JournalTOCs

Management International Review
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.095

Citation Impact (citeScore): 3
Number of Followers: 7

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1861-8901 - ISSN (Online) 0938-8249
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2469 journals]

Accelerated Internationalization Among Inexperienced Digital
Entrepreneurs: Toward a Holistic Entrepreneurial Decision-Making Model
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  Abstract: Abstract This study explores accelerated internationalization among inexperienced digital entrepreneurs who lack resources such as prior experience, knowledge, and networks, which previous research regards as prerequisites for such growth. Following an in-depth qualitative research methodology, the findings reveal three theoretical mechanisms through which inexperienced entrepreneurs can make international commitment decisions with regard to the internationalization of their digital firms. The first is a novel mindset-based approach through which an entrepreneur can make an affective commitment to the international stakeholders within a digital community. Entrepreneurs do that by applying pull-based tools in digital communication to build interest among potential network contacts. The second mechanism is a means-based approach following effectuation logic resulting in an effectual form of commitment to international stakeholders in the digital community. The mechanism relies on applying push-based tools for digital communication to facilitate interactions with known network contacts. The third mechanism is continuance commitment to international business that entrepreneurs can foster over time in tandem with accumulated international experiential knowledge. This research provides an entrepreneurial decision-making model that extends effectuation theory and integrates it with extant research. The resulting holistic entrepreneurial decision-making model explains the accelerated internationalization of digital firms.
  PubDate: 2022-05-20
Effects of Internationalization Rhythm and Speed on E-Commerce Firms’
Growth and the Role of Institutional Distances
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  Abstract: Abstract In an increasingly digitalizing economy, e-commerce firms are known to internationalize faster and more irregularly than offline firms. However, it is important to analyze how e-commerce firms benefit from time-based internationalization decisions and whether they are still limited by institutional distances that are said to lose relevance, which we do not believe. We propose a theory-based framework to analyze the effects of e-commerce firms’ internationalization rhythm and speed on their sales growth. Importantly, we apply multilevel modeling with cross-level interactions to provide insights into the role of institutional moderators, i.e., regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive distances. We use data from 228 e-commerce firms that are operating Europe’s leading online shops and 1702 market entries over 21 years. The results show that e-commerce firms exhibit stronger growth due to their irregular and fast internationalization process. However, this relationship changes depending on certain institutional distances, and different explanations regarding country-specific variances are provided. The findings have direct implications for managers interested in how online internationalization processes affect firm growth in light of the differing degrees of cross-country contextual differences among common institutions.
  PubDate: 2022-05-20
The Effects of Timing and Order of Government Support Mechanisms for SME
Exports
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  Abstract: Abstract When small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) enter export markets, they face liabilities of smallness and foreignness. Their chances of success increase if they receive some support. Thus, many governments provide some export support for SMEs having realized that success in exports helps firm success and creates positive spillovers. We test the efficacy of three such support mechanisms: support for strategic export planning, support for trade fair participation and participation in ministerial visits and compare their relative results in various “time dimensions” (Jones & Coviello, J Int Bus Stud 36(3):284–303, 2005). Unlike past studies, we go beyond testing the effect of one support mechanism and compare the effect of the above different support mechanisms. We also show the importance of considering different dimensions of time – chronological “clock” time, “stopwatch” reference time, time sequence, and effect length time. We found evidence for the benefit of receiving multiple support mechanisms and we explored the sequence of receiving multiple support mechanisms. More specifically, our results suggest that exports are best facilitated by first receiving support to attend a trade fair, then developing an export plan; and then participating a ministerial visit abroad. Also, our study suggests that effect length is an important, previously ignored, dimension of time to consider. Empirically, hypotheses are tested on a longitudinal data set of Estonian SMEs receiving different types of government export support during 2009–2017. The data set was constructed from registry data covering the entire population of Estonian firms.
  PubDate: 2022-05-10
Acknowledgement to MIR Board Members and Ad hoc Reviewers
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  PubDate: 2022-04-27
Relationship Between Climate Risk and Physical and Organizational Capital
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  Abstract: Abstract We investigate the relationship between climate risk and corporate investment in physical and organizational capital using an international sample of firms from 39 countries. Our main findings show that climate risk is positively associated with physical capital but is negatively related to organizational capital. We also explore the effects of climate vulnerability on these relationships and find that the positive relationship between climate risk and physical capital is mainly driven by climate-nonvulnerable industries, while the negative relationship between climate risk and organizational capital is principally driven by climate-vulnerable industries. Overall, our findings have significant implications for both domestic and multinational enterprises that engage in long-term investments against the background of climate change.
  PubDate: 2022-04-26
Turning the Tables: The Relationship Between Performance and
Multinationality
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  Abstract: Abstract The abundant research on the multinationality-performance relationship has yet to provide cohesive findings concerning the nature and shape of the relationship. This paper joins a small, but growing body of research considering the effect of performance on multinationality. Drawing on resource-based theory and prospect theory, the authors develop competing hypotheses for the impact of performance on multinationality. Using non-linear ordinary least squares regression on unbalanced panel data for 2066 firm-year observations of Swedish publicly listed firms over 12 years, the authors find strong support for a positive U-shaped relationship. The foremost contribution is that performance drives internationalization, much more than vice versa. The model for the traditional causal direction from multinationality to performance explains less than half the variance, has marginal significance on key variables, and has an illogical outcome. Another contribution is how risk-taking attitudes, in accordance with prospect theory, explain a high level of internationalization when performance is negative. As performance rises towards zero, internationalization drops to an inflection point, where in accordance with resource-based theory, the degree of internationalization begins rising. This debunks the prevalent view that internationalization is contingent upon positive performance and abundant resources.
  PubDate: 2022-04-06
Subsidiary Agency in Gender Equality Practice Implementation: The Case of
Korean MNE Subsidiaries in Sweden
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  Abstract: Abstract Focusing on contextualized understandings of institutional distance and subsidiary agency, in this article I explore how multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries address gender equality in the workplace. In particular, this study analyzes the strategic responses of three Korean MNE subsidiaries in Sweden to examine the extent to which they exercise agency over gender equality issues within specific institutional environment. In Swedish institutional environment, there is high demand for subsidiaries to develop gender-balanced organizational cultures and practices. As a result, Korean subsidiaries may actively consider promoting a more gender-equal working environment to gain local legitimacy, or they may retain their home country’s practices and avoid such pressures. The analysis shows that the subsidiaries’ perceptions of institutional distance and the organizational conditions in which subsidiaries are embedded shape their agency (strategic responses) and co-evolve with host institutions. I thus contribute to existing MNE agency literature by highlighting subsidiaries’ agency building process regarding gender equality issues.
  PubDate: 2022-04-06
The Role of Outward FDI in Creating Korean Global Factories
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  Abstract: Abstract This study examines Korean foreign direct investment (FDI) in the context of the organization and development of local firms into global factories. Specifically, we explore the relationship between FDI decisions and the nature of Korea’s imported and exported goods. We argue that the global factory approach explains the mechanisms by which FDI can lead to technological upgrading. We employ a unique dataset that incorporates information on FDI motive from South Korea, as well as the unit value of traded goods within sectors. Our findings indicate that FDI location and motive vary by trade destinations and trade unit prices; something that has not received attention in existing literature.
  PubDate: 2022-04-06
Do Environmental Policies Affect MNEs’ Foreign Subsidiary
Investments' An Empirical Investigation
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  Abstract: Abstract We build on institutional theory to examine the impact of countries’ environmental policies on MNEs’ foreign subsidiary investments. We extend prior IB research that finds both positive and negative associations between environmental policies and MNE investments by showing that the relationship between environmental policy and MNE subsidiary investments is mediated by the effectiveness with which host countries enforce these policies. Specifically, we posit that environmental policies are effective when countries align them with tangible institutional outcomes such as actual reductions in emissions or increases in renewable energy production. This reduces uncertainty by providing a reliable and efficient framework for economic transactions. We test our arguments on a sample of 882 public US firms and their subsidiaries in 102 countries from 2000 to 2015, in conjunction with the Kyoto Protocol. We find that ratifying the Kyoto Protocol is associated with reductions in countries’ emission levels and increased reliance on renewables. Further, increased reliance on renewables positively mediates the relationship between the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol and MNEs foreign subsidiary investments. For host countries, this relationship is stronger when there are greater improvements in institutions’ quality. For MNEs, this relation is weaker for those MNEs associated with higher pollution. We find no such relationships for greenhouse gas emissions. Our findings contribute to the growing IB literature on environmental sustainability by highlighting the importance of effective institutions and their interaction with country- and firm-level heterogeneities.
  PubDate: 2022-03-04
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00458-7
International Diversification and MNE Innovativeness: A Contingency
Perspective of Foreign Subsidiary Portfolio Characteristics
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  Abstract: Abstract We advance research on how international diversification affects MNEs’ innovativeness by reconciling contradictory views on the role of international diversification for innovation. We do so by developing a portfolio perspective of MNE innovation that moves beyond foreign R&D subsidiaries to consider firms’ entire international footprints and by theorizing that MNE innovativeness depends on the interplay of geographical (i.e., regional diversification and institutional distance) and organizational (i.e., asset diversification and functional mandate breadth) characteristics of the foreign subsidiary portfolio. We test our proposed relationships on a unique multi-source panel dataset of Japanese listed electronics firms (266 firms and their 4505 subsidiaries between 2007 and 2015 resulting in 1936 firm-year observations and 28,350 subsidiary-year observations). We find that the institutional distance and asset diversification of the foreign subsidiary portfolio constrain the extent to which geographical (regional) diversification can enhance MNEs innovativeness. We also find that, at high levels of geographical diversification, MNEs with low levels of institutional distance and asset diversification in the foreign subsidiary portfolio tend to achieve higher innovativeness. Lastly, we did not find empirical support for functional mandate breadth as affecting how geographical diversification influences MNE innovativeness. Overall, the study highlights that, for a nuanced understanding of MNE innovativeness, managers need an encompassing and deliberate portfolio-level strategy that explicitly considers the interrelatedness of geographical and organizational characteristics.
  PubDate: 2022-02-04
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00460-z
The Impact of Domestic CSR on the Internationalisation of Emerging-Market
Multinational Enterprises: Evidence from India
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  Abstract: Abstract Emerging-market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) are, on the one hand, investing in both developed and developing countries aggressively. On the other hand, they are facing greater pressures from their home and host countries to operate in a socially responsible manner. In this paper, combining institutional theory with strategic perspectives on corporate social responsibility (CSR), we argue that EMNEs spending on CSR more intensively in their domestic context are likely to have a greater scope of internationalisation. We also argue that this effect decreases for government-owned EMNEs and increases when EMNEs target developed host markets or institutionally stronger emerging markets. Our data used to test our hypotheses are based on a sample of 686 Indian firms. Our findings provide support for most of our arguments, and we contribute to a greater understanding of the relationship between CSR and internationalisation.
  PubDate: 2022-01-27
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00455-w
Competitive Advantages in a Hostile, Regulated Environment: Four
Multinational Banks in India
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  Abstract: Abstract International business literature has historically been divided between scholars exploring the local obstacles foreign firms face (thereby overlooking foreign firms’ capacity to deploy advantages locally) and those examining the internationalisation of firm-specific advantages (thereby overlooking the peculiarities of the local context in which foreign firms deploy their advantages). We still do not completely understand the process by which multinational enterprises (MNEs) – especially service MNEs – develop competitive advantages in relation to the host environment. Using a multiple-case study of four multinational banking subsidiaries in India, this research aims to explore the variety of competitive advantages deployed by foreign multinational banks (MNBs) in a hostile, competitive environment: the Indian banking industry. This article’s main contribution is to bridge the gap between the obstacle-oriented internationalisation literature and the advantage-oriented literature through an exploration and comparison of a comprehensive set of locally relevant advantages deployed by the four MNBs studied. We introduce the concepts of global anchoring and local anchoring to make sense of the directionality of subsidiaries’ competitive advantages, and we explore their broad associations with subsidiaries’ commercial and financial performance. We conclude by discussing three theoretical lenses, situated at the intersection of the obstacle-oriented and advantage-oriented literatures, which can potentially account for the origins of competitive advantages in our sample, and we develop a series of propositions for future research.
  PubDate: 2022-01-18
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00459-6
R&D and Foreign Subsidiary Performance at or Below the Technology
Frontier
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  Abstract: Abstract We examine the effect of R&D on foreign subsidiaries’ productivity performance. We argue that both local R&D expenditures in the subsidiary and R&D conducted in the wider network of the multinational enterprise (MNE) for the subsidiary improve productivity but that their respective roles depend on whether the host country of the subsidiary is at or below the global technology frontier. Local R&D is more effective if the host country is at the frontier, while R&D conducted in the MNE network is more effective if the host country is behind the frontier. In the latter case, both types of R&D are complementary and reinforce each other’s effect on productivity performance. We test hypotheses on fine-grained longitudinal micro data on affiliate productivity and R&D investments. We estimate dynamic productivity models controlling for endogeneity and allowing for declining returns to R&D and productivity convergence.
  PubDate: 2022-01-06
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00456-9
Strategic Responses to Institutional Voids (Rationalization, Aggression,
and Defensiveness): Institutional Complementarity and Why the Home Country
Matters
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  Abstract: Abstract We seek to understand how the strategic responses of firms to institutional voids are affected by their home countries’ institutional contexts. It adopts an exploratory, multiple case studies approach examining the responses of advanced and emerging multinational enterprises, and local firms in two African countries which are characterized by such voids, namely the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zimbabwe. Our research suggests that firms’ strategic responses to institutional voids in emerging or developing markets are affected by the home country’s institutional environment and firms’ experiences and advantages arising from that home context. Firms adopt strategic responses which reflect their respective advantages and this results in diverse approaches based on the interplay between capitalizing upon internal resources and institutional know-how. For some firms this may result in a defensive strategic response, whilst for others opportunistic and aggressive agility, or rationalization and reconciliation may manifest. We demonstrate differences between advanced and emerging multinational enterprises and domestic firms covering the spectrum between institutional outsiders and insiders. We emphasize the contextual nature of these strategic responses and argue that this requires integrating both a resource and institution-based analysis of firms’ underlying advantages and how they are able to leverage off these advantages in institutionally voided environments. Practical implications arise for doing business in emerging and developing markets.
  PubDate: 2021-12-15
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00457-8
Research Published in Management International Review from 2006 to 2020: A
Bibliometric Analysis and Future Directions
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  Abstract: Abstract The Management International Review (MIR) celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2020. In commemoration of this event, we use a bibliometric analysis to present a retrospective on the journal by analyzing its content for the years between 2006 and 2020. We find that the collaboration culture in MIR has risen over time with the increase in the median size of author teams. Moreover, the collaboration network has become more global over time. The methodology used in the journal is predominantly empirical and quantitative with archival data sources most commonly used. The bibliographic coupling of the MIR corpus reveals that the major themes in the journal revolve around “culture,” “emerging economies,” “innovation, knowledge transfer, and absorptive capacity,” “internationalization process,” “culture and entry modes,” and “internationalization and performance.” A comparison with other leading international business journals provides distinct pathways in which MIR may continue to grow. Finally, it is important to note that while the share of conceptual studies has decreased significantly in the last 15 years, the MIR editors want to see more novel and theoretically grounded conceptual articles in the journal.
  PubDate: 2021-10-13
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00454-x
The Internationalization and Voluntary Adoption of International
Accounting Standards by Japanese MNEs
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  Abstract: Abstract This study investigates the relationship between the degree of a company’s internationalization and the voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and US Generally Accepted Accounting Practices (GAAP) based on an analysis of Japanese multinational enterprises (MNEs). Our research is based on a unique setting, namely, the co-existence of voluntary IFRS and US GAAP, which began in Japanese corporations after March 2010. We find as follows. First, voluntary IFRS and US GAAP adoption is higher in Japanese MNEs with a higher internationalization degree. Second, greater foreign shareholding of Japanese MNEs would result in voluntary US GAAP adoption rather than that of IFRS. This result implies that foreign shareholders prefer US GAAP adoption over IFRS adoption or Japanese GAAP. Under a semi-globalization perspective, Japanese MNEs tend to have a US region-specific approach. This finding is interpreted as follows: foreign shareholders with shareholder-oriented logics stress the compatibility of financial reporting of MNEs with a US region-specific approach. Our study also provides new insight into international accounting standards of MNEs under stakeholder-oriented corporate governance. Corporate governance deviation, such as US GAAP adoption, is caused by greater presence of foreign shareholders with shareholder-oriented logics.
  PubDate: 2021-10-07
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00452-z
Emerging Economy Inward and Outward Foreign Direct Investment: A
Bibliometric and Thematic Content Analysis
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  Abstract: Abstract Research examining emerging economy inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) flows is on a significant upward trajectory. In this bibliometric analysis covering 806 articles published between 1994 and 2019, we map key aspects of its contours. Our analysis proceeds in two sequential phases involving a performance analysis, followed by a thematic analysis. Our performance analysis unveils fundamental elements of the structure of the knowledge base. Our subsequent thematic analysis identifies three focal topics arising from identifiable shared qualities characterizing this literature. Firstly, we distinguish scholarship focused on inward FDI into emerging economies formed by two particular classes, namely ‘innovative FDI’ and ‘capital flows’. Our second theme covers outward FDI from these emerging economies and also comprises two specific classes referring to the ‘institutional environment’ and the ‘theoretical framework deployed’. Our final theme relates to an integrated body of knowledge explicating aspects of the location choice decision. Building on this analysis, we isolate a number of opportunities for future research.
  PubDate: 2021-09-16
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00448-9
Endorsement of Global Product Brands by Global Corporate Brands – A
Consumer Perspective Across Nations
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  Abstract: Abstract Many multinational corporations use their corporate brand to endorse their products but thereby attract international consumers differently. Therefore, it is important to analyze whether corporations profit from endorsed branding strategies across nations or whether they must rely on country-specific factors. The authors propose a theory-based framework and apply multilevel mediation structural equation modeling with cross-level interactions to analyze the typical direct and indirect effects of global corporate brand image and global product brand image on product purchase intention across nations. The authors rely on hierarchical data from 7660 consumer evaluations of a multinational corporation’s global corporate and product brands in 35 countries. Importantly, the results provide insights into country-specific moderators, i.e., the degree of country development and national culture, and the respective country portfolio. They further contribute to the application of theory and show a positive indirect effect of global corporate brand image on product purchase intention via global product brand image across nations. Additionally, a positive, although weaker, direct effect of global corporate brand image on product purchase intention is found. However, the degree of country development and national culture moderate both effects differently. This study provides new theoretical implications and shows that a country portfolio offers concrete hints for managers.
  PubDate: 2021-08-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00450-1
Achieving the Paradox of Concurrent Internationalization Speed:
Internationalizing Rapidly in Both Breadth and Depth
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  Abstract: Abstract In this paper, we draw on the notions of breadth and depth of internationalization speed in an attempt to examine the performance implications for multinational enterprises (MNEs) that rapidly and concurrently internationalize in new and existing foreign markets. Specifically, we examine the organizational paradox which suggests that firms which grow internationally by concurrently expanding rapidly in both new foreign markets (breadth) and in foreign markets they currently operate (depth), are better off than firms which do not adopt such an approach. Since past research has not examined the interaction between the breadth and depth of MNE internationalization speed on firm performance, we contribute to the temporal dimension of the internationalization process by developing a novel, yet paradoxical approach. Our analysis is based on a longitudinal sample of the world’s largest retail MNEs covering the period 2003–2012, which includes the 2008 financial crisis that had a significant effect on the global economy. We find that concurrent internationalization speed positively relates to firm performance during periods of stability. Further, we draw from the upper-echelons theory and find that the aforementioned relationship can be strengthened by the level of CEO international experience and CEO education.
  PubDate: 2021-08-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00453-y
Is Internationalization Beneficial to Innovation' Evidence from a
Meta-analysis
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  Abstract: Abstract This paper conducts a meta-analytical review to examine the impact of internationalization on innovation, with particular attention to the role of research design factors that may confound causal inferences. The existing literature is examined (1) to determine the average effect of internationalization on innovation and (2) to assess how variations in key aspects of research design has affected results. Analysis of 99 studies reveals that the effects of internationalization on innovation are diverse but are generally positive, albeit the effect sizes are mostly small to moderate. The inferred magnitude of such effects is influenced by research design factors and that country-context matters. The results suggest that internationalization measurements, data characteristics and statistical artifacts affect the variations in effect sizes. We conclude with a discussion of opportunities and challenges in future research on the internationalization-innovation nexus.
  PubDate: 2021-08-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s11575-021-00451-0