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Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa
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ISSN (Print) 0258-7696 - ISSN (Online) 1726-1368
Published by Project MUSE

[305 journals]

Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) in South Africa: themes and research
directions
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  Abstract: It is uncontentious that South Africa has some of the highest economic inequality in the world, both in terms of income and wealth (Hundenborn, Leibbrandt, and Woolard 2016; Sulla and Zikhali 2018; Francis and Webster 2019; Chatterjee, Czajka, and Gethin 2020). In 2018, the World Bank found that the Gini coefficient of income in South Africa was 0.66–the highest out of all 149 countries for which the Bank has good data (Sulla and Zikhali 2018; World Bank 2022). This coefficient has remained largely unchanged in the post-apartheid period. In terms of income, this inequality is very well described in the literature–inequality continues to follow the divisions of race and gender far into the post-apartheid period. In ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00
Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) in South Africa: introduction and a
review of the labour market literature
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  Abstract: This article examines the literature on linkages between BEE and inequalities in the South African labour market. We ask whether B-BBEE–while not explicitly a labour market intervention–has had any positive impact in reducing labour market inequalities, particularly along the lines of race and gender. While this link may seem tenuous, it is a vital line of investigation. Given the status of BEE in the South African policy hierarchy, it is right to ask if it has had an impact in addressing inequality in South Africa. To do this, we must peer inside the firm, and ask if, and if so how, BEE has impacted inequality within the South African labour market, and within its firms, and what impact it has had, if any, on ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00
Malaysia's Bumiputera Empowerment regime and South Africa's BEE:
foundations, experiences, and lessons
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  Abstract: Malaysia and South Africa are gravitationally paired in policy discourses on group economic empowerment. Malaysia's Bumiputera empowerment and South Africa's Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) stand out globally, not just for targeting a majority population group, but for the basis, scope and scale of the interventions. Both countries' efforts to redress the majority group's socioeconomic disadvantage–more commonly termed affirmative action in the literature–are explicitly authorised by the constitution, driven by political imperatives and socioeconomic conditions, and applied to promote Bumiputera and black representation, respectively, in higher education, high-level occupations, enterprise, and wealth ownership. ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00
Devil's in the detail: how to assess transformation of the South African
private sector
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  Abstract: An enormous amount of time and energy has been spent assessing the extent of transformation of South Africa's private sector. To date, the exercise has not moved much beyond squabbling over numbers. The complexity of measuring ownership, on the face of it a simple exercise, is only one reason for this. In addition, in focusing only on transformation of listed corporates, the debate has excluded an estimated two thirds of the private sector by value. Most important, business and government have talked past each other about the same set of regulatory compliance targets–the former focused on arguments for maintaining or reducing the targets; the latter on reasons to extend them.The only point of consensus, as will ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00
Industrial policy, the manufacturing sector and black empowerment in South
Africa
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  Abstract: The optimism for economic transformation at the dawn of post-apartheid South Africa has turned to disenchantment with the slow pace of inclusion and empowerment. Despite the transfer of political power to majority rule in 1994, South Africa remains one of the most unequal societies in the world today. The remnants of apartheid and its system of exclusion of black people and other minority South Africans from access and ownership of economic resources remains, and to a large extent has festered, along racial lines.This paper considers two main questions: i) what is the extent of transformation in the manufacturing sector in South Africa' and ii) what has been the impact of industrial policy strategies in South ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00
Black Economic Empowerment in the automotive manufacturing industry: a
case for productive capacity development transformation
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  Abstract: The automotive manufacturing industry has received little sustained academic attention in terms of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) or Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE). Most of the work takes the form of news on the reactions of industry role players to BEE or B-BBEE regulatory changes, or focuses on individual lead firms' transformation initiatives. Our contribution, which arises from our work in the University of the Witwatersrand-based Southern Centre for Inequality Studies BEE Project (Mashilo and Moothilal 2021), represents a modest attempt at laying the basis for a sustained focus on B-BBEE in the automotive manufacturing industry, the mainstay of South Africa's manufacturing base.In their ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00
Dancing in concert' – aligning Broad-Based Black Economic
Empowermentto (B-BBEE) sector strategies, structural transformation and
growth
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  Abstract: Nearly thirty years after the transition to democracy, South Africa's economy continues to be dominated by extreme levels of racialised inequality. Wealth is concentrated on the most affluent households, who are overwhelmingly white. Corporate structures remain highly concentrated, generating high profits but with limited reinvestment, while excluding new entrants and stifling the growth of small black business. Despite some change in the post-apartheid period, the white population group still dominates the management and decision-making over productive assets, despite some advances in occupational transformation. Furthermore, as the recent Commission of Employment Equity Report shows, around 65 percent of top ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00
The Terrorist Album: apartheid's insurgents, collaborators, and the
security police by Jacob Dlamini (review)
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  Abstract: Some years ago in Cape Town, a young man smashed the passenger window of my car at a red traffic light and made off with my handbag after a brief tug of war. In due course I made my way into the Woodstock police station nearby to report the episode. A detective asked me to describe the person who lifted the bag. He then led me into a side room with a table and to my considerable astonishment, brought out a massive old-fashioned album filled with mug shots. There were about nine to twelve images per page. These were larger than ID photos and most had a certain consistency about them. The detective asked me if I could recognise the exact person among the pages of 'suspects'.I found myself catapulted into a situation ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00
Ethnic Continuities and a State of Exception: Goodwill Zwelithini,
Mangosuthu Buthelezi and Jacob Zuma by Gerhard Maré (review)
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  Abstract: Maré makes clear at the start that he is not writing biographical studies of his three subjects: he is presenting them as 'characters' to illustrate a particular historical process. His focus is on the roles they have played since the 1970s in mobilising Zulu ethnicity as a basis for support in South Africa's regional and national politics. In the process the three have played key parts in creating the 'state of exception' that the author highlights in his title. This refers to the official categorising of something like 17 million people in the country's population of over 50 million as subjects of 'traditional' leaders, while the rest of the population qualify as full citizens of a democratic state.The author ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00
Red Road to Freedom: a history of the South African Communist Party
1921-2021 by Tom Lodge, and: Precarious Power: compliance and discontent
under Ramaphosa's ANC by Susan Booysen (review)
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  Abstract: Synonyms for the word 'superlative' include 'excellent', 'magnificent', 'glorious', 'marvellous', 'consummate', 'outstanding', and 'remarkable'. I am happy to settle for any of these to describe these two books, which fit very neatly together for review. Probably no-one else other than Tom Lodge, who is so thoroughly versed in the details as well as the grand trajectory of the popular struggles against colonialism and apartheid in South Africa could have written what will become the gold standard of histories of the South African Communist Party (SACP). I find it difficult to imagine that it can be bettered, even if release or discovery of further documents may nuance its arguments in future. Apart from anything ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00
Notes on Contributors
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  Abstract: Elvis Korku Avenyo is a Senior Researcher at the Centre for Competition, Regulation, and Economic Development (CCRED), University of Johannesburg. He researches broadly on development economics with interests in innovation, industrial development, labour markets, and firm behaviour with a focus on developing countries.Ayabonga Cawe is a development economist and a sessional lecturer at the School of Economics and Finance, at Wits University. His main areas of interest are Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment, developmental local government and industrial policy. He is the co-author of Beyond Tenderpreneurship: Rethinking Black Business and Economic Empowerment (2020) with Khwezi Mabasa.David Francis is the Deputy ... Read More
  PubDate: 2022-11-28T00:00:00-05:00