JournalTOCs

Population and Economics
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This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Online) 2658-3798
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[58 journals]

Comparing intraregional trends of demographic development in the Russian
- Abstract: Population and Economics 6(1): 109-122
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e79253
  Authors : Denis N. Mokrensky : The article compares intraregional trends in demographic development of the old-developed territories of the Russian Near North: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, and Kostroma Oblasts. The author identifies trends in the fertility, mortality, and migration in 2011—2019 basing on the statistical indicators characterizing the demographic situation in municipal entities and urban districts of the old-developed areas in these regions. A comparative analysis of the demographic dynamic in the three regions confirmed the well-known conclusions about depopulation, urbanization, and migration loss in most municipalities. Steady depopulation was observed in medium-sized and small cities, including in municipal centers, where the inflow of population from the nearest periphery is decreasing. The further away from Moscow the region is, the higher the growth rate of the urban population and the rate of decline in the rural population. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Mon, 9 May 2022 15:05:22 +0300
Do economic inequalities impact demographic dividend: Evidence from India
- Abstract: Population and Economics 6(1): 80-108
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e76490
  Authors : Muttur R. Narayana : The paper offers a new explanation and prediction of empirical relationship between income and consumption inequalities and demographic dividend. The framework for the analysis is a modified National Transfer Accounts (NTA)-based modelling of the first demographic dividend with inequality-adjusted or inequality-discounted economic support ratio (ESR). The model is tested for India by calculating the inequality-adjusted demographic dividend (or the growth rate of ESR) for the period 2005-2050. The results show that income inequality is not higher than consumption one for all ages and these age-specific economic inequalities have remarkable effects on (i) lowering the observed age-specific distribution of labour income for select ages and consumption for all ages and (ii) reducing the size and duration of demographic dividend due to lower growth rate of ESR. In addition, income inequality effects are found to be stronger than consumption inequality effects in terms of reducing the size of demographic dividend. These results imply that (a) growth effects of the first demographic dividend are upward-biased if unadjusted for the economic inequalities; (b) attainment of goals and targets of the reduction in inequalities under UN-SDGs 2030 by redistributive economic policies are contributory to the maximization of economic growth through the first demographic dividend; and (c) economic inequalities do impact the size and duration of demographic dividend. Subject to the availability of data, the modified approach to the first demographic dividend calculation in this paper is of relevance for comparative studies between India and other countries to draw lessons from mutual experiences and to establish the generality of results. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Mon, 9 May 2022 12:24:07 +0300
Methodology for Monitoring the Mobility of Circular Labour Migrants in
Moscow Region
- Abstract: Population and Economics 6(1): 1-13
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.6.e77308
  Authors : Yulia Yu. Shitova : The paper presents the original author’s methodology for monitoring commuting labour migration in a region on the example of Moscow Region. The methodology is based on regular collection of real-time information from the Yandex.Probki platform on the regional transport network state by querying and saving travel time for a fixed set of car routes (basic sample) covering the region under study. An analysis of the data collected over the past two years enabled studying the structure and dynamics of travel time losses by commuting labour migrants. The time dynamics of losses are sensitive to events such as lockdowns and holidays. The estimates obtained show a stable cyclicity of travel time losses within a day and a week, which confirms the validity of the indicator proposed by the author. The study demonstrates that the loss of time on the commute during peak hours is 2.5 times higher than the loss when driving without traffic jams. In conclusion, the paper discusses the prospects for scaling the author’s methodology to any regions in which the Yandex.Probki platform is present. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 31 Mar 2022 18:31:07 +030
Does the value of human life in Russia increase with age and higher levels
of education'
- Abstract: Population and Economics 6(1): 62-79
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e79796
  Authors : Ekaterina A. Zubova : Estimates of the value of life, reflecting society’s preferences regarding the choice between safety and money, are key indicators for state management in areas such as healthcare, transport, demographic policy, and environmental protection. This article is a logical continuation of the previous research presenting the initial estimates of the value of life in Russia based on analysis of the revealed preferences about employment in industries associated with high fatality risks. In addition to the previous results, this study provides a new theoretical model explaining the logic of choosing employment considering fatality risks and offers estimates of the value of life across educational and age groups. The empirical part of the paper is based on the RLMS HSE data for the period from 2010 to 2020; the author uses panel regression with random effects. The analysis shows that the average value of life in Russia is 287 million rubles, varying from 241 to 450 million rubles depending on levels of education achieved, and considering age value of life ranges from 329 to 349 million rubles (in those groups for which estimates are significant). Possible explanations for this variability are related to the human capital factor, which changes with age and education level. At the same time, the impact of human capital on the value of life can be both positive and negative. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 31 Mar 2022 16:20:49 +030
Fertility-Household Credit Burden Nexus at the Present Stage
- Abstract: Population and Economics 6(1): 36-61
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.6.e76066
  Authors : Ilya N. Gurov, Elena Yu. Kulikova : The article examines the relationship between fertility and household credit burden using data for 79 countries for the period from 1990 to 2019. The authors identify 9 patterns describing the mutual influence of fertility and household debt burden. The analysis of patterns shows that the presence of a significant positive impact of households’ mortgage debt burden on fertility in future periods may indicate both a direct causal relationship between the indicators and the adoption of conditional decisions on pregnancy planning prior to obtaining mortgage loans to improve housing conditions. The same is true for households’consumer credit burden, as well as for quantitative estimates of the impact of fertility growth on households’ debt burden in subsequent periods. The article shows that in developed and developing countries, the growth of the total fertility rate is positively associated with the subsequent dynamics of mortgage and consumer loans in relation to GDP. In developed countries, the growth of mortgage and consumer loans is positively associated with the subsequent fertility dynamics. In developing countries, an increase in mortgage loans is positively but insignificantly correlated with fertility in the following years, while an increase in consumer loans leads to an increase in fertility in the short term, and to its decrease in subsequent years. The results indicate that success in demographic policy aimed at increasing fertility will be accompanied by the growth of households’debt burden, and therefore in subsequent periods households will be forced to pay interest and repay the principal debt, which will reduce families’ ability to finance children’s education. In this regard, state programmes that provide free education and development of children should be conducted in parallel with the implementation of demographic policy aimed at increasing fertility. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 31 Mar 2022 15:47:26 +030
Long-term dynamics of informal employment and its relationship with the
poverty of the Russian population against the backdrop of the COVID-19
pandemic
- Abstract: Population and Economics 6(1): 14-35
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.6.e78235
  Authors : Svetlana S. Biryukova, Oksana V. Sinyavskaya, Daria E. Kareva : The study aims at assessing the prevalence of informal employment in the Russian labour market and evaluating its relationship with the risks of monetary poverty. Empirically, the study bases on the data of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS HSE) for 2000-2020. Calculations have shown that over the past 20 years, on average, about a quarter of Russian employees were included in the informal labour market for their main or secondary employment. The results of the study provide some evidence on the existence of several zones of informality in the Russian labour market, in which there are different motives for deformalization, in particular: low-skilled employment in the informal sector, employment only in the format of informal part-time / side jobs (“casual employment”) and partial departure to the informal sector while maintaining an official employment contract at the main place of work. Employment with part or all of the pay for the main job received informally — that is, without a formal contract or with declared wages below the actual wage received, in violation of current regulations — is more common among men, young people and people of early working age, and as well as citizens with education below vocational secondary. At the same time, women, people aged 30–49, and citizens with vocational secondary education predominate in the structure of informally employed, although with a slight preponderance. Regression analysis shows that there is a statistically significant relationship between involvement in the informal labour market and the risks of monetary poverty: fully informal employment in 2019 is associated with higher chances of the respondent’s household falling into poverty, and with lower chances in 2020. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 31 Mar 2022 13:34:41 +030
Relationship between vulnerability and life satisfaction in older
population in Russia
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(4): 66-92
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e73669
  Authors : Victoria V. Fokina : The article examines the relationship between various components of vulnerability and life satisfaction among older people in Russia. Empirically, the study bases on data from the first wave of the WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) for 2007–2010. The analysis showed that physical vulnerability, or frailty, is associated with a significantly lower level of life satisfaction of the older population. At the same time, there are differences in this relationship between age groups, and an increase in the physical vulnerability of individuals aged 75–89 years old reduces their subjective well-being to a greater extent in comparison with the group of individuals aged 60–74 years old. The financial situation of individuals also plays a significant role: lack of income to cover daily needs negatively affects subjective well-being. Socializing with friends is another predictor of life satisfaction in older age. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Fri, 31 Dec 2021 10:23:04 +020
Pregnancy, childbirth and health of female labour migrants from Central
Asia in Russia
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(4): 50-65
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e73815
  Authors : Dmitry V. Poletaev : The research note contains an analysis of data on health, pregnancy, and childbirth experience among female labour migrants arriving in Russia from Central Asia. Empirically, the study bases on the data of three surveys conducted in 2015, 2017, and 2020. In total, the surveys contain information on 2,028 migrants from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan living in Russia. The analysis proves that with gradual feminization of labour migration from Central Asia, pregnancy and childbirth in a significant part of labour migrants take place in risky living conditions; the existing system of maternal health protection for migrants in Russia needs modernization. Compared to earlier studies on this topic, the survey data showed a higher proportion of female migrants who had got pregnant and gave birth in Russia along with a lower proportion of migrants who terminated pregnancy. These differences may indicate a change in the reproductive behaviour of women who come to work in Russia from the countries of Central Asia. The presented note shows the need for in-depth studies of the reproductive behaviour of labour migrants in Russia, as well as the development of national migration statistics, which should become gender sensitive. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 29 Dec 2021 15:35:30 +020
Socio-demographic determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Russia in the
context of mandatory vaccination of employees
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(4): 30-49
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e77832
  Authors : Tatiana M. Maleva, Marina A. Kartseva, Sophia V. Korzhuk : The paper offers an analysis of socio-demographic factors determining uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in Russia in 2021. The study focuses in particular on the role of mandatory vaccination of workers in certain sectors of the economy. The study is empirically based on three rounds of a nationally representative telephone survey, conducted in February–October 2021, which investigated the situation and behaviour of a cross section of the Russian adult population in the context of the spread of coronavirus. The paper shows that the key factors behind vaccine uptake are age and education of the individual. People in older age groups and people with higher education are most inclined towards vaccination. By contrast, young people and people with low levels of education are least likely to be vaccinated. Other significant determinants of vaccination are experience of COVID-19 infection (self or a household member) and elderly or chronically ill members of the household. Among the employed, the economic sector where they work is an important determinant: workers in education, health care, and state and municipal administration are more likely to be vaccinated. The introduction of mandatory vaccination at a firm/organization with sanctions for unvaccinated employees has significant positive effect: the likelihood of an employee being vaccinated increases by 10 percentage points. The effect of mandatory vaccination is slightly greater for men than for women. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Mon, 27 Dec 2021 16:53:39 +020
Diagnostic and age composition of excess mortality associated with the New
Year holidays in Russia
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(4): 1-20
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e72550
  Authors : Alexander V. Nemtsov, Timur A. Fattakhov : Statistics show that in many countries of the world holidays are associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality; this is especially pronounced during the New Year and Christmas period. This article presents an estimate of the excess number of deaths in Russia during the January holidays in 2011–2019 by main classes of causes of death and by age groups. The study relies on the Rosstat dataset of 16.83 million individual non-personalized death records referring to 2011–2019. The authors of the paper estimate excess mortality for each cause and age group as the difference between actually observed mortality and the LOWESS moving average calculated for non-holiday period, extrapolated to the holidays. The calculations showed that the period of excess mortality lasted from January 1 to January 22 with a maximum on January 1. Over 22 days, excess mortality in 2011–2019 amounted to 89.0 thousand cases or 8.4% in relation to mortality on non-holidays; excess mortality on January 1 amounted to 11.4 thousand cases. In contrast to mortality from diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems, the contribution of which to excess mortality was proportional to their prevalence on non-holidays, proportion of excess mortality from external causes almost doubled (23.6% versus 12.7 % on weekdays). January 1 saw the highest excess mortality from external causes, including that of alcohol poisoning, homicide, and suicide, in all age groups; on January 2 the highest increase was observed in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system; on January 9 and 10 — from the pathologies of the respiratory and digestive systems. January holidays in Russia are associated with significant excess mortality, primarily as a result of the abuse of strong alcoholic beverages. Informing the population about the fatal consequences of such a consumption regime and a decrease in the availability of strong alcohol, the maximum sales of which falls on December, can reduce the damage during the January holidays. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 8 Dec 2021 20:09:06 +0200
Database of digital media publications on maternal (family) capital in
Russia in 2006–2019
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(4): 21-29
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e78723
  Authors : Irina E. Kalabikhina, Herman A. Klimenko, Evgeny P. Banin, Ekaterina K. Vorobyeva, Anna D. Lameeva : The database contains data from publications of digital Russian-language media registered in the Russian Federation on the topic of maternity capital published in the period from May 10, 2006 to June 30, 2019. The database includes general data on publications on maternity capital in .csv formats (UTF-8 encoding). Full texts of publications are presented in .xml format. A specialized request was generated for the aggregator of publications of Russian-language digital mass media public.ru. In total, the database consists of 457,888 publications of 7,665 publishing houses from 1,251 settlements located in 85 regions of Russia. The database includes information about the date and type of publication, publisher, place of publication (municipality), texts about maternity capital, and numbers of unique positive, negative, and neutral words and phrases according to the RuSentiLex2017 dictionary, as well as full texts of publications. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 8 Dec 2021 12:30:41 +0200
The impact of economic and demographic events in the biography of Russians
on the level of their life satisfaction
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(3): 1-23
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e72298
  Authors : Oksana V. Kuznetsova : The article examines anticipation and adaptation effects in relation to life satisfaction in case of economic (related to labour market) and demographic events in people’s lives. The author estimates how individuals feel in the vicinity of significant life events and tracks the asymmetry of results for women and men. The calculations are based on panel data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for the period 2004–2019. Using pooled regression and the difference-in-differences approach, the author tests the hypothesis that men are more sensitive to economic events while women are more sensitive to demographic ones. The results indicate that there is no consistent asymmetry of effects for men and women. On average, citizens of Russia tend to anticipate events that will happen to them in the next three years. Generally, Russians do not adapt to new conditions after economic events, however, this does not apply to individual demographic shocks. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 23:23:34 +030
Some aspects of alcohol-related mortality in Russia: Commentary on the
article by P. Kuznetsova published in issue 4 (3) / 2020 of the Population
and Economics Journal
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(3): 24-29
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e69636
  Authors : Sergei V. Jargin : The aim of this communication is to comment on certain statements and conclusions presented in the paper on alcohol-related mortality by P.O. Kuznetsova from the medical viewpoint, summarizing and updating at the same time the preceding papers. The author refers to some evidence showing positive tendencies in Russia, namely, a decline in both the heavy binge drinking and total alcohol consumption, and claims that exaggerating the alcohol consumption problem indirectly shifts the responsibility for the relatively short life expectancy onto the excessive alcohol consumption, thus camouflaging shortcomings of the healthcare and public assistance. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 16:32:08 +030
Contraceptive method mix in the context of family planning programmes in
developing countries
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(3): 56-75
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e70669
  Authors : Lilia V. Boglaeva : The paper examines the formation of the contraceptive method mix within the framework of family planning programmes in developing countries, taking into account the influence of socio-demographic, economic, and behavioural factors. The study has shown that the impact of family planning programmes on changes in the method mix is ambiguous and depends on the time of the start of the programme, the region of the country, the level of medical service development, and other factors. The paper also analyzes the correlation between the peculiarities of the method mix in a country and abolishment of particular methods. The author reveals that in developing countries the poorest users of young reproductive age are the most vulnerable and prone to contraception discontinuation. It is these population groups that experience the most dissatisfaction with family planning. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 16:27:40 +030
Avoidable mortality from circulatory system diseases in Moldova
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(3): 30-42
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e65218
  Authors : Vitalie V. Stirba : Mortality from avoidable circulatory system diseases causes one of the major losses in life expectancy, especially in males and population of working ages. The main contributors are the deaths caused by ischaemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and hypertensive diseases. This article analyses the trends in avoidable mortality caused by diseases of the circulatory system and estimates the possible increases in life expectancy due to the elimination of these causes of death. In this regard, the author uses methods of standardization, mortality decomposition and cause-elimination model. The study shows a decline in avoidable mortality from circulatory system diseases during the analyzed period, especially for earlier ages. At the same time, there is a significant differentiation in mortality dynamics depending on sex. In 2016–2018, avoiding these deaths could assure an increase in life expectancy by 3.8 years in males and 2.8 years in females. This possible increase in life expectancy could be partially achieved by improving the quality of the health care system and introducing policies and programs aimed at improving the health of the population. Moreover, programs aimed at preventing diseases of the circulatory system might influence on mortality diminution from other non-communicable diseases and external causes of death. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 16:21:22 +030
Impact of unemployment by sex and marriage rate on fertility decline:
Estimates for Turkey and Greece using CCR model
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(3): 76-89
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e69189
  Authors : Goran Miladinov : The article analyses the effect of unemployment by sex and marriage rate on fertility changes in Greece and Turkey. The empirical part of the study is based on annual time series data retrieved from the World Bank and National Statistical Offices of Turkey and Greece for 1991–2019. Canonical Cointegrating Regression model is applied for the two countries separately, allowing to quantify the effects of the determinants (crude marriage rate and unemployment rate by sex) on the variation of fertility rate. CCR models show these determinants to be the most significant factors of fertility dynamics in both countries. The results from Engle-Granger and the Phillips-Ouliaris tau (t-statistics) tests confirm the cointegration, i.e., long-term relationship between the variables only for Turkey’s CCR model. However, it was found that in Greece, female unemployment impacts fertility rate negatively and male unemployment has a positive effect on fertility rate; for Turkey modelling shows the opposite relationship. The results of the study suggest that economic uncertainties might be one of the factors contributing to fertility decline in these countries, long-term or in the coming years. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 11:46:44 +030
Institutional and regional features of organized second home development
in Russia
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(3): 43-55
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e70197
  Authors : Alexander V. Rusanov : The article studies the features of second home land development in Russia. Basing on the data of the All-Russian agricultural censuses, the author shows that organized second home development is represented by two quantitatively and qualitatively different processes, namely: development of residential dachas, observed in horticultural non-profit partnerships (HNP) with dominant residential, recreational and agricultural functions, and development of agricultural dachas (vegetable gardens), observed in gardening non-profit partnerships (GNP), performing only an agricultural function. Despite regional differentiation, the general developmental trend might be described as gradual strengthening of the recreational and residential functions of the HNPs, which is facilitated by institutional regulation. The absolute and relative scales of the GNPs extension are gradually decreasing, but due to the unique localization and long-term traditions of subsidiary gardening, they remain relevant, especially during periods of crisis. Therefore, in some regions, their share in the total land of garden and dacha formations substantially exceeds the national average. The desire of the owners to supplement the functions of the GNPs with a permit for the construction of houses leads to the transfer of gardening lands to other categories, but in the absence of such an opportunity, Russian GNPs remain an analogue of foreign «allotment gardens», where one cannot spend the night, but can do gardening. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 30 Sep 2021 01:40:32 +030
Database “Childfree (antinatalist) communities in the social network
VKontakte”
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(2): 92-96
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e70786
  Authors : Irina E. Kalabikhina, Evgeny P. Banin : The database contains an upload of text comments in Russian from the social network VKontakte in .csv format (UTF-8 encoding). The comments are collected from communities, which discuss pregnancy, childhood, motherhood, paternity, etc. The upload contains comments under the posts with which the interaction took place. The absolute amount of likes is used as a criterion (comments are collected where the number of likes is greater than or equal to 5). The text data is processed (stemmization and lemmatization). The data are suitable for thematic analysis (e.g. LDA — Latent Dirichlet Allocation), sentiment analysis of statements, modelling the graph structure of communities (the link_comment variable contains a unique identifier of the post, link_author contains a unique user identifier), and forming a dictionary of demographic connotation in Russian. Sentiment analysis of statements enables measuring the dynamics of «demographic temperature» in antinatalist communities. The database is a supplement to the publication Kalabikhina IE, Banin EP (2020) Database «Pro-family (pronatalist) communities in the social network VKontakte». Population and Economics 4(3): 98–130. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.4.e60915. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Tue, 27 Jul 2021 10:54:31 +030
Demographic contraction as an indicator of the problems of single-industry
municipalities
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(2): 76-91
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e65661
  Authors : Marina V. Ivanova : Migration processes associated with the outflow of the population from single-industry municipalities (monotowns) are becoming one of the components of global demographic changes on the territory of the Russian Federation. One of the tools to curb demographic contraction in the territory of single-industry municipalities can be the strengthening of diversification of the economy of monotowns, which should contribute to improving the quality of life of the population, including through a change in the structure of employment. The article analyzes the existing trends in the socio-economic development of single-industry towns of various types and shows that a significant number of them are characterized by demographic contraction, caused, among other things, by outflow of the working age population. Correlation analysis for a number of indicators characterizing demographic processes in single-industry municipalities showed a weak connection between them. Population survey data for 2016 and 2019 indicate a low assessment of measures to support single-industry towns by the population. The most significant factors for residents, indicating a favourable level of socio-economic development of the single-industry entity, in the opinion of the respondents, are employment opportunities, a decent level of wages, the quality of medical care, the quality of housing and utilities, and the ecological situation. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 30 Jun 2021 22:41:43 +030
Private and public transfers: substitute or complement'
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(2): 1-15
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e60293
  Authors : Anna A. Mironova, Lydia A. Shenshina : The paper analyzes the relationship between private and public social transfers in Russia. The research relies on the data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS-HSE) carried out by the Higher School of Economics in 1994–2018. The household is the unit of the analysis, the method of logistic regression is applied. The study has shown that when a household receives public social transfers, it is less likely to receive private transfers. So, the findings appear to bear out the hypothesis that public transfers crowd out private transfers in Russia. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 30 Jun 2021 20:21:46 +030
Fertility dynamics and reproductive behaviour of men and women entering
into marriage in the Republic of Bashkortostan
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(2): 55-75
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e64858
  Authors : Yana A. Skryabina : The article is devoted to the analysis of the fertility rate dynamics in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the study of the reproductive behaviour of the population entering into a registered marriage. The author examines the crude and total fertility rates, the net population reproduction rate, the total fertility rate by the order of births, as well as age-specific fertility rates. In addition, basing on the data of population surveys, the author regards reproductive intentions of citizens applying for marriage in the registry office, as well as reasons that may prevent them from having a child. The study shows that the Republic of Bashkortostan is characterized by a low fertility rate; the generation of children does not replace the generation of parents. The reproductive intentions of the respondents measured by the desired and expected number of children correspond to the small (two-child) family model. Among the main reasons that can prevent the birth of a child, the first two are financial and housing difficulties, and third is the desire to live for oneself for a while. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 30 Jun 2021 18:23:47 +030
Features and factors of demographic dynamics in the Kyrgyz Republic
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(2): 29-54
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e67183
  Authors : Alexandre A. Avdeev, Irina A. Troitskaya : The article analyzes the current demographic situation in the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as the main components of population dynamics: natural population growth, internal mobility and international migration. Basing on census data, current statistics and population surveys, the authors assess the impact of demographic processes in the republic on the age and sex structure and the rate of ageing of the Kyrgyz population, as well as on population settlement and its concentration in the centres of attraction of internal migrants, and the urbanization process. Analysis of demographic dynamics in the Kyrgyz Republic has shown a number of interrelated problems and challenges caused by the rapid growth of the population and changes in its age structure, requiring urgent social and economic policy measures. Key of the revealed problems are mass departure of the population in the working age, especially young people (labour migration), growth of population of retirement age, and uneven population settlement with concentration around the two largest urban agglomerations of the republic, the cities of Bishkek and Osh. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 30 Jun 2021 14:03:26 +030
Evaluation of consumer behaviour on the Internet under the conditions of
pandemic shock based on search activity in the luxury segment
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(2): 16-28
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e63315
  Authors : Valentina V. Gerasimenko, Ekaterina Golovanova : The article provides an overview and assessment of consumer trends that emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic from both a global and local perspective (Russia). The authors investigate perception of change and adaptive consumer behaviour, as well as the tactical capabilities of luxury brands interested in expanding the market while maintaining a premium brand with its values and history. First of all, the market in the luxury segment is shown through the lens of changes that have arisen in consumer behaviour in connection with the development of digital technologies. Taking this factor into account, the authors study the reactions of consumer behaviour that appeared in the new pandemic reality, and with the use of statistics of search queries based on Google and Yandex data, they show how global trends are manifested in the Russian market. The study reveals that against the background of global trends in consumer behaviour there was a more significant adaptation of the Russian population to new conditions, and in some cases specificity of consumer behaviour manifested itself in the local market at different stages of the dynamics of coronavirus spread. Based on the analysis of new trends, recommendations are given on what technologies luxury brands can use in the conditions of pandemic decline in the Russian market to match consumer requests in new realities. The research may be of interest to marketing and management professionals, as well as researchers in this field of sociology and industry management. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 30 Jun 2021 09:13:14 +030
Influence of migration processes on the demographic development in the
Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(1): 90-97
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e65133
  Authors : Dmitry V. Pomazkin : The article discusses the influence of migration on the development of demographic processes in the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The study shows that the current level of migration will lead to a decrease in the population due to the uneven sex and age structure of the population of the region. In this context, the author presents estimates of the number and costs of shift workers, that need to be attracted to compensate for the economically active population reduction. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:03:12 +030
Fertility in the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(1): 72-89
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e65207
  Authors : Vladimir N. Arkhangelsky : The article is devoted to the analysis of fertility indicators in the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Along with the total fertility rate for all births, the author traces the dynamics of birth order-specific fertility rates, as well as actual cohort fertility rates estimated by 2010 All-Russian census data. Particular attention is paid to the differences between these indicators in urban districts and municipal areas of the region. When considering the possible relationship of fertility indicators with the implementation of regional measures of demographic policy, special attention is paid to third and subsequent births, the level and dynamics of which can be influenced by the amount of regional maternal (family) capital, which is larger in the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug than in other federal subjects of Russia. The results of the analysis show that the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug is among regions with a relatively high level and a young model of fertility. To a greater extent, this manifests itself in the second, third and subsequent births. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Fri, 9 Apr 2021 16:10:21 +0300
Specifics and prospects of the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug labour
market in the context of economic and demographic development trends
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(1): 49-71
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e65258
  Authors : Oksana V. Kuchmaeva : The paper studies peculiarities of formation and use of the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug labour potential. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the situation in the regional labour market, its main determinants and development prospects, and to formulate proposals for employment policy corresponding to the peculiarities of the socio-demographic and economic situation. The paper is based on state labour statistics, municipal statistics, information of the Federal Register of Disabiled Persons, and the Rosstat population surveys data. To solve the research tasks the author uses methods of descriptive statistical analysis, as well as clustering methods in application to data characterizing tensions in the labour market of the municipalities of the region. The results of the analysis indicate the high role of migration in the formation of the labour potential of the region. Among the structural features of employment of the Yamal–Nenets Autonomous Okrug are a significant share of shift labour and a high proportion of migrants in the labour force, significant disparities in the structure of employed by economic activity and occupational group, as well as a small proportion of self-employed and entrepreneurs. The author concludes that the problems of the labour market act as an obstacle to the sustainable development of the region. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Thu, 8 Apr 2021 13:54:41 +0300
Eating habits and nutrition structure of high school and college students
living in the Arctic zone of Russia
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(1): 40-48
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e65922
  Authors : Olga B. Khoreva, Tamara G. Nezhina, Elena A. Tarasenko, Ekaterina N. Tamitskaya, Konstantin S. Zaykov : The research note focuses on the issues of eating behaviour of young people in Arkhangelsk. The authors analyze the dynamics of general indicators of morbidity and mortality from diseases of the digestive system in the regions of the Arctic zone and substantiate the relevance of nutrition studies in these regions. Based on the results of the survey conducted in 2018 at schools, colleges and universities in Arkhangelsk, the authors show that a significant part of the youth have irregular eating habits and characterise the structure of their own nutrition as unsatisfactory. University students show a greater commitment to balanced nutrition than college students, but it is college and university students that disregard frequency of nutrition, which can be a consequence of inadequate catering arrangement and its affordability at local schools. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 31 Mar 2021 17:48:05 +030
Modern features and tendencies of population settlement in the Far Eastern
regions of the Russian Far North
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(1): 20-39
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e60443
  Authors : Egor E. Chaika, Ulyana V. Mizerovskaya : The article regards the tendencies in the population distribution in the Far Eastern part of the Russian Far North, taking into account both country-wide trends and specific features of northern territories. The analysis covers the period from 1989 to 2020, that is, from the the last Soviet census to the present moment. The authors analyze the dynamics of the population size and its distribution, identify weaknesses in the statistical assessment of the actual population of the northern territories, define trends in the population distribution, namely, reveal the permanent population concentration along the southern borders of the Far Northern part of the Far East and the development of shift workers’ settlements across the remaining territory. In conclusion, the article puts the population distribution dynamics in the Far Eastern part of the Far North into the context of the identified trends. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 31 Mar 2021 09:40:35 +030
Socioeconomic determinants of demographic development of the Yamalo-Nenets
Autonomous Okrug
- Abstract: Population and Economics 5(1): 1-19
  DOI : 10.3897/popecon.5.e57105
  Authors : Ekaterina R. Barkova : The study explores the peculiarities of demographic processes in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the socioeconomic factors determining them. The author tests hypotheses about the relationship of socioeconomic characteristics of the population with fertility and migration basing on data from 13 municipalities of the region for 2011–2017. The analysis reveals a statistically significant relationship between age-specific fertility rate for women aged 15–49 and such indicators as marriage and divorce rates, wages, the proportion of employed in the working-age population, the enrolment of children in preschool education, and the proportion of families who received housing or improved housing conditions among those registered in the housing program. Inbound migration rate is statistically related to wages, as well as to proportion of employed in the total working-age population, while outbound migration rate is linked to proportion of those employed in mining, as well as to indicators characterizing situation in the marriage market. HTML XML PDF
  PubDate: Wed, 31 Mar 2021 09:19:34 +030