Authors:Arief Fahmi Lubis Abstract: In the effort to eradicate terrorism, the security dimension is thick in the policy of eradicating terrorism. Civil society is worried about the material of the 2018 Law Number 5 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism; it is considered that the Act can reduce the level of state compliance with respect, protection, and fulfillment of human rights in eradicating terrorism in addition to the effectiveness of the method of eradicating terrorism. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview and analysis of the form of the threat that has undergone a shift that requires the army as the main component of the defense system to reposition itself by placing itself in the right position in the midst of the dynamics of developing threats. The method in this research is normative juridical through a comprehensive study by taking sources from regulations and laws, while empirical juridical research is a study based on observations on threats involving the TNI. The theory used is the Theory of Authority and Theory of Rule of Law as the theoretical basis for the analysis of the main problems regarding the change of the army from a conqueror to a professional soldier. The military does not intervene in politics, and conversely, there is no political intervention in the military. Law of 2004 Number 34 concerning the TNI states that the Indonesian National Army was built and developed professionally according to the country's political interests, referring to the principles and values of democracy, human rights, civil supremacy, provisions of national and international laws that have been ratified. PubDate: Thu, 17 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +000
Authors:Muhammad Tahir; Li Lu Gen, Majid Ali, Muhammad Asif Abstract: The protection of trademarks has been considered a significant issue and a big challenge both for underdeveloped and developed nations. This study aims to shed light on important issues regarding trademark protection in two major countries, i.e. China and Pakistan. In the previous studies, emphasis was given on innovation and patents, but less focus was paid on trademarks. Like other components of intellectual property assets, the role of trademarks is much more important in all types of firms across the whole economy. A ten years’ comparative analysis of the trademark protection index of China and Pakistan have been conducted in this study using secondary data from the website. In this study, secondary data was collected from the International Property Rights Index (IPRI) portal. Furthermore, this study elaborates on some salient loopholes affecting the lack of compliance of intellectual property rights in China and Pakistan, considering the current era of this century. The findings of this study suggest that the legal systems of China and Pakistan needs reforms and need to be adopted similar type of practices implemented in Western economies and developed nations. Finally, some recommendations related to trademarks reforms have been discussed at the end of this paper. PubDate: Thu, 03 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +000
Authors:Eman Fathi Hassan AL-Gamiel Abstract: The operations of loading and unloading at the maritime cargo are the responsibilities and duties of the carrier or the shipper, or the consignee. These duties are difficult to be carried out in the frame of increasing load of ships at the modern era, and to accomplish the desire of parties of the maritime transport contract regarding the speed of execution, whereas accomplishment of these operations inquires any private equipment and high-efficiency labors at this side. However, the carrier cannot ensure these matters at every port where his shops arrive. On the other hand, it is not within the capacity of the shipper or the consignee, which necessitated recourse to a specialized contractor who performs it on his behalf in return for a wage and through his labors and equipment owned by him or leased from the port administration, which is known as the loading and unloading contractor. The carrier, shipper or consignee can entrust to him to carry out any of these operations except for sea transport. The loading and unloading contract concluded by the latter may include receiving the goods from the shipper, shipping them, stacking them, unpacking, unloading, or delivering them to the consignee. Although there is a special entity for both the loading and unloading contract and the maritime transport contract - the first interferes with the implementation of the second, which raises several inquiries regarding the degree to which loading and unloading contractors taking benefit from identification the responsibility of the sea carrier under the bill of lading, since there is an overlap in the two contracts and loading and unloading contract is a way to carry out the maritime transport contract. PubDate: Sun, 27 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +000
Authors:Muntasir Sameer Abu Alra’uf Jaraar Abstract: The present study discusses the national strategies having been adopted by Palestinians to put an end to Israeli occupation. The study aims to show how Palestinians plan to establish their state and get rid of the occupation by using different strategies and policies. The study adopts historical research method to support authentic historical data about Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Such a method has helped researcher provide proper data that may help Palestinian political leaders understand the nature of conflict and this know how to deal with the issues of this conflict in the future. The study also adopts descriptive analytical research method to describe and analyze the data. The study finds that it is very vital for Palestinians to unite and to have one ‘unified’ national strategy in order for ‘popular resistance’ to work out. Besides, the study finds that Palestinian leaders and peace activists ought to create ties with Israeli and western activists in order to strongly activate ‘popular resistance’ against Israeli occupation. Furthermore, the study recommends that Palestinian leadership, factions, peace organizations and national institutes ought all adopt one ‘integrated strategy’ to confront Jewish influence. PubDate: Mon, 17 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +000
Authors:Ravi Verdira Susanto; Siti Hamidah, Djumikasih Abstract: This article discusses the urgency of reformulation of the function of the Board of Directors as an organ of persero company in carrying out the company's business activities to obtain profits that are further deposited to the state as non-tax state revenues. This research is normative research. The results of this study show that the transfer and guarantee actions carried out by Directors against persero's assets are one form of legally valid management as long as it is in accordance with the laws and regulations, its basic budget and the interests of persero. In order to achieve legal certainty, it is necessary to reformulate the function of the Board of Directors of Persero in the laws and regulations into the function of management, ownership and representing persero both in and in court as long as it is in accordance with the laws and/or articles of association of Persero. PubDate: Fri, 07 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +000
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