, create problems, restrict use, and decrease target effectiveness.Additionally, the paper analyzes the role and impact of Kamikaze drones in military operations in the current integrated and cybernetic battlefield, highlighting their ability to precisely target and surprise the enemy.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
The Evolution of Warfare – Biotechnological Advancements in Military
Operations
- Abstract: In the ever-evolving landscape of warfare, biotechnological advancements have emerged as a pivotal factor in shaping the modern battlefield. In today’s volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous (VUCA) environment, military operations rely on emerging and disruptive technologies to gain an edge. This article delves into the multifaceted implications of integrating biotechnology into the nowadays warfare, exploring its impact on strategy, tactics and society. From enhanced human performance through genetic modifications to the development of novel bio-inspired materials, biotechnology has revolutionized the capabilities of armed forces worldwide. However, with these advancements come ethical, legal, and societal considerations that demand careful examination. This study aims to illuminate the transformative role of biotechnology in shaping the future of warfare and its broader implications for society.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Humanity at the Crossroads. to “Uninstall” Artificial Intelligence or
to Invest More in Artificial Intelligence
- Abstract: The answer to the dilemma in the title is evident: artificial intelligence cannot be decommissioned, just as states or multinational corporations will continue to invest in artificial intelligence. This paper, far from having a technical approach due to considerations related to the competence of the authors, actually aims to highlight the now immutable character of artificial intelligence through the spectrum of the indisputable benefits it generates in the most varied fields of activity, excluding, however, the thaumaturgic character promoted by the apostles of technology. It is an analysis of democracy marked by the intervention, if not sometimes the intrusion, of artificial intelligence, but also a review of the attempts to regulate artificial intelligence precisely so as not to cancel the progress made by the democratic evolution of society, with concrete reference to human rights.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Enhancing Financial Security in the Digital Age: Mitigating Risks of
Virtual Currencies Through Regulation and Institutional Mechanisms
- Abstract: The swift rise of virtual currencies (VCs) as financial instruments has raised concerns about their ability to increase risks in the global financial system, especially given the current geopolitical instability. This article examines the connection between virtual currencies and financial security, highlighting the importance of strong economic and financial institutions and mechanisms to ensure the reliability of digital assets. We investigate through an extensive literature analysis the various risks linked to VCs, including market volatility, regulatory inconsistencies, and security vulnerabilities, which are exacerbated by geopolitical conflicts. We then examine how institutions have responded to these concerns, focusing on the proactive actions taken by international organizations and national authorities to reduce possible disruptions. The focus of our paper is the Markets in Cryptoassets (MiCA) law, an innovative legislative framework created by the European Union to standardize VC regulation among member states. We analyse the goals and main provisions of MiCA to evaluate its ability to establish an international benchmark for overseeing virtual currencies, ultimately improving investor safety and market integrity. The paper concludes by discussing the changing role of VCs in the geopolitical sphere and supports flexible and cooperative regulatory strategies to balance the advancement of digital assets with financial security needs.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Artificial Intelligence – Evolution, Challenge or Threat
- Abstract: The aim of this article is to stimulate interest among military specialists and beyond in a field that has explosively developed in recent years. It offers an overview of the benefits, risks, and potential threats of artificial intelligence (AI), currently in the focus of politicians, experts, and tech companies worldwide. Without claiming to provide answers or solutions to questions about AI's future evolution, we present a selection of information on this process and highlight some conclusions we find relevant and realistic for the field's future development. Our approach also serves as an alarm bell for the responsible and controlled management of AI's evolution to prevent uncontrollable consequences for society. Lastly, we see the introduction of comprehensive AI training programs in education and development for experts in all fields as a crucial and necessary solution to guide this process in the anticipated direction.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Security Ontology in a Virtual University
- Abstract: In this paper we propose a cybersecurity ontology model designed for universities, aiming to facilitate the management and protection of sensitive data and information within the context of the growing cybersecurity threats. The proposed ontology includes four distinct hierarchical levels: the basic level, the conceptual level, the instance level and the relationships level. At the basic level, it defines essential terms and principles of cybersecurity, including concepts like vulnerability, threat, cyber-attack, security policies and security rules. At the conceptual level, the ontology categorizes information and cybersecurity systems, embracing domains such as data protection, authentication, authorization, and auditing. At the instance level, the ontology describes specific examples of information and cybersecurity systems used in universities, such as the library management system or the accounting management system. At the relationships level, the ontology establishes links between different categories of information and cybersecurity systems, as well as between these systems and the entities that use them, such as students, professors and administrative staff. By implementing this cybersecurity ontology, universities can improve the management and protection of their sensitive data and information, as well as respond more efficiently to cybersecurity threats.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Characteristic Elements of Combat Drones in Military Actions. Unmanned
Aerial Vehicles Procured by Romanian Armed Forces
- Abstract: Developments in the war of the future have brought to the fore unmanned aircraft or drones used in national and/or multinational military actions, as particularly important means to achieve operational success. The parameters related to this modern, flexible and particularly maneuverable combat system allow the conjugation of capabilities necessary to fulfill the missions received by the operational structures during preparation and conduct of operations.The present study first provides a general approach to drone use in military actions, taking into account aspects from previous armed conflicts, as well as from the ongoing war in Ukraine. The objective of the study points to a series of important drone purchases that will be made by our country, to increase the combat potential of the Romanian joint and tactical forces, which will act on national territory and within the North Atlantic Alliance, against any aggressive forces of an unfriendly state.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Novel Materials and Additive Manufacturing in Relation to Global Security
- Abstract: Additive Manufacturing, also popularly known as “3D printing” and Novel Materials which can also be named “Advanced Materials” are part of Emerging and Disruptive Technologies because of their actual use nowadays, in the case of Additive Manufacturing and the big potential it could have on the world, in case of Novel Materials. More interestingly, both Additive Manufacturing and Novel Materials can be used together and would change many things about how we think in society, even starting from how we construct bridges and houses (AM can make both of them) to combining them and having impressive directions. In terms of Global Security, both Additive Manufacturing and Novel Materials can help on the military part.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Emerging Technologies in Conflict: The Impact of Starlink in the Russia
– Ukraine War
- Abstract: This paper examines the role of technology on military communications, focusing on the impact of the commercial Starlink system on the battlefield. Utilizing the conflict in Ukraine as a case study, it will evaluate in detail how Starlink has influenced military actions, decision support, and the coordination of military efforts, offering a unique perspective on the transformation of communications in the context of modern conflicts. Furthermore, the study will analyze the essential role played by Starlink in supporting military morale and social resilience, highlighting how access to secure and rapid satellite communications has contributed to maintaining a positive mindset and cohesion under wartime conditions. By addressing these dimensions, the paper aims to capture the critical importance of emerging technologies not only in optimizing military actions but also in strengthening civil solidarity and social cohesion in times of crisis or war.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR), A
Necessity of The Modern Diving Technology
- Abstract: The paper looks at three emerging technologies, namely virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed media (MX), and explains how they are transforming the way we interact with the digital and real worlds. Each technology is defined and the main features are highlighted for comparison. VR gives us a complete and immersive experience in the virtual world, AR adds digital elements to the real world, and MX integrates both media to create an interactive experience where virtual and real elements interact and coexist. Within the work a number of equipment or applications incorporating these emerging technologies were reviewed to highlight how they could assist divers to train under controlled conditions and simulate real diving conditions in hazardous or complex environments. The implementation of technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed media (MX) within the Diving Center of the Romanian Naval Forces would bring many advantages and significant improvements in terms of the training capacity, operational efficiency and safety of military divers. These technologies would not only modernize training and operations, but also strengthen the ability to intervene and react in critical situations.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT
Overview on Sea Drones Evolution and their Use in Modern Warfare
- Abstract: The unjustified invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation created the necessary conditions for the development and testing of technologies in the operational space of the traditional war theater. Considering that Ukraine has lost a large part of its naval forces in the first days of the conflict, there was an essential need to develop new technologies that would allow this state to defend itself. Moreover, given the innovative character of the surface and underwater technologies developed by the Ukrainians, they were able to be used for offensive actions, which surprised the naval forces of the Russian Federation repeatedly. Access to operational vehicles was made easier and more accessible with the introduction of smaller, lighter and less expensive equipment. The article proposes an analysis of the evolution of naval drones and how they were used in the most recent conflict in the Black Sea area. The main objective of the study is to identify and present the main types of underwater technologies that have enabled the development of naval drones, the analysis of how they have been used in a contemporary conflict and the recent evolution of their actions. The conclusions of the study are focused on the potential use of these technologies and how they can be used in combination with other combat technologies in armed conflicts of various types.
  PubDate: Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT

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