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Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.143

Number of Followers: 7

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ISSN (Print) 1783-5917 - ISSN (Online) 2399-2956
Published by Sage Publications

[1174 journals]

Rail policies in Turkey after 2002: Is there a modal shift'
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  Authors: Ali Osman Solak
  Abstract: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Ahead of Print.
  Since 2002, the Turkish government has increased its interest in rail transport after neglecting it for more than half a century. The government invested significant sums in the high-speed network and allocated substantial funds for the modernization of conventional rail infrastructure, the expansion of the network, and the construction of logistics centers. In addition, in 2013, the government restructured the rail market and opened it to competition. This paper examines recent rail policy in terms of modal shift to determine whether there is a radical shift in national transportation policy, which has been dominated by road programs. Despite significant steps to help rail achieve a breakthrough, our analysis does not show a strong shift in investment priorities that would lead to modal shift.
  Citation: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
  PubDate: 2022-07-04T01:31:57Z
  DOI: 10.1177/17835917221112104
Regulatory approaches to rail competitive entries
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  Authors: Zdenek Tomes
  Abstract: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Ahead of Print.
  This paper reviews the regulatory approaches to open access passenger rail competition. This kind of competition has developed substantially in the EU during the past decade. There have been major entries into the national main lines in Italy, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Sweden. These entries have been very popular with passengers and rail ridership has gone up substantially. However, there have also been costs to these entries. The operations of the new entrants are diminishing economies of density, leading to higher unit costs. Further challenges include cherry-picking behaviour, scarce infrastructure capacity, tariff disintegration, and long-term sustainability. The major question is whether the social benefits outweigh the costs. This paper aims to review emerging evidence in the field of open access entries and approaches to their regulation. The scope of this paper is open access passenger rail entries in Europe after 2000 with a particular emphasis on the major entries that took place in Italy, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Sweden after 2011. The contribution of this article to the existing literature is threefold. Firstly, it provides an up-to-date review of open access entries in Europe. Secondly, it combines the results of simulation studies with empirical evidence to provide an overview of market impacts. Lastly, it reviews the spectrum of regulatory approaches.
  Citation: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
  PubDate: 2022-06-02T02:45:10Z
  DOI: 10.1177/17835917221106071
A Difference-In-Difference Approach to Estimate the Price Effect of Market
Entry in High-Speed Rail
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  Authors: Paolo Beria, Samuel Tolentino, Evgeniia Shtele, Vardhman Lunkar
  Abstract: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Ahead of Print.
  The effect of competition on prices in the passenger transport sector can be difficult to estimate because of many influencing factors such as state regulation, demand, seasonality, and reactions of indirect competitors. A case of great interest in the rail sector is Italy, where on-track competition in the high-speed segment has been in place for nearly ten years. The paper aims at answering the question whether—and how much—incumbent’s prices are affected when competition starts on a route previously in monopoly. The case is the start of operations on the Turin–Milan–Venice route, where Italo entered in May 2018. Adopting a difference-in-difference approach, we check if Trenitalia changed the price strategy on the route before and after the entry, with respect to two control groups. The addition of placebo tests allows us to understand the ranges of significance of the results and to estimate the noise level of the estimates. Our findings suggest that the start of competition led to lower prices in the short-medium period. In the specific case, the Milano–Venezia route saw Trenitalia’s prices reduced by 21–26% (±2–5%) in a time span of 84–140 days after Italo’s entry and for advanced bookings from 2 to 10 days. Last-day prices remain unchanged, while early bookings are reduced by just 9%. This price reduction does not remain stable in the longer term, when other effects add up and blur the effect of the entry. Nevertheless, we keep observing a smaller, ∼15%, but still negative prices change.
  Citation: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
  PubDate: 2022-04-28T11:29:56Z
  DOI: 10.1177/17835917221088770
Regulation of Network Industries in Brazil
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  Authors: Joisa Dutra, Matthias Finger
  First page: 99
  Abstract: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Ahead of Print.
  
  Citation: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
  PubDate: 2022-06-03T03:45:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/17835917221106699
Sustainability of water and sanitation state-owned companies in Brazil
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  Authors: Edson Gonçalves, Morganna Werneck Capodeferro, Juliana Jerônimo Smiderle, Pedro H. Engel Guimarães
  First page: 101
  Abstract: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Ahead of Print.
  This paper assesses the sustainability of Brazilian’s water and sanitation state-owned companies’ services. The assessment was conducted based on the selection of six indicators reflecting three of the sustainability dimensions: social, economic, and environmental. We built a global sustainability index by adopting the MACBETH multicriteria analysis methodology, which aggregates the dimensions of sustainability with their respective indicators. As main result we found that two companies were considered sustainable in each of the three assessed dimensions of sustainability, and that three companies were globally sustainable according to the methodology applied in this study. Setting sustainability targets and increasing regulatory enforcement leads to improved services performance. Further, sustainable sanitation services bring us closer to achieving the national targets for universal access and Sustainable Development Goal 6 established by the United Nations.
  Citation: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
  PubDate: 2022-05-16T06:42:49Z
  DOI: 10.1177/17835917221077915
Energy Transition in the Brazilian Electric Power System
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  Authors: Joisa Dutra, Flavio Menezes
  First page: 119
  Abstract: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Ahead of Print.
  This article summarizes key changes in market and regulatory governance arrangements in the electricity sector in Brazil over the last three decades. The Brazilian reform process during this period can be described as a series of attempts to move toward a market-driven system, interrupted by ad hoc interventions of a political nature or to respond to specific crises. This series of events reveals the pathway of a system that managed to significantly expand and diversify its electricity power mix by harnessing its renewable endowment. The historical role played by hydropower plants with reservoirs—along with a highly integrated electricity system—in smoothing production over time has been considerably diminished and will continue to be as climate change takes its toll. Thus, improvements in market and governance arrangements are required to promote a more diverse electricity mix, with variable renewable energy and demand management playing much more significant roles.
  Citation: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
  PubDate: 2022-04-21T04:24:04Z
  DOI: 10.1177/17835917221088765
Toll road sector in Brazil: Regulation by contract and recent innovations
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  Authors: Fernando Camacho, Carlos Oliveira Cruz
  First page: 135
  Abstract: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Ahead of Print.
  The existing stock of road infrastructure in Brazil is still suboptimal and presents a bottleneck for economic growth. Concessions are being used to leverage the development and delivery of road infrastructure, although the first concessions have experienced some difficulties. Based on past lessons, Brazil has revised the regulatory framework and concessions models, by acting at three main critical success factors: creating a clear and transparent regulatory framework, improving procurement rules to ensure a more effective search for the “right” partner (and filtering opportunistic investors), and, finally, establishing a more effective risk-sharing strategy, providing the right incentives to mitigate delays and contractual breach, while increasing the bankability and overall project’s quality. This paper provides an overview of these changes and provides valuable lessons for academics and practitioners involved in concession design and management, particularly, in the road sector.
  Citation: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
  PubDate: 2022-04-13T04:45:18Z
  DOI: 10.1177/17835917221087897
Waves of regulatory reforms and winds of uncertainties in the Brazilian
natural gas industry
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  Authors: Diogo Lisbona Romeiro, Livia Amorim
  First page: 153
  Abstract: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries, Ahead of Print.
  The natural gas industry in Brazil has undergone three waves of reforms since the late 1990s regarding liberalization and market opening. The gas law approved in 2021 reinforces the unbundling between transport and commercialization of natural gas and guarantees third-party access to essential infrastructure. The new legal framework achieves the vertical separation of upstream and midstream segments but does not reach the downstream segment subject to state regulations. The exit of the incumbent (Petrobras) from the network segments opens space for new entrants, but may remain with a high commercialization share. Vertical and horizontal integration in the distribution segment can compromise this industry’s restructuring. This article identifies three possible scenarios for the evolution of liberalization after the last reform. A successful path will depend on the implementation and enforcement of the new gas law, on adequate economic signals for network and consumption expansion, on harmonization of state regulations, and on the effective opening for the construction of a national gas market. The role of natural gas in Brazil’s energy transition is still an open issue that will affect the industry’s evolution in the coming years.
  Citation: Competition and Regulation in Network Industries
  PubDate: 2022-05-23T09:33:35Z
  DOI: 10.1177/17835917221102892