JournalTOCs

Management International Review
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.095

Citation Impact (citeScore): 3
Number of Followers: 7

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1861-8901 - ISSN (Online) 0938-8249
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2469 journals]

Business-Civil Society Collaborations in South Korea: A Multi-Stage
Pattern Matching Study
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  Abstract: Abstract In this study, we use an empirical example to demonstrate how a multi-stage pattern matching process can inform and substantiate the construction of partial least squares (PLS) models and the subsequent interpretation of and theorizing from the findings. We document the research process underlying our empirical investigations of business – civil society collaborations in South Korea. The four-step process we outline in this paper can be used to ensure the meaningfulness of the structural model as well as to maximize the use of PLS for theorizing. This methodological advancement is particularly helpful in situations when literature reference points exist, but further contextual information may add nuances to prevalent knowledge. The findings from the qualitative flexible pattern matching part of the study prompted us to conduct a multi-group analysis. The resulting path changes in the base model led to the identification of four partnering strategies for business-CSO collaborations: (1) partnering for visibility; (2) partnering for compliance; (3) partnering for responsibility outsourcing; and (4) partnering for value co-creation.
  PubDate: 2022-09-19
A Review of International Management Research on Corporate Taxation
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  Abstract: Abstract Since international economic liberalization over the past decades has increased the scope for corporate tax arbitrage and such arbitrage has been increasingly scrutinized, taxes have become a more important managerial issue in multinational enterprises (MNEs) and thus a topic of interest for international management (IM) studies. We provide an exploratory overview of the main foci and findings of the resulting body of research, outline how these foci and findings compare to those of international corporate taxation studies in adjacent fields, and propose an agenda for future IM research on corporate taxation. We find that extant IM research has focused on four types of tax-related acts – i.e., income shifting, international relocations of headquarters, internationalization of operational activities, and tax evasion – and identify three important avenues for future research. These avenues concern the use of better operationalizations of corporate income tax burdens and tax havens, the further study of the effects of tax-related formal and informal institutions, and the study of tax-related corporate political activity. More generally, our review shows that, rather than being a mere financial issue, international corporate taxation has various strategic, behavioral, and political dimensions that warrant more attention from IM scholars.
  PubDate: 2022-09-05
The Development of Individual Ambidexterity Across Institutional
Environments: Symmetric and Configurational Analyses
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  Abstract: Abstract Buoyed by recent calls for research to explore micro-level cognitive explanations for ambidexterity, this study examines how individuals’ self-efficacy and resilience affect individual ambidexterity across different institutional environments. Building on social cognitive theory, we posit that self-efficacy enhances ambidexterity via resilience and that such relationship varies across economic institutional environments. Our symmetric (PLS-SEM) and configurational (fsQCA) analyses of 1907 knowledge workers in China, New Zealand and Australia provide supportive and complementary evidence for these theoretical arguments. Specifically, PLS-SEM reveals that the mediating effects of resilience on the relationship between self-efficacy and individual ambidexterity are stronger in an environment where economic institutions are weak. fsQCA complements PLS-SEM by showing that individual ambidexterity can be explained by multiple configurations of psychological self-efficacy, resilience, characteristics related to institutions, and personal demographic factors. Taken together, these findings contribute to the international business literature by providing a nuanced understanding of how different psychological resources integrate and interact with institutional factors to enhance individual ambidexterity.
  PubDate: 2022-08-31
History Matters: Colonial-Based Connectivity and Foreign Headquarter
Location Choice
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  Abstract: Abstract In this study, we argue that European countries’ extensive relationships with former colonies represent a location factor that attracts foreign headquarter investments. The strategic role of foreign headquarters as coordinators, opportunity detectors, and global bridgeheads makes the location choice of headquarter activities sensitive to historical-based institutional connections. Drawing on a sample of 2230 foreign headquarter investments in Europe, we find that the stronger the combined effect of historical connections and current economic relationships with former colonies, the higher the probability of attracting headquarter investment projects. We refer to this combined characteristic as colonial-based connectivity. The study findings support the hypothesis that past colonial relationships and historical context influence FDI decisions and location preferences. We contribute to the literature by advancing the understanding of foreign headquarter location choices, and by demonstrating the importance of historical context in international business research. We emphasize how the former colonial influence continues to confer advantages upon some countries, including the attraction of FDI.
  PubDate: 2022-08-26
A Meta-analysis of the Antecedents and Outcomes of Consumer Foreign
Country Image Perceptions: The Moderating Role of Macro-level Country
Differences
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  Abstract: Abstract We propose a conceptual model of the key antecedents and outcomes of consumer perceptions of the two components of foreign country image (CI), namely, general country image (GCI) and product country image (PCI), which we meta-analytically tested with input derived from 253 studies included in 176 empirical articles published in the last five decades. Our meta-analysis revealed that both GCI and PCI were positively influenced by foreign brand-, product-, and country-familiarity. Both GCI and PCI were negatively driven by consumer ethnocentrism and animosity, while patriotism generated a negative effect on PCI, but not on GCI. Consumer demographics rarely exhibited a significant association with each of these two image dimensions, with the exception of education that positively affected PCI and income that positively impacted GCI. GCI exhibited a positive effect on PCI perceptions, while both of them had a strong positive impact on evaluation, attitude, and purchase intention associated with foreign products. With a few exceptions, the previous construct associations were moderated by differences between reference and focal countries with regard to their level of economic development, degree of innovativeness, level of industrial performance, and degree of political risk. Finally, study-related time period, focal fieldwork country, and product involvement type exhibited strong control effects.
  PubDate: 2022-08-25
Dynamic Capabilities, Internationalization and Growth of Small- and
Medium-Sized Enterprises: The Roles of Research and Development Intensity
and Collaborative Intensity
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  Abstract: Abstract Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can benefit from internationalization. However, there is little evidence of the extent of the benefit and its dependence on both research and development (R&D) intensity and collaborative intensity. Drawing on data of 262 SMEs, this study illuminates why some SMEs benefit more from internationalization than others, thereby illustrating an advanced application of partial least squares structural equation modeling by demonstrating conditional mediation analysis with two interdependent exogenous moderators (i.e., testing a second-stage three-way conditional mediation). Our findings substantiate that an SME’s dynamic capabilities affect its degree of internationalization and indirectly its growth, and suggest a positive marginal growth impact of internationalization provided that an SME’s R&D and collaborative intensities are proportional; when they are disproportional (i.e., one is “greater” than the other), SMEs do not experience positive marginal growth.
  PubDate: 2022-08-25
Too Much of Two Good Things: Explicating the Limited Complementarity
Between Drivers of MNC Headquarters’ Absorptive Capacity
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  Abstract: Abstract This study examines how multinational corporation (MNC) knowledge management mechanisms (systems, coordination and socialization) and international exposure affect MNC headquarters' absorptive capacity (AC). We build on Cohen and Levinthal's (Admin Sci Quart 35(1):128–152, 1990, https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553) under-researched trade-off between the inward- and outward-looking drivers of AC in the context of the MNC international knowledge transfer. First, we hypothesize that knowledge management mechanisms (the inward-looking driver) and international exposure (the outward-looking driver) directly influence headquarters' AC. Our findings from a sample of 106 Brazilian and Portuguese MNC headquarters support this view. Second, because "not-invented-here" syndrome and distance can affect knowledge flows from subsidiaries, we develop a hypothesis on the trade-off between AC's inward- and outward-looking drivers. We observe that their impact on the AC of MNC headquarters is diminished for high levels of coordination mechanisms and international exposure. Hence, coordination mechanisms become less effective to absorb subsidiary knowledge as the MNC increases its international footprint. We also conclude that the headquarters of highly internationalized MNCs can regard socialization mechanisms as facilitators of the absorption of knowledge generated by subsidiaries.
  PubDate: 2022-08-04
Integrated Generalized Structured Component Analysis: On the Use of Model
Fit Criteria in International Management Research
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  Abstract: Abstract Structural equation modeling (SEM) has remained two mutually exclusive domains, factor-based vs. component-based, depending on whether a construct is modeled by either a factor or a component (i.e., weighted composite of indicators). Research in international management (IM) and international business (IB), however, needs to accommodate a more general model that considers a wide range of constructs from different disciplines at the same time, representing some constructs as factors (e.g., cultural distance and institutional distance) and others as components (e.g., international experience and export intensity). Integrated generalized structured component analysis (IGSCA) is a recently developed statistical method for estimating such models with both factors and components. IGSCA can provide overall fit indexes for model evaluation, including the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) and the standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR). However, the performance of these indexes in IGSCA is not yet investigated. Addressing this limitation, we (a) highlight the limitations of the dominantly used SEM approaches, (b) review the use of different SEM approaches in IM/IB research in the last decade, (c) conduct a simulation study, confirming that both GFI and SRMR distinguish well between correct and misspecified models with both factors and components, and (d) we illustrate the indexes’ efficacy using a model concerning the role of personality traits and international experience in shaping cultural intelligence. Based on the review and the results of the simulation study and the illustrative example, we also propose rules-of-thumb cutoff criteria for each index in IGSCA.
  PubDate: 2022-08-04
Economies of Scale: The Rationale Behind the Multinationality-Performance
Enigma
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  Abstract: Abstract In a widely acclaimed contribution to Management International Review, Hennart (2007) challenged one of the mainstream theories of International Business, the S-curve relationship between multinationality and performance, by arguing that there is no positive impact on performance aside from the scale enhancing effect resulting from increasing multinationality. We examine his arguments by analyzing 3876 firms from Canada, Germany, Japan, the UK and the US over the period from 2002 to 2016. We find that the empirical evidence for a direct positive impact of multinationality on performance is not convincing. However, increasing multinationality leads to a significantly higher firm performance via the economies of scale-channel. Multinationality seems to be more important as a means to increase scale for firms from small home markets compared to firms from large domestic markets. Intangible assets appear to amplify the impact of scale on performance much more than the impact of multinationality on performance. In the end, it's size that matters.
  PubDate: 2022-08-04
Speed of International Expansion: The Mediating Role of Network Resources
Mobilisation
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  Abstract: Abstract Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are often under pressure to expand at the highest possible speed in international markets. They therefore embed themselves in networks of alliances where they can access resources in the form of relational assets, information, and learning to facilitate swifter internationalisation whilst circumventing the risks of time-compression diseconomies. Hence, drawing from the network theory of international business and the perspective of structural embeddedness of interorganisational relationships, this study aims to determine the relationship between access to and mobilisation of network resources in relation to the speed of international expansion among MNEs. For this purpose, we assembled a sample of 131 global-reach MNEs from the airline industry and observed their international expansion activities over a 5-year period. Partial-Least-Squares Structural-Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to capture the multidimensionality of internationalisation speed, under the commitment-breadth-intensity framework, as well as the multidimensionality of both embeddedness and mobilisation; similarly, we employ Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) to identify the necessary antecedent variables in our research model. As a result, understanding was gained of the position of each firm within an international alliance network, in terms of how it creates value by obtaining access to resources for international expansion; furthermore, we learned that access is as necessary as mobilisation to increase internationalisation speed, and that, mobilisation is required to mediate the capture of network opportunities. Consequently, the study provided insights for managerial practice: MNEs should pursue centrality in their networks at the same time as planning their resources mobilisation strategies.
  PubDate: 2022-08-04
Mindfulness as Facilitating Expatriate Development: Advancing Knowledge
Sharing and Promoting Cultural Adjustment Abroad
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  Abstract: Abstract With the continued shift toward expatriate assignments as developmental opportunities, understanding how to facilitate expatriate development and cross-cultural adjustment is critical for organizations deploying employees overseas. To this end, we put forth a conceptual model proposing mindfulness as a key factor facilitating short-term (cultural adjustment) and long-term (global mindset) expatriate development through its impact on bias reduction and knowledge sharing. Specifically, we draw on social identity theory and broaden and build theory to theorize regarding how these relationships may function within the context of expatriates interacting with host country nationals and others in the expatriate community, suggesting that mindfulness is key to reducing the biases that stifle expatriate development. Importantly, we delineate willingness and tendency to engage in knowledge sharing as a central boundary condition of the model. Finally, we discuss theoretical implications for researchers, as well as practical implications for expatriates and their employing organizations. In so doing, we provide important future directions upon which future research and practice can build in empirically testing and implementing the recommendations from the proposed conceptual model.
  PubDate: 2022-07-20
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00471-4
The Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling and
Complementary Methods in International Management Research
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  Abstract: Abstract Research in international business and management (IM) is highly complex, contextual, and spans various subfields and related theoretical lenses. These characteristics pose research challenges that require utilizing sophisticated research designs and methodologies. This paper and our focused issue on ‘The use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and complementary methods in IM research’ further clarify whether and how researchers using PLS-SEM can address (some of) the challenges in IM research. We explain how researchers can benefit from the (advanced) capabilities that PLS-SEM offers; either as a stand-alone method or in triangulation efforts that leverage complementary approaches. In addition, we review the IM literature for PLS-SEM applications and evaluate whether and how researchers are already using these approaches. We identify some room for improvement when it comes to the application of both more advanced PLS-SEM capabilities and the triangulation of PLS-SEM with qualitative data analyses, and techniques such as fuzzy set qualitative comparative analyses and necessary condition analyses. For better guidance, we refer to PLS-SEM application examples in which the methodological advances are used.
  PubDate: 2022-07-19
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00475-0
Revisiting the Effect of Internationalization on Firm Governance: A
Replication and Extension Study
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  Abstract: Abstract The idea that a firm’s degree of internationalization shapes its governance structure is a consequential phenomenon examined in strategic management and international business research. Sanders and Carpenter (Acad Manag J 41(2):158–178, 1998) was one of the first studies to comprehensively consider this phenomenon by finding that firms cope with the uncertainty of internationalization by granting CEOs higher and longer-term pay, constructing larger top management teams, constructing larger and more independent board of directors, and separating the CEO and chairman of the board positions. Given that firm governance structures have substantially changed over the past few decades, our study revisits these relationships by conducting a replication of Sanders and Carpenter (1998). Our results find general support for Sanders and Carpenter’s (1998) central premise that internationalization shapes firm governance structures but also highlight important non-findings that reflect how the internationalization-governance relationship has changed since their study. Based on the findings of our replication, we also extend Sanders and Carpenter’s (1998) framework and find that firms have more recently coped with the uncertainty of internationalization by hiring CEOs with international experience and hiring a more internationally diverse board of directors. We also provide insights on important boundary conditions of the non-replicated results in our study.
  PubDate: 2022-07-09
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00472-3
The Relationship Between Timing, Speed, and Performance in Foreign Market
Network Entry
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  Abstract: Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the performance consequences of an early and rapid foreign network entry process. We develop a theoretical model that uses theories on first mover advantage and capability development as mechanisms to explain the relationship between the timing and speed of entering the network and SME performance in the network. The theoretical model is tested with a dataset collected on-site at 198 SMEs. The results show that earlier network entry positively affects performance and that the speed of relationship development in the network entered has a curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) effect on SMEs’ performance. Although the extant literature recognizes that firm performance is affected by the degree of insidership reached in foreign business networks, little is known about the performance effects of the timing and the speed of entering the network. Our findings suggest that managers of exporting SMEs should move first into new networks to give themselves time to grow slowly in the foreign market network to mitigate diseconomies of time compression.
  PubDate: 2022-06-27
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00470-5
Revisiting the Internationalization-Performance Relationship: A
Twenty-Year Meta-Analysis of Emerging Market Multinationals
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  Abstract: Abstract With the rapid growth of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs), increasing interest has been focused on exploring the internationalization-performance (I-P) relationship of EMNEs. Yet findings on the relationship remain contradictory. Although researchers emphasize the home-country-bounded nature of EMNEs, less is known about how home-government features and the EMNEs’ political mindset affect their internationalization and performance. This study integrates and extends the literature on the I-P relationship of EMNEs using a meta-analysis covering a dataset of 218 effect sizes from 186 retrieved studies published between 1998 and 2021. Findings show that the I-P relationship is overall positive, yet it varies across diverse research designs and emerging markets and regions. Also, our findings indicate that home-country government quality and transformability exert significant positive impacts on the relationship, while nationalism negatively moderates the government’s impacts on the relationship. This study pushes the boundaries of EMNE literature through conceptualizing home-government features and incorporating consideration of nationalism in this research field.
  PubDate: 2022-05-24
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00466-1
Accelerated Internationalization Among Inexperienced Digital
Entrepreneurs: Toward a Holistic Entrepreneurial Decision-Making Model
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  Abstract: Abstract This study explores accelerated internationalization among inexperienced digital entrepreneurs who lack resources such as prior experience, knowledge, and networks, which previous research regards as prerequisites for such growth. Following an in-depth qualitative research methodology, the findings reveal three theoretical mechanisms through which inexperienced entrepreneurs can make international commitment decisions with regard to the internationalization of their digital firms. The first is a novel mindset-based approach through which an entrepreneur can make an affective commitment to the international stakeholders within a digital community. Entrepreneurs do that by applying pull-based tools in digital communication to build interest among potential network contacts. The second mechanism is a means-based approach following effectuation logic resulting in an effectual form of commitment to international stakeholders in the digital community. The mechanism relies on applying push-based tools for digital communication to facilitate interactions with known network contacts. The third mechanism is continuance commitment to international business that entrepreneurs can foster over time in tandem with accumulated international experiential knowledge. This research provides an entrepreneurial decision-making model that extends effectuation theory and integrates it with extant research. The resulting holistic entrepreneurial decision-making model explains the accelerated internationalization of digital firms.
  PubDate: 2022-05-20
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00469-y
Effects of Internationalization Rhythm and Speed on E-Commerce Firms’
Growth and the Role of Institutional Distances
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  Abstract: Abstract In an increasingly digitalizing economy, e-commerce firms are known to internationalize faster and more irregularly than offline firms. However, it is important to analyze how e-commerce firms benefit from time-based internationalization decisions and whether they are still limited by institutional distances that are said to lose relevance, which we do not believe. We propose a theory-based framework to analyze the effects of e-commerce firms’ internationalization rhythm and speed on their sales growth. Importantly, we apply multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions to provide insights into the role of institutional moderators, i.e., regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive distances. We use data from 228 e-commerce firms that are operating Europe’s leading online shops and 1702 market entries over 21 years. The results show that e-commerce firms exhibit stronger growth due to their irregular and fast internationalization process. However, this relationship changes depending on certain institutional distances, and different explanations regarding country-specific variances are provided. The findings have direct implications for managers interested in how online internationalization processes affect firm growth in light of the differing degrees of cross-country contextual differences among common institutions.
  PubDate: 2022-05-20
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00463-4
The Effects of Timing and Order of Government Support Mechanisms for SME
Exports
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  Abstract: Abstract When small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) enter export markets, they face liabilities of smallness and foreignness. Their chances of success increase if they receive some support. Thus, many governments provide some export support for SMEs having realized that success in exports helps firm success and creates positive spillovers. We test the efficacy of three such support mechanisms: support for strategic export planning, support for trade fair participation and participation in ministerial visits and compare their relative results in various “time dimensions” (Jones & Coviello, J Int Bus Stud 36(3):284–303, 2005). Unlike past studies, we go beyond testing the effect of one support mechanism and compare the effect of the above different support mechanisms. We also show the importance of considering different dimensions of time – chronological “clock” time, “stopwatch” reference time, time sequence, and effect length time. We found evidence for the benefit of receiving multiple support mechanisms and we explored the sequence of receiving multiple support mechanisms. More specifically, our results suggest that exports are best facilitated by first receiving support to attend a trade fair, then developing an export plan; and then participating a ministerial visit abroad. Also, our study suggests that effect length is an important, previously ignored, dimension of time to consider. Empirically, hypotheses are tested on a longitudinal data set of Estonian SMEs receiving different types of government export support during 2009–2017. The data set was constructed from registry data covering the entire population of Estonian firms.
  PubDate: 2022-05-10
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00465-2
Acknowledgement to MIR Board Members and Ad hoc Reviewers
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  PubDate: 2022-04-27
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00468-z
Relationship Between Climate Risk and Physical and Organizational Capital
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  Abstract: Abstract We investigate the relationship between climate risk and corporate investment in physical and organizational capital using an international sample of firms from 39 countries. Our main findings show that climate risk is positively associated with physical capital but is negatively related to organizational capital. We also explore the effects of climate vulnerability on these relationships and find that the positive relationship between climate risk and physical capital is mainly driven by climate-nonvulnerable industries, while the negative relationship between climate risk and organizational capital is principally driven by climate-vulnerable industries. Overall, our findings have significant implications for both domestic and multinational enterprises that engage in long-term investments against the background of climate change.
  PubDate: 2022-04-26
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-022-00467-0