JournalTOCs

Journal of Human Resources
Journal Prestige (SJR): 7.563

Citation Impact (citeScore): 6
Number of Followers: 46

Full-text available via subscription

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ISSN (Print) 0022-166X - ISSN (Online) 1548-8004
Published by U of Wisconsin Press

[10 journals]

Why Are Low-Wage Workers Signing Noncompete Agreements'
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  Abstract: When a new worker receives an employment contract, it may include a noncompete agreement (hereafter, NCA). NCAs contractually limit a worker's ability to enter into a professional position in competition with their employer in the event of a job separation. More broadly, NCAs are one example of actions employers take to restrict competition in the labor market (Krueger and Ashenfelter 2018; Manning 2011). Indeed, 18 percent of the workforce was bound by an NCA in 2014 (Starr, Prescott, and Bishara 2019). NCAs may provide benefits to employers, for example, by mitigating holdup problems that distort investment in assets like general human capital training, trade secrets, or client lists (Grossman and Hart 1986), but ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T00:00:00-05:00
The Short- and Long-Run Effects of Attending the Schools that Parents
Prefer
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  Abstract: In many nations, there are preferred or elite public secondary schools for which there is high demand and fierce competition. In an important study, Abdulkadiroğlu, Angrist, and Pathak (2014) find that prestigious public exam schools in Boston and New York have no effect on test scores or college quality—motivating the term "elite illusion." To show whether this result holds true more generally, we perform systematic meta-analysis on publicly available studies using quasi-random assignment to a preferred (noncharter) public school (either through lottery or selective enrollment exam). This includes studies from the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Kenya, Mexico, Romania, and others. To focus on attendance ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T00:00:00-05:00
Does Pollution Drive Achievement' The Effect of Traffic Pollution on
Academic Performance
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  Abstract: More than 6.4 million children attend public school within 250 meters of a major roadway (Kingsley et al. 2014), and nearly one in five schools that opened in the 2014–2015 school year were built near a busy road (Hopkins 2017). Proximity to highways may make the land cheaper, but school districts and parents are often unaware of the health risks of highway pollution. Understanding the impact of traffic pollution in schools is critically relevant for social policy. Influences on academic achievement are largely absent from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates of the social costs of pollution, perhaps because relatively little research examines how pollution exposure over primary and secondary school ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T00:00:00-05:00
Universal Access to Free School Meals and Student Achievement: Evidence
from the Community Eligibility Provision
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  Abstract: The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Program (SBP)—jointly referred to as the school meals program—are the largest nutritional assistance programs serving school-aged children. On a typical school day, more than 30 percent of school children aged 5–17 years receive free lunches, and more than 20 percent receive free breakfasts (USDA 2018b).1 These programs represent up to half of students' nutritional intake (Gleason and Suitor 2001) and provide an income subsidy to low-income families: each student receiving free breakfasts and lunches pays approximately $4.50 a day ($800 per school year) less than students paying the full price.2Despite the size and importance of the school meals program ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T00:00:00-05:00
Empowering Mothers and Enhancing Early Childhood Investment: Effect on
Adults' Outcomes and Children's Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills
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  Abstract: Empowering women and enhancing early childhood development are important policy goals that are often pursued through separate, discrete initiatives in developing countries. This split approach is partly motivated by the view that female empowerment and improving child outcomes are potentially at odds with each other. For example, many measures of female empowerment, such as increased labor force participation, might seem to impose a cost on child outcomes, as children might get less time with their mothers, which might make the children worse off. We study an approach that pursues both goals through one measure, based on empowering mothers and teaching parenting skills that advance their children's development. We ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T00:00:00-05:00
Long-Run Impacts of Intergovernmental Transfers
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  Abstract: What are the long-run impacts of federal transfers to local governments on schooling, learning, and earnings of the local population' Intergovernmental grants finance about 60 percent of decentralized public service provision in developing countries and about one-third in OECD countries (Boadway and Shah 2009). Yet, despite their importance, evidence on the short-run development impacts of such grants is scant, while evidence on their long-run effects is absent altogether, mainly due to the high data and research design requirements associated with long-run causal studies.We investigate the impact of a temporary increase in block grants to local governments in Brazil in the early 1980s on development outcomes over ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T00:00:00-05:00
Moving to Economic Opportunity: The Migration Response to the Fracking
Boom
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  Abstract: Migration provides an opportunity for individuals to encounter more favorable labor market conditions and improve their economic wellbeing. However, since the 1980s, geographic mobility within the United States has fallen by nearly 50 percent to the lowest it has been in decades (Molloy, Smith, and Wozniak 2011; Molloy et al. 2016). This trend has led to a growing concern that people no longer move to better labor market opportunities.1 Recent academic work has exploited negative economic shocks associated with trade liberalization and the Great Recession to look at migration responses into and away from negative labor market conditions,2 but it is unclear if we should expect a symmetric response to positive ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T00:00:00-05:00
How Can Progressive Vouchers Help the Poor Benefit from School Choice'
Evidence from the Chilean Voucher System
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  Abstract: Advocates of school vouchers typically argue that vouchers help promote consumer choice, personal advancement, and competition. From the advocates' perspective, vouchers lower educational costs even as they increase school quality.1 Despite this expectation, there is still no consensus in the literature on whether voucher programs improve average outcomes. Moreover, there is concern that vouchers can generate a sorting of students across schools along characteristics such as income and ability, which possibly leads to lower educational outcomes for less-advantaged students. (See Manski 1992; Epple and Romano 1998; and MacLeod and Urquiola 2012, 2015 for theoretical work. See Chakrabarti 2009; Hsieh and Urquiola ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T00:00:00-05:00
Greek Life, Academics, and Earnings
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  Abstract: Social fraternities and sororities play a central role in the lives of many U.S. college students. According to the 2009 College Senior Survey, 17.5 percent of graduating college seniors report having joined a Greek organization during their college careers (Franke et al. 2010).1 The national organizations representing fraternities and sororities outline several laudable goals for its membership, including the intellectual development of members, the cultivation of leadership skills, and citizenship through service and philanthropic efforts. Evidence of success on these goals includes the fact that, in 2014 alone, undergraduate fraternity members provided 3.8 million hours of community service and raised $20.3 ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T00:00:00-05:00
Screening through Activation' Differential Effects of a Youth
Activation Program
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  Abstract: We examine empirically whether activation of the unemployed affects job-finding rates mainly through helping those with otherwise poor labor market prospects to find work or through persuading individuals with generally good labor market prospects to search more intensively for a job. The latter phenomenon would indicate that active labor market programs (ALMPs) have a screening role, similar to the screening effect of workfare discussed in theoretical work initially in the context of poverty alleviation; the seminal contribution here is Besley and Coate (1992).1 Such an effect is related to the so-called threat effect of active labor market programs (for example, Black et al. 2003), whereby individuals respond to ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-04-27T00:00:00-05:00