Authors:Michael Bamidele Fakoya, Akeem Babatunde Lawal Abstract: We examine the effect of environmental accounting on the quality of accounting disclosure of shipping firms in Nigeria. Accounting reports among shipping firms are found to be deficient over time because they lack the necessary information to enable stakeholders to make informed decisions. We administered questionnaires to the staff of registered shipping firms in Nigeria and analysed data using multiple regression. Findings show that environmental accounting influences the quality of accounting disclosure of shipping firms in Nigeria. We found a significant positive association between environmental accounting and quality of accounting disclosure of shipping firms in Nigeria. Firms need to recognise a liability in the statement of assets and liabilities once it is feasible that the economic benefit of an outflow of resources will offset present obligation. We recommended that firms need to decide by discretion which expenditure or cost should include as environmental expenses or cost. Moreover, environmental costs should be capitalised or expensed as it is considered a contentious cost item for accountants and financial analyst. Firms should consider the extent of current environmental regulations and involvement; existing legal, economic, political and scientific experiences; the complexity of the environmental problem; and existing and availability of technological experience. PubDate: 2020-04-24 Issue No:Vol. 10 (2020)
Authors:Edosa Joshua Aronmwan, Izilin Mavis Okaiwele Abstract: Lack of consensus on the multifaceted concept of tax avoidance has caused us to witness a plethora of proxies that have been developed to measure and capture tax avoidance for the purpose of empirical analysis. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature on tax avoidance as it seeks to find out the similarity or differences between tax avoidance measures, with specific emphasis on effective tax rate based measures. Conducting the ANOVA and the Games Howell multiple comparison tests on a sample of 673 unbalanced firm-year observations, the study found that there is a significant difference between the examined measures, while the Games Howell test further showed that the H & S measure differs significantly from the ETR based measures. The implication of the findings for researchers is that they are to consider their research objectives before deciding on the measure of tax avoidance to use in their study, as there are significant differences between these measures. PubDate: 2020-04-24 Issue No:Vol. 10 (2020)
Authors:Mary Kehinde Salawu, Tankiso Steven Moloi Abstract: The major assets of the 21st century organisations have moved from the company premises to the cloud where the telescopic rules of accounting could not locate them. This study addressed the inadequacies of existing Accounting Principles and Standards in estimating Artificial Intelligence (AI) assets in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Constant fusion of multiple technologies had substantially altered the nature of organizational non-current assets from tangible (physical) to intangible (non-physical). Assets considered as intangible by existing studies and accounting standards are largely goodwill, patents, trademarks, copyright, customer list etc while AI remains foreign to accounting valuation. The study employed desk-review to identify factors essential for policy review to accommodate further development in AI-accounting domain. The study found Intellectual property, increased investment AI assets, multi-functional savings, privacy infringement, ransoms and law suit among others as crucial for estimating AI assets in the 21st century. Estimating and reporting AI assets still domicile in an uninformative accounting environment. Therefore accounting practitioners, professional bodies, standard-setters, academics and researchers need to recognise and leverage its potential impacts on accounting education and organisational practices. The study concluded that AI assets should be capitalized using simple algorithm to promote the fairness of the financial reports PubDate: 2020-04-24 Issue No:Vol. 10 (2020)
Authors:Alhassan Musah, Ebenezer Andy Adjei, Ibrahim Anyass Ahmed Abstract: Financial sustainability of NGOs has become a global concern in the wake of global financial crisis which has reduced donor funds from developed economies to developing countries. NGOs play an important role in developing countries like Ghana and as such their financial sustainability is very important not only for the NGOs but the Ghanaian economy. The study examined the factors that determine financial sustainability of NGOs in Ghana based on the following variables; sound financial management practices, income diversification, own income generation, good donor relationship and the use of ERPs and Cloud Accounting by NGOs. The study sampled 56 NGO where data was collected through the administration of questionnaires. Data was analysed using various statistical tools such as frequencies, graphs, tables, Kruskal Wallis Test and regression analysis. The results of the study showed that NGOS in Ghana are donor dependent and have little diversification of income as well as less own income generation measures in place. This results show that NGOs in Ghana are not financially sustainable and as such need income generating income measures that will help them to be financially reliable. The results show that sound financial management practices, own income generation by NGOs, diversification of income and good donor relationship are the key determinants of financial sustainability of NGOs in Ghana. The use of ERP systems and cloud accounting had positive effect on NGO financial sustainability but statistically insignificant. The results call for NGOs to take steps to improve these factors in their respective organization if they want to improve their financial sustainability. PubDate: 2020-04-24 Issue No:Vol. 10 (2020)
Authors:Sejdë Tolaj, Ymer Havolli, Gent Beqiri Abstract: Stress is emerging as an increasing prob lem in organizations and companies over the recent decades. Despite the awareness on the risks associated with occupational stress, the growing number of literature on stress, so far no empirical research was done to study the prevalance of stress and associated work stressors of employees in Kosovo. Through quantitative research, this study sought to provide scientific contribution by examining the prevalance of stress and by identifying factors that cause stress among public and private sector employees. Findings revealed a relatively high prevalance of occupational stress among emplouyees, where responents with 1-20 years of work experience reporting being significantly more stressed than those with more than 20 years fo work experience. Moreover, reselts showed that stress adversely affects job performance of employees with 1-20 years of work experience as well as of female employees. stressors pertaining to demand, control, support, relationships, role and change were identified to be causing occupational stress among employees, all showing positive significant correlation with stress. Furthermore, both public and pirvate sector employees considered similar factors as stressful, even though public sector employees reported experiencing slightly higher levels of stress. PubDate: 2020-04-24 Issue No:Vol. 10 (2020)
Authors:Gideon Tayo Akinleye, Cement Olaoye, Kole Samson Fajuyagbe Abstract: The study analyzed the effect of tax and provision for depreciation on financial performance of selected quoted consumer goods captured by reserve in Nigeria (2008-2017). The study concentrated on five (5) randomly selected quoted consumer goods such as Flour Mills Nig. Plc, Dangote Cement Plc, Nestle Nig. Plc, Unilever Nig Plc, and PZ Cusson operating within Nigeria based on the availability and consistency of required data. The secondary data were sourced from the Published Annual Reports of selected quoted consumer goods, the study utilized panel least square analytical technique. The result of the findings showed that tax (TAX), provision for depreciation (PFD) and profit before tax (PBT) positively influenced the financial performance of FLRM and NEST by 31811588 and 6310438 respectively. Also, it was discovered that tax (TAX), provision for depreciation (PFD) and profit before tax (PBT) in the period under consideration hindered the financial performance of DANG, UNIL and NEST by 18482966, 16389816 and 2461191 respectively in Nigeria. The Adjusted R-squared of 0.23, 0.90 and 0.17 for pooled, fixed and random effect model showed that 23, 90 and 17 percent variation in the financial performance of the quoted consumer goods in Nigeria can be explained by tax and profit before tax of the quoted consumer goods under consideration. The study concluded that, quoted consumer goods in Nigeria increase their reserve as the tax, provision for depreciation and profit before tax increases. This implies that an increase in taxes and provision for depreciation of the quoted consumer goods brings about significant improvement in the financial performance. Therefore, since tax, provision for depreciation and profit before tax enhanced the performance of the quoted consumer goods, they should adopt policies that will increase their profit level so as to enhance and improve better financial performance through increment in reserve. PubDate: 2020-04-07 Issue No:Vol. 10 (2020)
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