JournalTOCs

International Small Business Journal
Journal Prestige (SJR): 1.974

Citation Impact (citeScore): 4
Number of Followers: 12

Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 0266-2426 - ISSN (Online) 1741-2870
Published by Sage Publications

[1176 journals]

Revisiting the Entrepreneurial Society framework: A constructive critique
from a climate change perspective
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  Authors: Erik Lundmark, David B. Audretsch
  Pages: 396 - 415
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Volume 42, Issue 4, Page 396-415, June 2024.
  The Entrepreneurial Society framework occupies a central role not only in research but also in policy discourse. It highlights the important role of new ventures in instigating transformational change to meet new challenges. Yet, the framework was developed in an era when there were few reasons to fear shocks to society. The only shocks theorised were Schumpeterian and those were seen as desirable. This article revisits the Entrepreneurial Society from the perspective of climate change as a cause of shocks that need to be mitigated urgently. The article makes three important contributions to the entrepreneurship literature. First, it explicates contemporary views of the Entrepreneurial Society including contemporary critiques. Second, it outlines key conceptual challenges for the Entrepreneurial Society posed by climate change. Third, it suggests updates to the Entrepreneurial Society framework to strengthen its relevance in the face of climate change to channel entrepreneurial efforts towards a circular economy.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-06-24T12:10:49Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426231199417
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 4 (2024)
Start-ups and entrepreneurial ecosystems in the circular economy: A
multi-level approach for safe and just planetary boundaries
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  Authors: João J Ferreira, Ana Joana C Fernandes, Marcela Ramírez-Pasillas
  Pages: 416 - 445
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Volume 42, Issue 4, Page 416-445, June 2024.
  A circular economy (CE) addresses the shift in economic systems from an unsustainable linear approach to a sustainable circular approach through start-ups and entrepreneurial ecosystems (EE). A single level of focus on CE research limits an understanding of the mechanisms fostering a transition towards CE. We conduct a systematic review of the macro–meso–micro interconnections between start-ups and EE in CE using bibliometric and content analyses to scope the literature without time boundaries. This exercise led to 90 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. We contribute to literature on entrepreneurship and CE by building an integrative multi-level framework linked to the just and safe planetary boundaries by bridging macro-level explanations (public policies, regulations and infrastructure) and the meso-level (circular supply chains and circular ecosystems) and micro-level (circular start-ups and circular business models). The framework highlights social and environmental sustainability challenges, and just and safe close-loop production patterns.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-06-24T12:10:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426231210765
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 4 (2024)
Institutional environments for circular start-ups: Insights from an
entrepreneurial European region
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  Authors: Carolin Maaßen, David Urbano
  Pages: 446 - 479
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Volume 42, Issue 4, Page 446-479, June 2024.
  Circular start-ups (CSUs) are gaining popularity to radically rethink the linear resource flows of global production systems and adopt ambitious approaches towards a circular economy from inception. For CSUs, the institutional environment is particularly relevant; this is because the complex nature of sustainability challenges requires a deep engagement with institutions to drive transitions from linear to circular practices. This article analyses how and why institutional factors influence CSUs in the highly entrepreneurial region of Catalonia in Spain. Based on a multiple case study, our findings demonstrate that CSUs are affected by informal institutions through founder motivations, their ability to create opportunities and social values. Formal institutions influence CSUs regarding the previous experience of founders, accessible ecosystem actors and supportive laws and regulations. These findings are important for effective policymaking to develop adequate support mechanisms and understand the particular challenges and opportunities CSUs face compared to traditional start-ups.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-06-24T12:10:45Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426231222562
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 4 (2024)
Business model innovation in circular start-ups: Overcoming barriers in
the circular plastics economy
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  Authors: Fernando C Lit, Josephina CCM Huijben, Myriam MAH Cloodt, Erik Paredis
  Pages: 506 - 550
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Volume 42, Issue 4, Page 506-550, June 2024.
  Circular start-ups (CSUs) are crucial for implementing a circular economy; yet, little research has been undertaken on the specific barriers they face. Through a case study of CSUs in the Dutch plastics industry, we identify several key barriers encompassing technology dependence, poor credibility, constrained resources, collaboration challenges, lack of knowledge and inadequate institutional support. Additionally, we highlight four success factors (SFs) that enable CSUs to compete in circular plastics: circular value proposition design, market sensitivity, networking prowess and circular ambidexterity. Our study shows that CSUs can enact these SFs as strategies-in-use to overcome barriers. Yet still, CSUs in plastics continue focusing on recycling-centric business models, limiting their potential to drive the transition more radically along the waste hierarchy. This calls for support from various entities such as entrepreneurial ecosystems as well as a multi-stakeholder perspective that considers their business models as interdependent with other actors in the plastics value chain.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-06-24T12:10:48Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426231217954
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 4 (2024)
Incumbents versus circular start-ups in the workwear industry:
Organisational and individual drivers and barriers to a circular economy
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  Authors: Jeanette Engzell, Marianna Lena Kambanou
  Pages: 551 - 580
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Volume 42, Issue 4, Page 551-580, June 2024.
  This article analyses the organisational and individual drivers and barriers to the implementation of circular business models (CBM) by incumbents and start-ups in the workwear industry. It is based on a qualitative study of 15 organisations in the Swedish workwear industry. Most incumbents are found to have either long-life models with hybrid elements, such as repair, or access models, while circular start-ups have a larger variety of CBMs, although the most common is gap exploiter. Internal organisational barriers mostly differ between the two groups; however, external organisational barriers are more significant and common, such as the low price of new workwear, a lack of demand and a lack of supporting policies, for example, public procurement. Several organisational drivers are identified, such as opportunities to deliver customer value, textile and digital innovations and environmental concerns. Drivers and barriers are influenced by both type of CBM and type of company. Individual drivers and barriers, which are often overlooked in literature, are found to be important to CBM implementation.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-06-24T12:10:52Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426231206818
  Issue No: Vol. 42, No. 4 (2024)
Coopetition in the small business sector: Taking stock and looking forward
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  Authors: Johanna Gast, Frank Lasch, Frédéric Le Roy, Chloé Zanardi
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  A growing literature explores the phenomenon of simultaneous cooperating and competing firms. Mostly in strategic management, this literature primarily focused upon large firms. The dynamics of coopetition in small firms, including new and micro-firms, however, remains under-explored raising questions about how they both engage with and manage this complex paradoxical relationship. Shifting the focus in coopetition research to small firms is vital as despite many noted benefits, evidence suggests that liabilities of newness and smallness affect engagement in cooperative relationships. Due to the specificities of small firms, it remains unlikely that the knowledge derived from their larger counterparts will adequately reflect the drivers and mechanisms of small firm coopetition. How does coopetition unfold in the small firm sector' How do challenges and specificities of small firms influence principles and mechanisms identified by the literature on large firm coopetition' To analyse such issues, in this annual review article, we evaluate the emerging body of research on small firm coopetition. Connecting coopetition strategy with small firms and entrepreneurship, we provide a comprehensive review of this emerging literature drawing from which, we then formulate future research needs and directions.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-07-25T08:23:37Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241263319
Polycratic governance in hybrid organisations: The re-enchantment of
collegiality
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  Authors: Florian Koehne, Sarah Birrell Ivory
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  Due to urgent societal challenges, organisations increasingly prioritise principles of hybrid value creation over capitalist efficiency rationales. Bureaucratic governance arrangements are widely regarded as detrimental to these organisations and their capacity to drive social change and innovation. Yet, bureaucratic governance continues to dominate the organisational landscape, while alternative approaches remain largely absent or underdeveloped. In this article, we address this puzzle and explore the re-enchantment of collegiality as a polycratic intra-organisational governance concept. Our research is based on empirical evidence from two social enterprises, of which one failed and one succeeded, with a collegiality governance approach. We find that certain elements of traditional collegiality can be particularly problematic in practice and propose a neo-collegial framework that we regard as particularly suitable for the governance of hybrid organisations.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-07-24T09:51:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241263322
Migrant entrepreneur: Strategic approaches to overcoming liminality
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  Authors: Maria Elo, Liubov Ermolaeva, Maria Ivanova-Gongne, Daria Klishevich, Tanvi Kothari, Nila Wiese
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  In this article, we explore how migrants establish and operate small and medium-sized enterprises in the host country while navigating liminality and developing appropriate entrepreneurial strategies. We use a multiple-case study of Russian-speaking migrant entrepreneurs in Germany to explore how the integration of entrepreneurial migrants into the host country depends on their agency, ability to enter new contexts, adaptive strategies, perceived country of origin, and connections to diasporas. The study contributes to migrant entrepreneurship by explaining how migrants strategise and diminish their liminality by leveraging their portfolio of capabilities and resources to establish, grow, and transform entrepreneurial ventures.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-06-21T05:26:39Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241258190
‘Involuntary exit for personal reasons’ – A gendered critique of the
business exit decision
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  Authors: Janine Swail, Susan Marlow
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  Women are more likely to exit from entrepreneurship for personal reasons; such exits are deemed uneventful and voluntary. We critically evaluate such assumptions by adopting a gendered critique to unpack the nature of such personal reasons arguing that they largely relate to the stress of accommodating incompatible caring/domestic and entrepreneurial labour demands. This, we argue, leads to forced voluntarism which, for many women, instigates conflicting notions of regret, relief and resentment. To explore these arguments, we draw upon in-depth interviews with 16 United Kingdom women entrepreneurs who had voluntarily exited from their ventures citing personal reasons. The evidence describes how women made sense of the decision-making process to exit from entrepreneurship questioning the voluntary nature of the exit decision. We conclude by noting how once again, gendered assumptions conceal the contradictory demands women encounter when trying to reconcile the needs of the household and of their ventures analysing the implications this has for how exit decisions are categorised and the false picture this presents of alleged voluntarism.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-06-20T05:04:06Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241256266
Book review: Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development in Africa
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  Authors: Richard T Harrison
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-06-13T05:13:54Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241259959
Institutional reforms and entrepreneurial growth ambitions
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  Authors: Pourya Darnihamedani, Joern Hendrich Block, Justin Jansen
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  Institutional reforms have resulted in deep transformations of the global economy. Yet, the theoretical development and accumulating insights about the effects of institutional reforms on entrepreneurial outcomes have been inconclusive. Our study applies categorisation theory to argue that flexibility- and stability-enhancing reforms may affect entrepreneurial growth ambitions in distinct ways, depending on whether more innovative versus less innovative entrepreneurs perceive specific reforms as an opportunity or a threat. Our study employs a multi-source, repeated cross-sectional dataset of approximately 150,000 entrepreneurs from 65 countries, covering the period from 2002 to 2016. Our findings indicate that flexibility-enhancing reforms lead to higher growth ambitions. They are particularly favoured by less innovative entrepreneurs. On the contrary, stability-enhancing reforms do not affect growth ambitions of entrepreneurs in general but rather increase growth ambitions of more innovative entrepreneurs. Our study provides important theoretical and practical implications about the consequences of institutional reforms on growth ambitions of entrepreneurs with different levels of innovation.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-04-30T07:41:28Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241240102
‘All for one and one for all'’ Business angel groups as
collective action
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  Authors: Tiago Botelho, Colin Mason
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  Angel investing has been transformed over the past two decades into a collective endeavour as angels have increasingly organised themselves into professionally-managed angel groups. A key role of the manager, typically termed the gatekeeper, is to undertake the initial screening of investment opportunities that the group attracts. We examine this activity through the lens of collective action using principal-agent theory to understand whether the gatekeeper (agent) acts in the best interests of the members (principal). Our study examines the gatekeeper’s approach to initial screening. Two different data gathering techniques were used to collect evidence from 21 gatekeepers representing 19 angel groups. First, verbal protocol analysis, which involved gatekeepers ‘thinking out loud’ as they undertook the initial screening of a potential funding opportunity, indicated that the majority did consider the shared interests of the members of the group, although in many cases this comprised only a small proportion of their overall comments. This could indicate the potential for moral hazard; however, the interview questions demonstrate that the gatekeepers focus on actions which increase the benefits for members. This requires that gatekeepers have a strong social relationship with group members to match their investment preferences with the types of investment opportunities that they ‘screen in’.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-04-29T10:51:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241243383
Entrepreneurial finance and institutional logics in an emerging economy
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  Authors: Jirawat Worakantak, Robert Newbery, Jonathan Kimmitt
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  Entrepreneurs raise money from multiple funding sources over time; however, studies of entrepreneurial finance typically focus on a dyadic view based on Global North institutional scaffolds. Taking a contextualised approach that understands funding as situated in local conditions, this research explores the influence of an emerging economy context on a financing process that incorporates multiple sources. Based on analysis of 36 interviews with entrepreneurs and financiers in Thailand, the research offers a model that identifies emerging entrepreneur–financier relationships and strategies for navigating multiple logics. Accessing funding involves a process of deal-making that requires multiple foci of attention over time. This article advances institutional theory by reclassifying how entrepreneurs interact with heterogeneous resource holders. Divergent logical pathways of relational formation are found among various types of financiers, suggesting an underlying institutional logic is not universal. Instead, it depends on the habitual organising principles of the focal actors and strategies adopted to manage the requirements of multiple funders.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-04-24T05:07:31Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241240136
Integrating emotion regulation, emotional intelligence, and
emotion-focused coping in the entrepreneurial context: A review and
research agenda
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  Authors: Lynn Schmodde, Marius Claus Wehner
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  Existing research in the entrepreneurial context tends to treat emotions as static phenomena, paying limited attention to the question of how entrepreneurs can actively shape their emotional experiences through emotion management to enhance their well-being and performance. Furthermore, the exploration of how entrepreneurs manage their emotions to sustain their entrepreneurial activities often employs different concepts and terminologies resulting in a fragmented literature that lacks continuity. To extract a common thread from this research field, we conducted a systematic integrative review and integrated research on emotional intelligence, emotion regulation, and emotion-focused coping in the entrepreneurial context using the umbrella term of emotion management. With a comprehensive framework, we organised the emotion management literature around perspectives on an entrepreneur’s individual ability, a trait, and situation-specific strategies. Additionally, we highlighted contextual factors, specifically macro- and meso-level factors, individual factors, antecedents, and consequences. Drawing upon our findings, we reveal existing gaps and propose future directions for emotion management in entrepreneurship research.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-04-20T08:58:13Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241241239
Book Review: Entrepreneurship and Universities: Pedagogical Perspectives
and Philosophies
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  Authors: A A Bhasuri Bhagyani, Nilusha Gallage
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-04-17T12:05:16Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241247727
Gendered crisis approach: Exploring the gendered impact of Iranian
sanctions on nascent entrepreneurship outcomes
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  Authors: Pejvak Oghazi, Pankaj C Patel, Ali Hajighasemi
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  Using a gendered crisis approach, this study investigates the impact of sanctions on Iranian women’s nascent entrepreneurial behaviours. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s individual-level data and sanctions intensity data on 10,781 individuals, aged 18–65 from 2008 to 2018, the findings indicate that sanctions lower the perceived opportunities to start a business for women more so than for men. Although sanctions did not influence perceived start-up skills, suggesting resilience among women amid the challenges, sanctions did reduce the fear of failure for women more so than for men. Policymakers, both in the Collective West and in Iran, can use these insights to develop gender-inclusive measures and support women’s entrepreneurship in sanction-affected contexts.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-04-15T06:19:08Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241241481
Always on par' How small- and medium-sized enterprises manage coopetition
strategies to innovate with large firms
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  Authors: Oliver Gernsheimer, Johanna Gast, Dominik K. Kanbach
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  This article explores how entrepreneurial small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) manage coopetition strategies to innovate with large firms. While coopetition offers opportunities for innovation and growth, asymmetries between SMEs and large firms can provoke unilateral actions, opportunistic tactics, and knowledge theft which can undermine SME innovation power and jeopardise coopetition success. Based on a qualitative multiple-case study of 25 coopetitive innovation projects, each involving an SME and a large firm, we find that SMEs manage these risks by pursuing a synergistic mix of three distinct coopetition strategies: (1) Co-distribution, (2) Technology licensing, and (3) R&D co-development. In each strategy, SMEs navigate different coopetition intensities by dynamically combining the principles of separation, integration, co-management and co-ownership to achieve specific innovation outcomes. Our findings suggest that SMEs shift between cooperation- and competition-dominant strategies and employ a mix of management principles to offset asymmetrical risks and maximise their innovation benefits from coopetition with large firms.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-03-25T04:33:34Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241237182
Legitimacy spillovers and hybrid rhetoric in crowdfunded microloans
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  Authors: James Bort, Todd W Moss, Maija Renko
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  Microfinance institutions (MFIs) operate in diverse institutional contexts and serve as the backbone for microenterprises typically excluded from traditional financial markets. At the same time, MFIs and the microenterprises they support solve tangible social problems, such as alleviating hunger, lifting people out of poverty and creating more sustainable communities. When appealing for resources, MFIs work with microenterprises to create rhetoric that communicates both the financial needs and the social good that supporting them can do. Building on previous research concerning the hybrid rhetoric of microenterprises and the literature rooted in organisational legitimacy, we take a multi-level approach and assess whether country stability and MFI financial performance influence the hybrid rhetoric of microenterprises.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-03-01T10:56:30Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241234563
Start-ups within entrepreneurial ecosystems: Transition towards circular
economy
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  Authors: Magnus Klofsten, Wisdom Kanda, Dzamila Bienkowska, Nancy Bocken, Sarfraz Mian, Wadid Lamine
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  This article explores the role of start-ups within entrepreneurial ecosystems in driving the transition towards a circular economy. It emphasises the importance of understanding and supporting circular start-ups for broader sustainability impacts. Unlike established firms, start-ups can readily adopt ambitious circular business models (CBMs) without the risk of business model cannibalisation and with the agility to adapt to market trends. CBMs enhance value creation, delivery and capture resource flows in an optimised non-linear fashion. Scaling up CBMs is crucial for overall economic, social and environmental benefits. Hence, leveraging the key entrepreneurial ecosystems actors, such as universities, business incubators and related venture development intermediaries, is vital for start-up support. In this special issue, we have invited researchers to submit contributions that delve into the dynamics among start-ups, entrepreneurial ecosystems and the circular economy, aiming to enrich our understanding of the early stage start-up development process with the aim of promoting the circular economy at a firm, regional or national level.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-02-12T11:05:18Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241227520
Entrepreneurial fear of failure and exit intention: The moderating role of
a conducive social environment
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  Authors: Subhan Shahid, Maggie Qiuzhu Mei, Martina Battisti
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  This article investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial fear of failure, exit intentions and the moderating impact of a conducive social environment, particularly business incubators, in the context of a developing economy. It provides empirical evidence on how different sources of fear of failure influence an entrepreneur’s intention to exit a venture. Building on social-cognitive theory and leveraging survey data collected from 255 practising entrepreneurs, we show that sources of failure related to the self lead to higher exit intentions whereas external sources of failure do not trigger such intentions. Notably, the positive relationship between self-related fear of failure and exit intention is reduced when entrepreneurs operate within the supportive framework of business incubators. This study highlights the specific dynamics of developing economies that can have profound impacts on the psychology of entrepreneurs. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into how fear of failure shapes entrepreneurial outcomes and how a supportive social environment can mitigate its negative impact, particularly in a developing country context such as Pakistan.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-02-09T12:30:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241229878
The importance of network coopetition for the robustness of
micro-enterprises in times of crisis
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  Authors: Kristin Sabel, Cecilia Dalborg, Yvonne von Friedrichs, Andreas Kallmuenzer
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  Prior research has highlighted coopetition as a successful strategy for enterprise performance during a crisis; this has largely focused upon large firms therefore, limiting our knowledge of network coopetition in micro-enterprises. This article explores the impact of network coopetition on the robustness of micro-enterprises during COVID-19. A survey and interviews with craft food producers in Sweden were conducted; a measurement for firm robustness was created, indicating that 46% of respondents had successfully weathered the pandemic and were thus, considered robust. The findings show that micro-enterprises employing network coopetition as a strategy during the pandemic exhibited robustness. This article stresses the importance of micro-enterprises that broadly embrace network coopetition to withstand the negative effects of crises.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-02-07T06:24:41Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426241228283
The interaction of narcissism, agreeableness and conscientiousness in
entrepreneurial mentoring: Implications for learning outcomes
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  Authors: Soumaya Meddeb, Étienne St-Jean, Andreas Rauch
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  The personality configuration of mentors and mentees is important in understanding mentoring outcomes. While the best mentors appear to have higher degrees of agreeableness and conscientiousness, entrepreneurs generally score lower on agreeableness and have higher degrees of narcissism, a personality trait that could be detrimental to mentoring. We investigated the interaction of narcissism with two traits from the Big Five Inventory, namely agreeableness and conscientiousness, to see how this interaction influenced learning from the relationship of mentee entrepreneurs. Our findings suggest that mentee narcissism negatively influences learning, and mentor agreeableness mitigates the negative effects on mentee learning. These findings show certain beneficial personality configurations in entrepreneurial mentoring and provide elements to consider in managerial practice when pairing mentors and mentees in this context.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-02-05T05:45:55Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426231223939
Affect and adaptation in entrepreneurial goal pursuit
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  Authors: Lauren A Zettel, Robert P Garrett, Carl P Maertz
  Abstract: International Small Business Journal, Ahead of Print.
  An entrepreneur’s motivation to set and strive towards their business goals is an integral part of the venturing process. Research has indicated that positive affect enhances motivation, specifically in terms of the level of effort devoted to achieving a goal. However, motivation is also reflected in the strategy or tactics used to attain goals. Interestingly, scholars know substantially less about this aspect of motivation, even though it may be equally important. In this article, we examine how affect shapes an entrepreneur’s propensity to change their strategy when encountering a challenge in the venturing process. Our longitudinal study of 166 tech entrepreneurs reveals that both positive and negative affect have a significant role to play in motivational processes, particularly during challenging times. The study has practical implications for how entrepreneurs manage their feelings when facing challenges and theoretical implications for how scholars apply affective theories in entrepreneurship.
  Citation: International Small Business Journal
  PubDate: 2024-01-27T07:29:24Z
  DOI: 10.1177/02662426231220556

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