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Kent Law Review
Number of Followers: 5

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Online) 2056-4376
Published by U of Kent

[4 journals]

The need for an AI Bill of Rights through the case of the metaverse
- Authors: Stefanos Kyprianou, Riya Bhattacharya Bhattacharya, Mauro Pucheta
  Abstract: The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a pivotal point in the history of technological development. The efficiency of AI algorithms in completing tasks makes them valuable for businesses and institutions which seek solutions to reduce the cost and time of processes or enhance their monetisation systems and results. However, the power of these algorithms raises concerns regarding their exploitation or employment for nefarious purposes. Considering that AI is being employed as a primary tool in technological advancements such as the virtual reality/metaverse, governing the use of AI is arguably essential to prevent the exacerbation of existing AI-related issues and protect citizens. Thus, governments and institutions are currently drafting regulatory frameworks to govern their use while also balancing their priorities. More particularly, after BREXIT, the UK places innovation and growth at the forefront of their national strategies on AI. This could undermine the protection of human rights. Hence, this essay will support the need for an AI bill of Rights that facilitates safe innovation and place human rights at the forefront. It will illustrate the need by examining potential risks and concerns that arise from the use of AI in the metaverse. Initially, an assessment will be conducted on the National AI strategy, which illustrates the UK’s pro-innovation approach for AI regulation. Then, the focus will turn to the human-centred approaches other jurisdictions support, such as the US AI bill of rights. Subsequently, the need for a UK AI bill of rights will be exemplified through the potential effects of the use of AI in the metaverse. The essay will notably examine the effects of using AI in the metaverse for monitoring and manipulating users. Eventually, the need for an AI bill of rights will be evident through the examined effects on citizens.
  PubDate: 2024-04-30
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2024)
To what extent does UK law adequately address the harms that
platform/surveillance capitalism cause to individuals and communities with
protected characteristics'
- Authors: Lily Martin, Morton Thornton, Girisha Jingree
  Abstract: Online platforms have gained astounding prevalence as a means of spreading discourse, with social media playing a significant role in both high and low-level communication. Social media platforms “allow users to opportunistically interact and selectively self-present… with both broad and narrow audiences”, suggesting that harmful communication is able to reach a multiplicity of people. This essay aims to address the potential harms caused by platform/surveillance capitalism, focussing on TikTok’s algorithmic techniques and the experiences of female TikTok users, before determining whether UK law adequately addresses these harms. The first section of this essay will explain the business model of platform/surveillance capitalism and how the algorithmic techniques used by TikTok are successful in generating user engagement. The second section will address how these techniques can facilitate the online sexual harassment of women and girls as a specific form of gendered harm. It will focus on the sexualisation of content that is not inherently sexual nor intended to be sexually suggestive by the original poster (OP). The final section of this essay will examine the regulatory responses to this form of harm within UK law, however as some responses will be beyond the scope of this essay there will be an analysis of the most relevant legislation as well as suggestions for reform. It will also address the limited regulation of algorithmic techniques used within platform/surveillance capitalism, encouraging robust sanctions for platforms that enable harmful communication.
  PubDate: 2024-04-30
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2024)
The potential refugee status of the Rohingya in Bangladesh under
International Refugee Law
- Authors: Shehnaz Malik, Morton Thornton , Girisha Jingree
  Abstract: Finding a solution to the Rohingya refugee crisis has been frequently brought to attention by the international community, humanitarian organisations and academic scholars. As they are affected by the world’s fastest growing humanitarian crisis, the Rohingya are one of the most marginalised and persecuted groups, marking one of the most significant events in contemporary world history. The framework within International Refugee Law could potentially offer protection for the Rohingya refugees, under the 1951 Geneva Convention, the main regulation to locate the assistance of refugees. The current refugee crisis will be assessed through a theoretical approach from postcolonialism to understand the complexity of the social and political roots of the persecution in Myanmar. The tensions that arise from the violence and suffering endured by the Rohingya has been relevant since the colonial period. Accordingly, this essay explores how the Rohingya refugee crisis illustrates the inadequate protection of laws under International Refugee Law, resulting in the construction of postcolonial statehood. At face value, the framework of international law should provide an appropriate solution, but the legal enforcement seems to have opposite effect. To pinpoint the source of the problem would intensify an incremental step closer to providing a long-lasting suitable solution to provide international support to the Rohingya.
  PubDate: 2024-04-30
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2024)
American graffiti protection: shy until further notice
- Authors: Soyaheb Bahaziq, Riya Bhattacharya, Girisha Jingree
  Abstract: Graffiti is public art that is painted in the streets on the exterior walls of buildings. Some murals appear suddenly in the morning, sometimes without even seeing their creator, and usually without the permission of the owner of the wall, which typically fits with the incrimination and censure of it. This is because it is a platform for those without one, and instead of paying huge amounts for commercial advertising space, it is enough to use spray colors to deliver the message. These arts appear with motives such as protest, for example. Therefore, Artists of graffiti recommend choosing a wall in a diplomatic space to paint an unprecedented message. It began in the sixties of the last century in Philadelphia and New York, before it developed and moved globally.[6] Therefore, it is considered among the latest visual arts. Nevertheless, The United States (US) authorities have considered graffiti as a pandemic harmful to society that needs to be fought. As for the media, its artists have shown that they are a subversive component of society. However, graffiti was considered by some to be a fine art, since it was seen as a symbol of gentrification, since it was illegal. This art is secretly created on the walls of properties because it is easy to do, which prompted it to be considered a distortion of the landmarks of cities and real estate.
  PubDate: 2024-04-30
  Issue No: Vol. 8, No. 1 (2024)

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