JournalTOCs

Management International Review
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.095

Citation Impact (citeScore): 3
Number of Followers: 7

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1861-8901 - ISSN (Online) 0938-8249
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2468 journals]

Correction: Headquarters-Subsidiary Relationship and Foreign Subsidiary
Innovation in Emerging Multinationals: A Loose Coupling Perspective
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  PubDate: 2025-02-25
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-025-00571-x
Roles of Market Characteristics and Experience in Ventures’
International Growth Mode Choice: A Conjoint Experiment
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  Abstract: Abstract This study investigates the decision criteria that entrepreneurs apply when choosing growth modes to internationalize their business. Specifically, we examine how market characteristics and experience impact the selection of organic, acquisitive, or collaborative growth strategies. Data on 1,080 mode decisions were collected in conjoint experiments and analyzed using hierarchical multinomial logistic regression. We find that barriers to entry and competitive intensity are the most determining market factors, and that international and mode-related experiences have considerable moderating effects. Our findings indicate that imitative behavior and normative preferences are less prevalent in entrepreneurial than in corporate decision-making.
  PubDate: 2025-02-25
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00566-0
Asymmetries in Firm-Level Globalization: The Case of Swiss Multinational
Enterprises
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  Abstract: Abstract This paper addresses the regional and global strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs), with an application to the largest Swiss companies. We extend Rugman and Verbeke’s (2004) classic approach to measure MNE globalization by adopting a multidimensional lens, whereby we focus on four distinct parameters that evaluate respectively: market success across geographic space (proxied by sales); investments as a response to foreign business opportunities (proxied by assets); human capital (as proxied by the employees’ geographic distribution); and knowledge capital (as measured by patented innovations). We observe substantial discrepancies in globalization levels according to the parameter used. According to this study, the largest segment of companies (42.1%) remains home-regional in terms of sales. Bi-regional firms constitute the second largest category, comprising 28.9% of the sample. Only 21.1% of the companies can be classified as global in terms of sales distribution. Upstream activities such as knowledge capital seem to be more home-region oriented than downstream activities. One critical conclusion of this study is that not a single large Swiss MNE can be considered global in terms of knowledge capital creation.
  PubDate: 2025-02-15
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-025-00568-6
Acknowledgement to MIR Board Members and Ad hoc Reviewers 2024
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  PubDate: 2025-02-13
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-025-00567-7
Do Parts Suppliers Follow Their Customers’ FDI'
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  Abstract: Abstract This study investigates the correlation between parts suppliers’ business dependence on their customers and the timing of their subsequent actions regarding customers’ foreign direct investment (FDI), a relationship that has not been empirically examined in previous studies. We focus on the Japanese automotive industry and explore how parts suppliers’ dependence on customers affects their FDI behavior. Using a multinomial logistic regression model, we analyze data from 152 Japanese companies, involving 4228 FDI cases in 29 countries and regions worldwide. Our findings indicate that parts suppliers that depend on customers for business tend to synchronize their FDI-related decisions with those of their customers, investing in the same countries and at similar times.
  PubDate: 2025-02-10
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00565-1
When East Meets West in Building Organisational Resilience: An Exploratory
Study Among Bangladeshi Exporters
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  Abstract: Abstract This longitudinal qualitative study examines how globally operating readymade garment exporters from Bangladesh build organisational resilience in order to cope in the turbulent business environment. We found that at the time of crisis, such as the one caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic, the studied exporters lacked robustness, and were not prepared for unexpected external shocks. However, the companies built resilience by adaptation to the situation as well as possible. Their ability to build resilience was found to be partly rooted in the local culture. At the time of crisis, the companies combined jugaad—a regional cultural practice—with a Western mindset and management tools. In this study, this unique combination of regional and Western practices is labelled as jugalbandi. Interestingly, organisational resilience which is achieved in this way seems to be temporary: the exporters discarded the locally-embedded practices when the situation stabilised. Our study challenges the mainstream views on organisational resilience espoused in earlier research, and develops a context-sensitive, culture-embedded framework of resilience building.
  PubDate: 2025-01-08
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00563-3
The Role of Cultural Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence in the
Internationalization of SMEs: Does Global Mindset Matter'
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  Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) increasingly face the imperative of internationalization to remain competitive. Owner-managers of SMEs, who predominantly act as decision-makers, encounter multifaceted challenges in navigating cross-cultural complexities. These challenges can pose significant obstacles to successful expansion into international markets, and prior research has often overlooked the role of owner-managers in SME internationalization models. This study investigates how specific managerial competencies, namely cultural intelligence (CQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ), influence the degree of internationalization (
  DOI ) of SMEs. Additionally, it examines the mediating role of owner-managers’ global mindset (GM) in this relationship. Based on upper echelons theory, which posits that top managers’ characteristics shape organizational outcomes, the study reveals how these individual-level competencies impact SME internationalization efforts. Data were collected from 399 SME owner-managers in Norway and Azerbaijan, utilizing structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships. Results indicate that higher levels of CQ and EQ among owner-managers positively influence the
  DOI of SMEs, with GM partially mediating these relationships. This study enhances the body of knowledge on CQ, EQ, and SME internationalization by introducing a comprehensive
  DOI measurement approach that considers both the proportion and geographic dispersion of foreign sales. Furthermore, this research addresses a significant gap by incorporating GM into the explanation of the SME internationalization process. Finally, it extends theoretical understanding by exploring the often-overlooked application of upper echelons theory to the context of SME internationalization, highlighting the crucial role of specific managerial competencies as drivers of internationalization.
  PubDate: 2025-01-08
Foreign Language Use, Virtuality, and the Creative Performance of Dyadic
Teams
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  Abstract: Abstract Firms rely on their employees’ creativity to drive innovation and secure competitive advantages. In the modern workplace, team members often collaborate in a non-native language and interact virtually rather than face-to-face. Yet, the effects of foreign language use and virtuality on the creative performance of teams have not been fully explored. The present study addresses this issue using an experiment with 95 dyadic teams, which we randomly assigned to either a foreign or a native language condition. In line with our theoretical reasoning, we find that foreign language use is detrimental for team creative performance, an effect that can be alleviated by team members’ foreign language proficiency. We further observe that, at least in the foreign language condition, interacting virtually rather than face-to-face can stimulate team creative performance. Virtuality may thus help alleviate some globalization-induced challenges to nurturing creative performance.
  PubDate: 2025-01-08
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00557-1
The Democratic Deficit of the Global Dominance of Producer-Driven Society
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  Abstract: Abstract The argument of this paper is sequential. Democracy is associated with openness in trade, investment, and entrepreneurship. This is because of its support of property rights, contract enforcement, open governance, and civil society operational freedoms. However, these institutions are potentially open to capture by producer-driven interests. Institutions and political processes are not fixed but change over time and are the products of political contestation including the global projection of national producer interests. It is essential to see the world economy as a complex system that evolves under pressures of political, economic, technological, and societal changes. Democratic control of powerful producer-driven interests is not a given. Addressing the potential democratic deficit is one of global society’s “Grand Challenges”.
  PubDate: 2025-01-08
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00564-2
Predicting Cross-border Merger and Acquisition Completion through CEO
Characteristics: A Machine Learning Approach
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  Abstract: Abstract The issue of cross-border merger and acquisition (CBMA) completion has garnered significant attention from scholars, yet existing research primarily focuses on macro- and meso-level determinants, with limited exploration of micro-level factors. Drawing on upper echelons theory, this study examines the predictive power of three categories of CEO characteristics—demographic background, professional background, and personality traits—on CBMA completion. Utilizing a dataset of 4,541 CBMA transactions announced by U.S.-listed firms from 1990 to 2021, we employ the LightGBM machine learning model and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithms to analyze the importance and predictive patterns of these CEO characteristics. Our findings reveal that CEO personality traits, overall, exhibit the strongest predictive power among the three categories. The top five CEO characteristics identified are CEO conscientiousness, CEO promotion focus, CEO external focus, CEO duality, and CEO neuroticism, with many characteristics displaying non-linear relationships with CBMA completion. This study extends the application of upper echelons theory to the domain of CBMA completion and highlights new avenues for future research.
  PubDate: 2024-12-12
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00562-4
Management of Global Value Chains and Risk: An Application to Emerging
Markets
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  Abstract: Abstract Management of global value chains by manufacturing firms requires detailed consideration of the relationships with partner firms and the risks involved in operating in different countries, especially emerging markets. Value chains in the mining equipment sector are particularly interesting, since production of many components is outsourced to third-party firms, and supply chains often include regional distribution centers and also after-sale service of equipment. The mining equipment business in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is populated by multinational manufacturers that operate in three value chain structures. Each arrangement presents a somewhat different risk and return profile: greater local presence offers greater upside profit opportunity, while exporting to another company in the DRC entails lower country risk. This study explores the majority of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) selling into the mining industry in the DRC. Through interviews and secondary data, we create a detailed look at the operation of the global value chains used by these firms. The contribution of the paper is to further develop our understanding of the operation of global value chains, and to show how and why, despite similar circumstances, different MNEs pursue different strategies in the same country and industry.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00555-3
Remaking the Multinational Corporation: Geographically Dispersed
Unbundling and Intangible Assets
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  Abstract: Abstract Over the past decades, we have observed the emergence of multinational corporations (MNCs) that are increasingly characterized by their high levels of unbundling and geographic dispersion of their activities and by their greater reliance on intangible (vs. tangible) assets. We develop a novel typology of MNCs on the basis of these two characteristics and explore how different types of MNCs have been exposed and are likely to respond to the slowdown in the global economic integration since the 2008 global financial crisis. We argue that the degree to which MNCs have unbundled and geographically dispersed their activities and their reliance on intangible (vs. tangible) assets will affect the risks associated with cross-border transfers of goods and services and with holding overseas assets. We advance the international business (IB) literature and contribute to the global strategy literature by using our novel typology to examine MNCs’ exposure and their likely response to deglobalization pressures.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00558-0
Institutional Complementarity and Substitution in Indian Multinational
Enterprises’ Cross-Border Investment Decisions
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  Abstract: Abstract The assumption that better institutions are favoured in multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) location choices has been questioned in terms of whether emerging market MNEs might have different capabilities associated with the institutional conditions in their home country that they may exploit when internationalizing. They might seek to expand both to better institutional environments (institutional substitution) and to other emerging market environments (institutional complementarity). We examine if elements of institutional complementarity and substitution are evident in the internationalization decisions of Indian MNEs, and whether there are boundary conditions or limits attached to the benefits of these two effects. Our arguments are tested on a sample of Indian MNEs’ cross-border acquisitions between 2002 and 2021. The study differentiates between institutional distance effects in terms of both magnitude and direction, and institutional quality. We raise the notion of “institutional ranges or thresholds” (different points on the institutional profile distribution representing varying levels of institutional quality) and explicitly seek to identify such thresholds where the effects of institutional complementarity and substitution may set in and/or disappear, and why that may be the case.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00560-6
Language Operative Capacity in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
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  Abstract: Abstract Language-related IB research predominantly targets large MNCs, often overlooking the challenges that internationalizing SMEs face in effectively utilizing their limited language resources. To address this gap and assist SMEs in overcoming their unique language challenges, we develop a scale for language operative capacity (LOC), which measures a firm’s capacity to deploy language resources most productively throughout its global operations. We validate this instrument with data from 417 SMEs and examine its impact on two critical internationalization metrics: export performance and international networking capability. Our study makes three key contributions to language-related IB research and capacity research. First, we provide a comprehensive and robust LOC instrument, incorporating distinctions between potential and realized capacity from the capacity literature. Second, we offer a deeper understanding of language as a multi-level phenomenon by highlighting the interaction between individual-level language skills and organizational-level capacities. Third, we extend the scarce language-related IB research on SMEs by offering a nuanced understanding of LOC as a strategic resource, by validating the LOC instrument in the context of internationalizing SMEs, and by demonstrating its explanatory power for essential internationalization metrics. Additionally, our research provides SMEs with an actionable tool to assess their linguistic capacities, develop their language resources and optimize the use of these language resources in international operations.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00556-2
Headquarters-Subsidiary Relationship and Foreign Subsidiary Innovation in
Emerging Multinationals: A Loose Coupling Perspective
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  Abstract: Abstract While it is widely recognized that an asset-augmentation rather than asset-exploitation intent drives the internationalization of emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs), what remains unclear is how EMNEs and their subsidiaries are able to engage in innovation activities in host countries. Conjoining the loose coupling perspective and institutional theory, this study investigates how EMNEs enhance subsidiary innovation performance through developing and adjusting headquarter-subsidiary (HQS) coupling structure. Drawing upon the data from 426 foreign subsidiaries of Chinese manufacturing firms, this study adopts polynomial quadratic regression with response surface analysis to examine the impact of HQS structure on subsidiary innovation and the contingent mechanisms within this process. The results demonstrate support for the positive effect of HQS loosely coupled structure on subsidiary innovation performance, and the moderating roles of subsidiary external and internal legitimacy are also confirmed. From the perspective of loose coupling, this study makes an effort to inform on the key mechanisms of EMNEs’ global innovation at subsidiary level, and provides practical enlightenment for their internationalization behaviors.
  PubDate: 2024-12-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00559-z
The Impact of Strategic Orientations on the Born Globals’ Export
Performance: An Ambidexterity Approach
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  Abstract: Abstract According to international entrepreneurship scholars, the success of Born Globals (BGs) depends on their capacity to develop an organizational ambidexterity perspective, i.e. a dual function of simultaneous knowledge exploration and exploitation. In this respect, it has been pointed out that ambidexterity can be associated with the ability to balance the development of different strategic orientations (SOs), namely, entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO), and learning orientation (LO). While several authors have investigated the impact of MO, EO and LO on BGs’ performance, the results of such research are often inconsistent. Based on the resource orchestration view, we assume that the combined – rather than the single – contribution of resources and capabilities provided by EO, MO, and LO, ultimately result in a superior export performance. Such an indicator is typically adopted to evaluate international performance, especially for micro and small companies. More specifically, the study aims to verify the significance of dyadic (namely, MO*EO, EO*LO, and MO*LO) and triadic (MO*EO* LO) interactions of the SO typologies on BGs’ export performance. Moreover, the paper aspires to verify if some of these interactions are more relevant than others. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 100 Italian hi-tech BGs located inside a technological cluster near Rome through a longitudinal analysis. Our findings show that all the investigated interactions positively and significantly impact on the BGs’ export performances, independently of the adopted measurement variable. However, a certain type of hierarchy emerges among the different impacts of the investigated interactions among the three SO typologies.
  PubDate: 2024-10-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00552-6
Knowledge Sharing of Self-Initiated Expatriates: The Effects of Job
Embeddedness, Career Capital, and Supervisor Incivility
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  Abstract: Abstract Self-initiated expatriates are recognized as a major source of knowledge and have the potential of acting as key players in helping organizations gain and maintain competitive advantage. Using conservation of resources theory as a guiding theoretical framework, we examined the effect of job embeddedness on self-initiated expatriates’ knowledge sharing, as well as the moderating effects of career capital and supervisor incivility. We utilized a sample of 170 self-initiated expatriates and their supervisors working in public service organizations in the United Arab Emirates. Results showed that job embeddedness was positively related to the two facets of knowledge sharing: knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. The study also revealed that knowing how career capital positively moderated the relationship between job embeddedness and knowledge donating, while it did not moderate the relationship between job embeddedness and knowledge collecting. Supervisor incivility negatively moderated the relationship between job embeddedness and both knowledge donating and knowledge collecting. This study examines the motivational and contextual factors that affect knowledge sharing of self-initiated expatriates, which have previously been overlooked.
  PubDate: 2024-10-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00553-5
Pollution Haven, Private Politics, and Competitive Dynamics: How Do
Irresponsible MNEs Challenged by an International NGO Compete to Act
Responsibly'
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  Abstract: Abstract Given its detrimental impact on a broad spectrum of stakeholders, corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) of multinational enterprises (MNEs) has garnered increasing scholarly interest. The dominant theoretical perspective suggests that the irresponsible practices of MNEs are primarily driven by the deficiencies in institutional frameworks within host countries. The underlying assumption posits that in the absence of regulatory changes in host countries, subsidiaries of MNEs will continue their irresponsible practices and are unlikely to engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR). We challenge this long-standing assumption through novel empirical evidence by integrating theories of private politics and competitive dynamics to investigate MNE CSI. Our findings demonstrate that global normative pressures, manifested through a private politics campaign by an international NGO, can drive MNEs operating in pollution havens to adopt CSR practices without changing regulatory demands from host countries. Drawing from an innovative research setting where polluting MNEs face challenges from the private politics of an international NGO, our qualitative research shows how these MNEs competed beyond mere compliance with the international NGO’s requirements, actively participating in CSR-oriented competitive dynamics in three global arenas: the product market, the factor market, and sustainability-report discourses, even post-campaign. Our examination of dyadic action-reaction dynamics indicates that to retain global clients who have become more environmentally conscious, MNEs have transitioned from perceiving CSR as a financial burden to embracing it as a contest.
  PubDate: 2024-10-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00554-4
An Enquiry into MNEs’ CSR Practices: Literature Assessment, Managerial
Implications, and Academic Perspectives
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  Abstract: Abstract As a result of growing concerns by stakeholder groups in different parts of the world for the economic, social, and environmental value created by multinational enterprises (MNEs), research has explored MNEs’ corporate social responsibility (CSR). This article extends existing knowledge by steering through extant research on MNE’s CSR activities embedded in MNEs’ international competitive behavior. The paper reviews 208 empirical studies conducted on this subject during the period 1997–2022 and offers a systematized analysis along aspects pertaining to theoretical perspectives, research design, scope, method, and thematic emphasis. It synthesizes existing knowledge in an integrative conceptual framework incorporating the key thematic priorities and the relations between them. It also provides an evaluation of the key managerial implications extracted from these studies by 114 managers of MNEs having their headquarters in the U.S.A., Germany, and China. Finally, it offers fruitful directions for future research based on the findings of a survey among 42 international business scholars with expertise in this field.
  PubDate: 2024-08-05
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00551-7
Correction: Breaking Barriers: How Do the Marketing Capabilities of
Emerging-Market Micro-Multinationals Drive Social Innovation'
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  PubDate: 2024-06-11
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-024-00549-1

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