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Tijdschrift voor Criminologie
Number of Followers: 3

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ISSN (Print) 0165-182X
Published by Uitgeverij Boom

[6 journals]

Minderjarigen met een missie: een verkenning van copingstrategieën van en
hulpverlening aan Syrische alleenstaande minderjarige vreemdelingen
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  Authors: Eva Notté en Maarten Bolhuis
  Abstract: Unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) are particularly vulnerable due to the combination of unsafety, fleeing without their parents and their age. The authors conducted empirical research to explore which coping strategies the biggest URM group in 2020 in the Netherlands, Syrians, used and how their needs in coping with potentially traumatizing events correspond with the available care. We conducted 26 interviews with minor and adult Syrian refugees and professionals. The interviews showed that Syrian URM used nine different coping strategies, especially being self-reliant, distracting yourself, being positive and giving meaning. Their main needs are self-reliance, retaining their pride and being able to focus on the future. URM care in the Netherlands corresponds well with especially practical needs. However, concerns exist about the availability of emotional support and the cutoff point of guidance of URM once they turn 18. This study makes some concrete recommendations for improvement.
  PubDate: Thu, 29 Jun 2023 12:00:00 +020
Het generatie-effect van delinquentie in een verdwenen West-Vlaamse
gemeenschap met een negatieve reputatie
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  Authors: Geert Tavernier; Lieven Pauwels en Jan Verplaetse
  Abstract: Notwithstanding the rise of life course criminology during the past decades, sources for longitudinal research remain scarce. A neglected source are communities with a bad reputation about which a wealth of archival data is available and this over long periods. In this study the authors investigated whether the so-called generation effect can be found in a disappeared community, the so-called ‘boskanters’, who lived between 1700 and 1914 in fairly primitive conditions in West Flanders (Belgium). From the literature the authors extracted six basic findings that they tested against demographic, genealogical and judicial data found in archives. Four of the six basic findings they did confirm. In the ‘boskanters’ community, too, serious delinquency runs in the family. Although a bad reputation tainted the entire community, criminal behavior was more concentrated in some family branches than in others. Intermarriages between criminal families help to explain this transmission and concentration. Correlations with seriousness of the offenses and the delinquent profile of the mother were not confirmed or only partially. The authors also did find that women less tied to criminal families had more chances to leave that community. Overall, this study shows that historical data on local communities might be useful in understanding how criminality persists from one generation to the next.
  PubDate: Tue, 23 May 2023 13:50:00 +020
Rehabilitatiebewijs en de rol van risico- en beschermende factoren in
VOG-uitspraken
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  Authors: Chantal van den Berg en Elina van ’t Zand
  Abstract: To limit the collateral consequences of a criminal record, there is increasing attention for ‘evidence of rehabilitation’, which can counterbalance risk factors stemming from a criminal history, for example when assessing requests for a Certificate of Conduct (‘VOG’ in Dutch). Since screening procedures are often regarded as complex, opaque, ambiguous and inconsistent – also by professionals within the criminal justice system – the authors present a first quantitative analysis of the factors that contribute to the chance of successfully winning a Certificate of Conduct in appeal. Our analysis of all published case law since 2004 (N=383) shows that administrative judges in Certificate of Conduct cases mainly refer to risk factors based on the criminal history: the number and seriousness of the offences and the times lapsed. Protective factors and evidence of rehabilitation play only a marginal role. Moreover, in a significant proportion of cases it remains unclear how relevant factors, such as the applicant’s interest, are weighed, if they are referred to at all. This necessitates not only reconsideration of rehabilitation policy, but also more foreseeability, certainty and transparency in criminal record screening decisions.
  PubDate: Thu, 23 Mar 2023 12:01:00 +010
De prijs van vergelding
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  Authors: Hilde Wermink; Jim Been, Pauline Schuyt, Peter van Wijck en Arjan Blokland
  Abstract: Retribution is an important punishment goal in the legal system. However, the price society pays for retribution is currently unknown. In this contribution, we develop a new framework for determining the price of retribution. We do this on the basis of criminal cases in which judges impose prison sentences of up to 6 months while they could have opted for a community service order. This despite the fact that community service leads to lower costs and less recidivism. Our calculations estimate the annual cost of retribution at over 400 million euros per year. This is approximately 45 euros per taxpayer per year, and is most likely a lower bound of the actual costs.
  PubDate: Fri, 10 Feb 2023 10:22:00 +010