JournalTOCs

Journal of International Entrepreneurship
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.57

Citation Impact (citeScore): 2
Number of Followers: 11

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1573-7349 - ISSN (Online) 1570-7385
Published by Springer-Verlag

[2468 journals]

Start-ups as suppliers: Toward a new framework for understanding the role
of innovative firms in supply chains
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  Abstract: Abstract Start-ups, characterised by their innovation and agility, are emerging as transformative suppliers in global supply chains. Their ability to rapidly adapt to market changes and introduce disruptive technologies positions them as pivotal supply chain competitiveness and resilience enablers. This study develops a comprehensive theoretical framework to understand the dynamics of start-up integration into supply chains, addressing their dual role as drivers of innovation and sources of risk. The research identifies critical antecedents, strategies, and outcomes that define successful collaborations by synthesising insights from supply chain management, entrepreneurship, and innovation theories. The findings highlight that start-ups enhance supply chain agility, flexibility, and innovation but face resource constraints and power imbalances. Proposed strategies, such as structured engagement programmes and trust-building mechanisms, enable effective integration, fostering mutual value creation. The study also outlines propositions for future research, emphasising the need for context-specific strategies and longitudinal analyses to refine the theoretical framework further. This study provides actionable insights for managers and policymakers to leverage start-ups for competitive advantage while mitigating associated risks.
  PubDate: 2025-02-12
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00378-9
Decoding sustainable entrepreneurship current research and future
direction through application of machine learning-based structured topic
modeling on intellectual corpus
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  Abstract: Abstract This study leverages structured topic modeling (STM) to decode the expansive intellectual corpus on sustainable entrepreneurship, utilizing a dataset of 363 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus over a decade. Focused on “sustainable entrepreneurship” and related terms, the STM method integrated document-specific metadata to enhance the analysis of thematic developments. The findings revealed ten distinct topics, such as innovation in firm performance, sustainability in business models, and the role of education in sustainable intentions, highlighting the interplay between these themes and their evolution. This research identifies key thematic areas and examines the influence of source titles and publication years on topic prevalence, indicating shifts in academic focus and identifying emerging trends. The study’s implications suggest integrating sustainability into core business and educational strategies, enhancing the understanding of sustainable entrepreneurship’s dynamic nature, and providing a foundation for future scholarly and practical efforts.
  PubDate: 2025-02-03
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00387-8
Driving innovation performance: Exploring the mediating role of knowledge
sharing in telecommunication companies
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  Abstract: Abstract Innovation is crucial in enhancing business products and processes and improving overall business performance. While several studies have explored the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and innovation performance within various firms, a notable gap exists regarding its influence in emerging economies. This paper addresses this gap by developing a theoretical framework based on entrepreneurial orientation theory, focusing on the impact of its antecedents and the mediating role of knowledge sharing on innovation performance, specifically within telecommunication firms in Jordan. To achieve this, data were collected from national telecommunication firms in Jordan through 215 online questionnaires, which were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that proactiveness and risk-taking significantly influence knowledge sharing, whereas innovativeness does not. Additionally, while innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking positively impact innovation performance in these firms, knowledge sharing mediates the relationships between proactiveness, risk-taking, and innovation performance but does not mediate the relationship between innovativeness and innovation performance. These insights underscore the importance of fostering innovation for designing new products and services and enhancing knowledge sharing across business units. This study offers significant theoretical contributions by elucidating the dynamics of entrepreneurial orientation in an emerging market context. It provides practical implications for managers seeking to enhance innovation performance through effective knowledge management strategies.
  PubDate: 2025-01-25
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00383-y
Values of the entrepreneur as a driver of sustainable tourism
entrepreneurship
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  Abstract: Abstract The aim of this research is to understand the relationship between sustainability and entrepreneurship of small tourism enterprises in an area of high environmental value (tourist environment) which has been threatened in different ways (e.g., COVID-19, tourist pressure, natural phenomena, pollution, etc.), considering the mediating effect of the values of the entrepreneur and the tourist environment. This is a quantitative study, using a multivariate second-order hierarchical component model. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used for the analysis. The results indicate that sustainability alone is not sufficient for entrepreneurship. However, if sustainability is mediated by the values of the entrepreneur and the tourism environment, it does have a positive impact on entrepreneurship. Furthermore, these variables have a positive effect on entrepreneurship, therefore these values of the entrepreneur are revealed as a driver of a sustainable economic model. This work has significant implications for decision-making regarding the importance of sustainable entrepreneurship in an environmentally threatened coastal area. It is recommended that tourism companies invest in sustainable tourism actions to preserve the local environment because of its positive influence on stakeholders. This research fills a gap in the literature on the relationship between sustainability, entrepreneur values, environment and entrepreneurship. It highlights the importance of context-specific contingencies for sustainability and the impact of entrepreneurship. The study provides a novel framework for understanding the process of social change towards sustainable tourism led by the entrepreneur and his or her values. The study is limited to a very specific area of high ecological value, so we consider that it can be extrapolated to similar areas.
  PubDate: 2025-01-24
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00381-0
The entrepreneurial intentions of graduate students in the natural
sciences: Evidence from Japan and Korea
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  Abstract: Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Japanese and Korean cultural background on the entrepreneurial intentions of graduate students majoring in natural science fields. We surveyed 298 graduate students from two Japanese and two Korean universities and used a variation of the Theory of Planned Behavior to analyze the effect of various factors on respondents’ intentions to launch a startup in the future. We found that attitude had a positive impact on Japanese graduate students’ entrepreneurial intentions, while attitude and the personality trait of innovation had a positive impact on Korean graduate students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Our results suggest that university entrepreneurship education does not influence graduate students' entrepreneurial intentions in either Japan or Korea, pointing to a need for more effective entrepreneurship education for graduate students in the natural sciences. Based on the results of this study, we propose measures that would make entrepreneurship education more effective in Japan and Korea by taking attitude, personality traits, and cultural factors into account.
  PubDate: 2025-01-22
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00377-w
Innovation and its implications for value creation in the moroccan social
entrepreneurship landscape: an exploratory phenomenological study
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  Abstract: Abstract Morocco faces various challenges, including environmental degradation, unemployment, and poverty. Social enterprises are positioned to address this because they solve social and environmental challenges through innovative solutions while producing economic and social values. Previous studies have identified innovation as an objective of most social enterprises, as it enables innovative solutions to manage challenging social problems, from community development to social exclusion, unemployment, and poverty reduction. Despite interest in innovation, few studies have considered its value in social entrepreneurship, making the field unclear and vague. Social problems are complex and multifaceted; no single innovative solution can solve them. This study aims to understand the implications of innovation in creating value in social enterprises. This study presents a qualitative analysis of social enterprises in Morocco and sheds light on the implications of innovation in creating value in social entrepreneurship. This qualitative analysis is based on interpretative phenomenological research to understand and explore the implications of innovation in social entrepreneurship because the essence of entrepreneurship emerges from real and true entrepreneurs who have lived experiences. The results show that innovation does not require advanced technology, knowledge, or investment. However, innovation based on simplicity, usability, and product standardization can lead to value creation. In other words, social enterprise innovation can increase value creation by focusing on product simplicity, usability, and standardization. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that the innovation of social enterprises does not require huge investments and can be a resource-saving innovation and that the choice of simplifying, standardizing, and improving the usability of products may impact this relation.
  PubDate: 2025-01-22
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00375-y
Internationalisation patterns of academic spin-offs
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  Abstract: Abstract The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to analyse the international behaviour of academic spin-offs to explore the internationalisation patterns followed by these companies, considering precocity, scale, and scope as the key dimensions of the internationalisation process. The second objective is to discern whether academic spin-offs that follow different patterns present distinctive characteristics. To test the hypotheses, a cluster analysis, a series of ANOVA analyses of variance and post hoc tests were performed on a sample of 161 Spanish academic spin-offs. Results show that 49% of these firms do not internationalise and that three patterns of internationalisation exist in academic spin-offs: true born global, sporadic born global, and born again global. On the other hand, the results also reveal distinctive antecedent factors among the different internationalisation patterns. Thus, international industrial networks and management team functional heterogeneity are more relevant in academic spin-offs that follow the true born global and the born again global patterns, while global technological competence is significant for all three internationalisation patterns, and international academic networks present minor importance for the internationalisation process developed by academic spin-offs.
  PubDate: 2025-01-21
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00373-0
Illuminating pandemic shadows: Digital financial capability and
sustainable entrepreneurship across developed and emerging economies
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  Abstract: Abstract This study examines how digital financial capability (DFC) impacts sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) with dynamic capabilities across 100 nations encompassing 64 developing and 36 advanced countries, during the period 2011–2022. This study used a wide range of variables to construct DFC and SE indices. A Difference-in-Hansen Analysis of Two-Step System-Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM) model was used, and it was proved using Driscoll-Kraay standard error (D-K) regression-fixed effect. The findings demonstrate that DFC has a positive significant relationship with SE across the globe including both developed and developing economies. As control factors, market dynamics, government policies, and trade openness are used. Additionally, COVID-19 as a dummy time-effect is considered a shock-wave. Market dynamics have a significant positive influence on SE. However, trade openness and COVID-19 have adversely affected SE globally. The findings exhibit variations between advanced and developing countries due to differences in policies and market conditions. The research supports the ecological theory’s applicability to sustainable business initiatives and DFC. These outcomes are beneficial for entrepreneurs, governments, and policymakers as they need the transformative power of digital finance to promote innovation, economic development, and sustainability across diverse economies.
  PubDate: 2025-01-20
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00380-1
The impact of firm characteristics on export barriers: The Algerian case
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  Abstract: Abstract This study aims to analyze and identify the impact of various firm-specific characteristics on their perceptions of export barriers. Specifically, it evaluates the relationship between firm size, age, legal form, ownership structure, and export barriers of Algerian firms toward African destinations, in a double crisis context (Algerian Hirak and COVID-19). During the first part of 2020, an email questionnaire was sent to 700 Algerian enterprises involved in exports. The data was subjected to multiple regression analysis for analysis. The findings indicate that the perception of obstacles to exporting is impacted by the age and size of the firm. The association between export barriers and ownership structure and legal form was shown to be statistically significant. There is a paucity of research examining the impact of firm characteristics on export barriers, as existing studies mostly focus on the association between firm characteristics and export performance, with a predominant emphasis on developed countries. Therefore, this research makes a valuable contribution to the existing body of knowledge about the relationship between firm characteristics and export restrictions. It achieves this by conducting an analysis specifically focused on Algerian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), thereby offering significant policy implications. In a similar vein, it is recommended that public authorities direct targeted export program initiatives at small and very small enterprises, as well as private- and mixed-owned firms, including those operating under the legal structure of a Joint Stock Company. Furthermore, it is imperative for executive managers to consider the findings of the present study to adapt their export strategies and overcome the export barriers to African destinations.
  PubDate: 2025-01-20
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-025-00376-x
The determinants of attitudes towards entrepreneurial risks in the
Moroccan context: A PLS structural equation modeling
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  Abstract: Abstract In a globally unstable economic context, exacerbated by the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international job market and further intensified by the military conflict in Ukraine, the unemployment rate among young graduates has reached alarming levels. This research aims to study empirically the attitude towards risk in entrepreneurship in the Moroccan context. Using structural equation modeling under the PLS approach, we propose a theoretical model including five exogenous variables (constraints, education, social environment, experiences, and motivations) explaining the attitude towards risk. The study was conducted among Moroccan PhD students at Cadi Ayyad University of Marrakech. Data collection was conducted by questionnaire with a sample of 153 PhD students. The results showed that the constraints and education of the PhD students do not impact their attitudes towards entrepreneurial risk, whereas this attitude is positively affected by students’ social environment, experiences, and motivations. Gender gap in attitude towards risk had been found in the impact of education on this attitude. The findings contribute to enrich the literature on entrepreneurial risks in the educational context.
  PubDate: 2025-01-09
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00367-4
Navigating the Impact of Green Innovation, Technological Linkages, and
Knowledge Management on Sustainable Performance of SMEs
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  Abstract: Abstract The sustainable performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is a critical global issue, particularly in light of climate change. This study explores how green innovation, technological linkages, and knowledge management contribute to the sustainable performance of SMEs, examining the mediating role of strategic change and the moderating role of government support. A total of 212 valid responses were collected via Google Forms and analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that green innovation, technological linkages, and knowledge management significantly enhance the sustainable performance of SMEs. Strategic change was found to mediate this relationship, while government support did not exhibit a significant moderating effect. This study presents a novel approach to enhancing SME performance through sustainable practices and emphasizes its theoretical and practical implications, along with limitations and future research directions.
  PubDate: 2025-01-03
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00371-8
Do labour productivity, capital productivity and education influence the
technical efficiency of entrepreneurial outcomes' Evidence from europe
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  Abstract: Abstract The differences in Labour and Capital Productivity and Education in Europe were used to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of technical efficiency of entrepreneurship activities and new firm creation. For this purpose, two distinct methodologies were used: a non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and a parametric Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Firstly, to obtain the ranking for assessing entrepreneurship efficiency, two outputs (birth rate and total early-stage entrepreneurial activity) were combined, and four inputs (long-term unemployment rate, household disposable income ratio S80/S20; young people neither in employment nor in education or training and employment rate of recent graduates) were applied. In the second step, two estimators were used to examine the effect of capital productivity, labour productivity, non-qualified labour, and population share of education on the technical efficiency score of entrepreneurial outcomes. The estimators were the Tobit regression, including random effects and mixed effects models, and the quantile regression model. The results for technical efficiency in the first step reveal that during 2008–2014 and after this period, 2015–2019, the European countries of Lithuania, Estonia and the Netherlands present the highest efficiency scores according to the DEA-CRS model. Applying the SFA technique, Belgium, Germany, and Malta show the highest levels of inefficiency during both periods of financial crisis. The second stage results demonstrate that there was a negative and significant effect of capital productivity on the efficiency scores of entrepreneurial outcomes in the periods of financial crises. This statistical evidence mirrors the observed decrease in average EU investments in fixed capital, structural changes in the labour market, and structural changes in education level in the active and inactive population, particularly in countries with economic growth, during the sub-periods between 2008 and 2019 under consideration.
  PubDate: 2024-12-10
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00366-5
Challenges faced by minority technology entrepreneurs—women IT
entrepreneurs in south africa post-apartheid era
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  Abstract: Abstract We explore the challenges women technology entrepreneurs face in South Africa and the role of institutions and societies in contributing to and overcoming these challenges through the lens of Institutional theory. Focusing on IT as a masculine-labelled niche and women as a minority, this study evaluates the impacts of cognitive culture, normative factors, regulatory factors and individual factors on women in IT entrepreneurship. We believe the outcomes of this study provide an example of how reforms impact the backbone of every economy—entrepreneurship, especially in an era where IT has reduced, if not removed, business entry barriers.
  PubDate: 2024-11-07
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00364-7
International entrepreneurship as a dynamic capability in new ventures:
Defining the concept and identifying its antecedents and outcomes through
a systematic literature review
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  Abstract: Abstract The literature on international entrepreneurship has devoted much attention to new or young firms. The dynamic capabilities framework has been often chosen to explain the internationalization of companies early in their life. However, the interpretations of the concept of dynamic capabilities are different and sometimes inconsistent. Furthermore, the application of the framework to the field of international entrepreneurship in young firms has sometimes generated ambiguity. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the published research on the topic and synthesize it into a coherent framework that serves as a guide for researchers. To do this, we systematically analyzed 75 articles published in peer reviewed journals. The study produced a definition of international entrepreneurship capability, understood as a higher order dynamic capability, in early internationalizing firms. We have also identified the lower-order capabilities that constitute it, as well as its antecedents and main outcomes. The article concludes with an agenda for future research.
  PubDate: 2024-11-04
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00368-3
Demystifying the ambidextrous internationalization of firms: A multiple
case study in the pharmaceutical industry of an emerging economy in
turbulent environment
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  Abstract: Abstract Being ambidextrous in the internationalization pathways can help a firm overcome the complex dynamics in a foreign environment. But the extant research into exploring ambidexterity in internationalization in a crisis environment like the COVID-19 context is limited. The main objective of this research is to delineate how the pharmaceutical industry has made ambidextrous internationalization pathways during the COVID-19 transition period. Drawing upon the organizational ambidexterity and dynamic capability (DC) theory, this paper investigates how pharmaceutical companies adopt ambidexterity in internationalization. Four case studies along with a total of 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with pharmaceutical companies from Bangladesh, an emerging economy. Qualitative content analysis was done to derive the necessary codes and themes using MAXQDA software. From the inductive coding process, the study identified four facets of ambidextrous internationalization: structural ambidexterity, contextual ambidexterity, sequential ambidexterity, and innovation ambidexterity. Besides, the study unveiled several novel ambidexterity implementation approaches, such as adoption of causation and effectual logic, practice of institutional isomorphism, resource partnering, innovation orientation, resource recognition, capability to realign, experiential learning, and adoption of intrapreneurship culture. The study demonstrates how firms from an emerging economy adopted different ambidextrous approaches along with their implementation and resource allocation tactics for internationalizing businesses. Our study contributes to the firm internationalization literature by presenting how ambidextrous approaches can be leveraged while internationalizing within crisis environments.
  PubDate: 2024-11-01
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00365-6
Creditworthiness of sustainable firms. An empirical analysis of the
Italian Benefit Corporations
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  Abstract: Abstract In today’s society, there is a growing awareness of sustainability at the corporate level, where more and more companies are investing to meet social and ethical expectations. Companies are being asked to communicate the social impact of their operations and are key stakeholders in achieving sustainability goals, especially in developed countries. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, together with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors, have become critical to a company’s investors and represent important information for stakeholders seeking to be perceived as more trustworthy. To highlight the intangible value that resides in the logic of sustainability, Benefit Corporations, a new paradigm of for-profit companies that also pursue common benefit objectives, are increasingly emerging. An emblematic example of an alliance between business and community in pursuit of the common good is the Italian Società Benefit (SB), which formally guarantees a commitment to social and environmental audits through a synthesis of the best practices of ethical responsibility. Given these assumptions, and through the lens of signaling theory, this paper highlights the relationship between firms labeled as sustainability-oriented and their creditworthiness. The credibility of these firms is based on the recognition by funding providers of their role in sustainable development, which enhances their perceived creditworthiness and increases their funding options.
  PubDate: 2024-10-09
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00370-9
Internationalization pathways of sharing economy companies
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  Abstract: Abstract The past decade has seen a global surge of sharing economy companies (sharecoms) engaged in increasing cross-border activities. However, the process by which they internationalize remains under-theorized. Addressing this gap, we present new, empirically driven insights into how sharecoms expand internationally. Through a qualitative multi-case study investigation, we discover that sharecoms internationalize through a combination of passive and active means, allowing them to increase their scale and scope simultaneouly—a strategy that constrasts with the processes posited in existing internationalization literature. We identify three key internationalization patterns adopted by sharecoms: the Maximizer, the Optimizer, and the Penetrator. Additionally, we devise a framework of both theoretical relevance to scholars and practical relevance to sharecom founders and managers.
  PubDate: 2024-10-04
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00369-2
Determinants of business resilience: Investigating the roles of business
agility, digitalization, and environmental hostility during the COVID-19
pandemic
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  Abstract: Abstract Dynamic capabilities research has demonstrated that businesses must adapt to changes in order to survive. The COVID-19 pandemic has put firm resilience to the test. The present study uses the dynamic-capabilities theoretical framework to shed light on the determinants of business resilience. Results from a sample of 243 full-time managers and business owners demonstrate that more agile businesses are more likely to be resilient. In addition, environmental hostility positively moderates the relationship between agility and resilience, as it was stronger with a high environmental hostility and weaker with a low environmental hostility. Digitalization also showed a positive relationship with resilience. Likewise, evidence does not support the hypothesis that digitalization moderates the positive relationship between agility and resilience, i.e., that as engagement increases, the relationship becomes stronger, possibly due to the burnout effect of digitalization. Finally, implications and future research opportunities are presented.
  PubDate: 2024-09-07
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00357-6
Speed of the internationalisation process. The role of objective vs.
subjective perceptions of time
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  Abstract: Abstract Time is often neglected as a factor in international business research. In this paper, objective and subjective perspectives of time are incorporated into the study of speed of a firm's internationalisation process. The concept of speed is defined as the relationship between distance and time, and therefore we propose a theoretical framework that applies these two perspectives of time both to distance and to time, and differentiate between three levels of analysis: individual, organisational, and environmental. Our framework also incorporates two mediating constructs: learning speed and risk perception. Ten hypotheses are proposed that contribute towards a better understanding of the temporal dimension of the internationalisation process.
  PubDate: 2024-08-19
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00360-x
International entrepreneurial culture as a booster of early and rapid
internationalisation: A comparative study of Born Globals vs non-Born
Globals
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  Abstract: Abstract The literature demonstrates how Born Globals (BGs) make recourse to distinctive strategic intangible assets to accelerate their internationalisation processes while, nevertheless, broadly neglecting the role of International Entrepreneurial Culture (IEC) in generating and differentiating BGs despite its relevant role. This study examines the IEC as a driver of the early and rapid internationalisation of BGs and correspondingly seeks to capture the prevailing differences compared to non-Born Globals (non-BGs). Thus, we empirically tested and validated an IEC scale for a sample of 66 BGs and 102 non-BGs and deployed multivariate analysis techniques to identify the main differences among company profiles. The results reveal how BGs stand out from their peers in terms of autonomy (a dimension of the international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO)), international motivation, and international market orientation. Therefore, concentrating on developing these dimensions may return an effective means of boosting rapid and early internationalisation and thereby stand out from the competition. The remaining IEO dimensions, the international learning orientation and the international networking orientation were not relevant to this differentiating process. This research has important theoretical and practical implications, encouraging and guiding BG managers to adopt a strategic posture emphasising some particular IEC dimensions to differentiate themselves from their competitors and succeed in their early international involvement.
  PubDate: 2024-07-24
  DOI: 10.1007/s10843-024-00361-w

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