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International Journal of Maritime History
Journal Prestige (SJR): 0.19  Number of Followers: 11  Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)ISSN (Print) 0843-8714 - ISSN (Online) 2052-7756 Published by Sage Publications  [1176 journals]
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- Risk, Uncertainty and the British Atlantic Merchant Ship as a Technology
for Profit, 1600–1800-
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Authors: Phillip Reid
Pages: 376 - 392
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Volume 35, Issue 3, Page 376-392, August 2023.
Douglass North's work on the productivity of early modern British merchant shipping, along with that of his students Gary Walton and James Shepherd, taught us much about how the economy of British America worked. While crediting the security of the seas and more efficient business organization for allowing modest growth in shipping productivity, they relegated technological adaptation to insignificance. While accepting the main thrust of their argument, and indeed furthering it, John McCusker, Russell Menard, Nathan Rosenberg and Frederic Lane declined to dismiss the role that such adaptation might have played, leaving open the possibility that ship technology was worth exploring in a time and place for which it was generally considered static. Phillip Reid’s exploration of that subject has been guided by two premises: first, that continuity as well as change can serve as technological adaptation to operating conditions; and, second, that economic maritime history has paid too little attention to the technology of the ordinary merchant ship in this period to evaluate its contribution to the success of the shipping industry – or lack thereof. Both continuity and change served as technological adaptations, allowing the merchant ship to serve a shipping industry that, in turn, served a world growing and changing demographically and economically, with that change accelerating in the second half of the eighteenth century. In past work, he has argued that specific continuities and changes in the merchant ship are best explained as strategies of ‘risk mitigation’. Here, he also considers the distinction between risk and uncertainty to determine what, if any, application it might have to understanding continuity and change in the hazards to profit presented by the ever-present and dangerous collection of hazards posed to the merchant ship and crew by the Atlantic and the human predators who cruised it.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-10-09T04:11:32Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202393
Issue No: Vol. 35, No. 3 (2023)
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- The maritime consequences of peace: The impact of treaties with the
Barbary states on Venetian shipping in the eighteenth century-
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Authors: Pierre Niccolò Sofia
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
From a maritime-history perspective, little is still known about eighteenth-century Venice, especially in non-Italian literature. Classic interpretations of eighteenth-century Venetian shipping suggest that the Venetians never regained a significant role as carriers in the Mediterranean after the sixteenth century. Although Venetian shipping was heavily impacted by the arrival of the ‘Northerners’ in the Mediterranean at the end of the sixteenth century, its capacity for long-term recovery has yet to be clarified. The primary impediment to Venetian maritime activity was the high threat of attacks by the so-called ‘Barbary corsairs’ on their merchant ships, which drove up transport costs. The Republic of Venice signed treaties with Algiers, Morocco, Tripoli and Tunis from 1763 onwards, but historians remain sceptical about the effects of this peace. This article seeks to demonstrate that the treaties with the Barbary states represented a groundbreaking turning point for eighteenth-century Venetian shipping: from the 1760s onwards, liberated from the burden of high risks and high protection costs, Venetian shipping made a vigorous and lasting resurgence on all routes in the Mediterranean and beyond. Following the treaties, the Venetians became significant carriers in the Mediterranean sea trade and were able to rival other competitors in international markets. From this standpoint, the Venetian shipping sector not only recovered but also flourished until the ultimate dissolution of the Republic in 1797.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-10-24T03:54:50Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231207766
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- Book Review: Rivers of the Sultan: The Tigris and Euphrates in the Ottoman
Empire by Faisal H. Husain-
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Authors: Annie Greene
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-10-24T03:53:51Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231208946
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- Editorial
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Authors: Cátia Antunes, Michiel van Groesen
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-10-20T04:24:53Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231208832
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- A working alias: African seafarers and fungible identities across European
empires in the early twentieth century-
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Authors: Minayo Nasiali
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
During the first half of the twentieth century, the labour of sailors from colonial Africa was essential to the European shipping industry. These seafarers laboured mostly as firemen and coal trimmers (in French, they were called chauffeurs and soutiers), shovelling coal and stoking fires in the engine rooms of the steamships that transported the world's people and goods. To secure this work, African sailors sometimes adopted aliases. They commodified their names and identities as part of an alternative, extralegal economy that also benefitted the broader ‘legitimate’ shipping industry. Their identities, however, were deeply suspected by the empires that claimed them – France and Great Britain. Significantly, black sailors adopted aliases to engage with and circumvent the economic and political regimes that employed and policed them.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-10-16T11:04:07Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231204467
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- Book Review: Sub Culture: The Many Lives of the Submarine by John Medhurst
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Authors: Lieven Raymaekers
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-10-13T06:21:54Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231207460
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- Maritime heritage and modern national identities in Scandinavia, circa
1900–2020-
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Authors: Leos Müller
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
The Scandinavian nations are maritime nations but this does not mean that ‘maritime’ is a natural and conscious component of modern national identities in Scandinavia. National identities are shaped by diverse historical narratives and experiences, and they fluctuate in time and space. The contributions to this forum attempt to answer the question of to what extent modern national identities in Scandinavia incorporate such a maritime component. They study this question from the perspectives of Swedish naval officers and popular music culture, Danish maritime heritage culture and maritime labour, and Finland's naval diplomacy.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-10-06T06:04:35Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231205087
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- Maritime passage, the Montreux Convention (1936) and the conflict between
Russia and Ukraine-
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Authors: Glen Segell
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
This article examines the Montreux Convention (1936), governing the straits connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It is a focus of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, given the Russian naval blockade of Ukrainian ports. The Convention prevented countries from sending ships into the Black Sea to break the 2022 blockade. In July 2022, an agreement was brokered between Turkey and United Nations for limited exports, especially grain, as without it there would be millions of starving people worldwide. Russia agreed, provided that imports to Ukraine would not be permitted. The period from February to July 2022 was tense, questioning if the North Atlantic Treaty Organization would contravene the Montreux Convention to break the export blockade. Since then, concerns remain around the import blockade. Unless other agreements can be reached, the Montreux Convention and other similar international conventions may be put to the test.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-10-06T06:03:36Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231205086
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- Book Review: Greek Maritime History: From the Periphery to the Centre by
Katerina Galani and Alexandra Papadopoulou, eds.-
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Authors: Liam Gauci
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-29T10:28:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231205642
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- International missions of the Suomen Joutsen: Finland's naval diplomacy,
1931–1939-
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Authors: Andrea Rizzi
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
The aim of this article is to analyse the identity-making role played by the maritime factor in promoting the international picture of the young Finnish republic by using the case study of the frigate Suomen Joutsen on its international voyages from 1931 to 1939. The rituals of naval diplomacy meant that the political, diplomatic and commercial authorities of the nations visited were brought on board the ship and contacts were made with the recently established Finnish consular network. In addition to such contacts, the extensive use of the press and radio was an important factor in promoting the young Finnish republic. Moreover, in countries with important communities of Finnish emigrants, contacts were made with those groups. Finally, with a floating exhibition of Finnish products on board, it was possible to establish commercial relations. Hence, the international cruises of the Suomen Joutsen were fundamental channels for the representation of the young Finnish nation.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-28T09:21:24Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202172
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- Book Review: Chasing the Bounty: The Voyages of the Pandora and Matavy by
Donald A. Maxton-
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Authors: Gerhard de Kok
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-26T07:52:34Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202345
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- On-board radio communication and its development in a historical
perspective-
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Authors: Raquel Esther Rey Charlo
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
This article presents an explanation of the incorporation of on-board radio communication as a consequence of the growing concerns for maritime safety. It focuses on the economic, political and social characteristics that influenced its incorporation and evolution, and a legislative change in safety. The article demonstrates how the evolution of radio communication has been very important as the only emerging means to request and provide assistance on the high seas. In addition, the study provides evidence of the technological leap that has improved radio communication, with a new system with a high degree of reliability: the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-21T06:35:47Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202163
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- Book Review: Warship Builders: An Industrial History of US Naval
Shipbuilding, 1922–1945 by Thomas Heinrich-
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Authors: Saara Matala
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-20T10:34:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202179
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- Book Review: Suppressing Piracy in the Early Eighteenth Century: Pirates,
Merchants and British Imperial Authority in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans
by David Wilson-
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Authors: Guy Chet
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-20T10:33:57Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231203821
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- Book Review: The Routledge Companion to Marine and Maritime Worlds,
1400–1800 by Claire Jowitt, Craig Lambert and Steve Mentz-
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Authors: Stephan Nicolussi-Köhler
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-20T10:33:27Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202160
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- Book Review: War, Trade and the State: Anglo-Dutch Conflict, 1652–89 by
David Ormrod and Gijs Rommelse-
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Authors: Benjamin W. D. Redding
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-19T06:27:37Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202165
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- Book Review: Encounters at Sea: Paper, Objects and Sentiments in Motion
across the Mediterranean: An Intellectual Journey through the Collections
of the Riccardiana Library in Florence by Giovanni Tarantino, Giorgio
Riello and José María Pérez Fernández-
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Authors: Paolo Calcagno
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-16T10:58:11Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202162
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- Book Review: Elisabeth Mann Borgese and the Law of the Sea by Tirza Meyer
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Authors: Barry J. Ryan
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-16T10:43:56Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202168
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- Mapping trade, risk and extreme weather in the first globalization: The
AveTransRisk database-
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Authors: Jake Dyble, Antonio Iodice
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
This research note introduces the award-winning AveTransRisk database, the result of an extensive project capturing data on early modern maritime trade, specifically in the Mediterranean region. It focuses on the concept of General Average, where shipmasters voluntarily sacrificed cargo to save their vessels from peril. General Average procedures, including accident reports and damage calculations, provide valuable information for economic and maritime historians. The AveTransRisk database offers detailed insights into routes, cargo, weather conditions, ships, seafarers and transaction costs. It enables scholars to examine broader topics such as comparative maritime economies, the evolution of legal institutions and risk management. Fully relational and equipped with advanced search functions and mapping capabilities, the database facilitates comprehensive analysis. As it expands to include voyages from other European archives, its usability and resilience increase. Supported by the University of Exeter's digital infrastructure, the AveTransRisk database contributes to the sustainability of digital resources in historical research.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-16T09:54:15Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202395
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- Book Review: Art and the Sea by Emma Roberts
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Authors: Claire Sutherland
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-14T11:21:26Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202344
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- Book Review: Transport to Another World: HMS Tamar and the Sinews of
Empire by Stephen Davies-
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Authors: Kristof Loockx
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-14T11:20:26Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202174
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- Book Review: Out of the Depths: A History of Shipwrecks by Alan G.
Jamieson-
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Authors: Nathan Richards
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-13T06:41:59Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202170
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- Book Review: Chronicling Westerners in Nineteenth-Century East Asia:
Lives, Linkages, and Imperial Connections by Robert S. G. Fletcher and
Robert Hellyer-
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Authors: Joseph M. Henning
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-13T06:41:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202166
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- Sweden – a nation of seafarers or peasants' Swedish naval officers and
national identity as revealed in the magazine Vår Flotta, 1905–1939-
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Authors: Andreas Linderoth
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Swedish national identity reflects a tradition of independent freeholding peasants, even though the majority of the population lives along the coasts. The sea has often been neglected in studies analysing Swedish national identity. This article analyses one of many Swedish narratives of national identity – namely, that found in the monthly magazine Vår Flotta: Tidskrift för Sjövapnet (Our Fleet: Magazine for the Navy). The narrative of the magazine strongly emphasized the importance of the sea to Sweden. The sea, with its strong symbolism, was a vital part of the magazine's national narrative. According to Vår Flotta, the sea and its control would determine Sweden's fate as it had historically. The navy had saved Sweden from being dragged into a war or being invaded by foreign powers. A close connection to the sea, facing its dangers, would also allow the true Swedish national qualities to develop: bravery, calmness, confidence, cleanliness and a willingness to make sacrifices for the greater good. The national-identity narrative in the magazine remained fairly constant across the 35 years studied in this article.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-12T06:25:37Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231201280
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- Swedish sailor songs, popular culture and maritime national identities,
1918–1960-
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Authors: Henrik Arnstad
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
In twentieth-century Sweden, conventional inland nationalism was challenged by strong currents of maritime national identities. The reason was a national frenzy regarding maritime popular music – primarily, songs about Swedish sailors and their adventures in exotic faraway lands. Throughout the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, and continuing into the 1950s, numerous Swedish composers, singers and musicians produced hundreds of sailor songs. Their commercial success was staggering, to the delight of Sweden's developing music industry, but the identitarian consequences were even more astonishing. Maritime national identities flourished as Swedishness itself changed drastically via this huge exposure to sailor songs.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-12T06:24:58Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231197964
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- Fringers: Women in Fishery in Trieste’s Maritime District,
1885–1923-
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Authors: Erica Mezzoli
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
This article aims to highlight the characteristics of women’s labour participation in fisheries in the communities of the maritime periphery of the city port of Trieste. In the period in question, Trieste’s Maritime District was a strip of shoreline that extended from Grado (present-day Italy) to Savudrija (now Croatia). Apart from a few relevant cases, it had hardly been touched by the capitalist system of production. In this context, fisheries sometimes represented a significant source of wealth and employment for the populations of the local maritime communities. The women involved in fisheries were mainly factory labourers, fishmongers and owners of fishing boats. Their marginality (or marginalities) can be understood as ‘structural’ and a ‘social role’, and was articulated on different levels. Nevertheless, it seems necessary to go beyond the mere recognition of their liminality and, more generally, the traditional binarism characterizing gender studies in maritime contexts.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-04T07:52:16Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231197545
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- Shipping legitimacy and identity: The Danish Maritime Museum, 1915 and
2013-
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Authors: Anders Ravn Sørensen
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
In this article, the author describes how the creation of the Danish maritime museums in 1915 and 2013 – both generously funded by maritime foundations and actors – was perceived by the shipping industry as initiatives that would help market the industry in the eyes of the public. He argues more generally that national maritime museums constitute focal points for disseminating narratives that legitimate maritime activities and establish these activities as symbols of national identities. It is suggested that maritime historians, curators and scholars reflect on the relationship between maritime industry actors and museum exhibition narratives, and consider the interests and capital that potentially underpin museums’ and curators’ decisions.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-31T06:57:14Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231197762
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- Whaling and wailing: Childbirth at sea on nineteenth-century whaling
voyages-
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Authors: Olivia L Thomas
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Nineteenth century whaling voyages commonly lasted several years, as the vessels and crews would not return to their home port until the holds were full of whale oil. Sailors with wives and families at home would be separated from their loved ones until their job at sea was done. This extended separation led many whaling wives to join their husbands on board. On the musty, cramped ships that would be their homes for several years, some whaling wives brought their children along, some were pregnant when they boarded and some conceived at sea. Ideally, a pregnant whaling wife would be put ashore in the later stages of her pregnancy to avoid giving birth on board the dirty, pitching, male-dominated whaling ship, but such relief was not always possible. Nineteenth century childbirth was shifting from female-dominated midwifery to male-dominated medical obstetrics. This change was marked by new training in midwifery, the invention of new obstetric equipment, and sometimes, more positive obstetric outcomes. Even on land, at the best of times, childbirth was still a potentially dangerous and devastating experience. This paper compares typical childbirth conditions, strategies and outcomes of the nineteenth century with those faced by whaling wives at sea.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-30T06:58:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231198614
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- Book Review: The Untold War at Sea: America’s Revolutionary
Privateers by Kylie A. Hulbert-
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Authors: Erik Odegard
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-23T07:26:29Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231194520
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- Book Review: The ‘Long Eighteenth Century’ in Maritime Asian History
by Shimada Ryūto-
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Authors: Thidrek (Rik) Vossen
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-16T06:16:04Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231194530
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- Book Review: Atlantic Piracy in the Early Nineteenth Century: The Shocking
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Authors: Andrew Lambert
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-16T06:15:34Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231194524
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- Book Review
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Authors: Shinsuke Satsuma
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-10T07:18:19Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231194533
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- Book Review: Unfree Workers: Insubordination and Resistance in Convict
Australia, 1788–1860 by Hamish Maxwell-Stewart and Michael Quinlan-
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Authors: Johan Heinsen
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-09T07:36:28Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231195203
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- Book Review: Genesis of the Grand Fleet: The Admiralty, Germany, and the
Home Fleet, 1896–1914 by Christopher M. Buckey-
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Authors: Jayne Friend
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-09T07:26:28Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231194527
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- Book Review: Crisis and Legitimacy in Atlantic American Narratives of
Piracy, 1678–1865 by Alexandra Ganser-
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Authors: Hayley Cotter
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-09T06:43:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231194522
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- Book Review: Der Seewurf: Studien zur lex Rhodia de iactu by David Haubner
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Authors: Gijs Dreijer
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-08T06:47:49Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231194528
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- Book Review: Gunboats, Empire and the China Station: The Royal Navy in
1920s East Asia by Matthew Heaslip-
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Authors: Christopher Reinhart
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-07T07:00:45Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231194531
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- Book Review: A Dissimulated Trade: Northern European Timber Merchants in
Seville (1574–1598) by Germán Jiménez-Montes-
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Authors: Alejandro García-Montón
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-08-07T07:00:25Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231194523
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- Loss of life at sea from shipping British coal since 1890
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Authors: Tim Carter, John G. Williams, Hance D. Smith, Jennifer Protheroe-Jones, Ann John, Stephen E. Roberts
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
There was continuing public and political concern about the loss of life at sea during the second half of the nineteenth century in Britain. New regulatory requirements, introduced to examine the competence of officers, prevent overloading and reduce the risks from hazardous cargoes such as coal, were in place by 1890. However, the effectiveness of these measures was not systematically monitored at the time. This retrospective evaluation reviews subsequent loss of life in the coal trade, the largest sector of British exports by weight. Loss of life remained high; it was more dangerous to export a ton of coal than it was to mine it. Some routes, such as those around Cape Horn and to Scandinavia, carried the highest risk, and losses on European voyages were more common in winter. Over time, the risks reduced as sail gave way to steam and diesel propulsion, and as maritime communications improved.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-07-13T06:41:59Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231181754
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- Editorial
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Authors: Cátia Antunes, Michiel van Groesen
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-07-10T07:08:00Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231187767
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- Managing economies, managing nature: Industry and regulation of fisheries
in the post-war Soviet Union and Norway-
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Authors: Gregory Ferguson-Cradler
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
In the aftermath of the Second World War, states across the world sought to expand industrial fishing to both feed and employ their populations. This article examines the structure of the post-war fishing political economies in two countries separated by the Cold War divide: the Soviet Union and Norway. Their political-economic organization and governing ideologies differed, yet many of the goals and objectives of resource management were similar. The mechanisms to enforce regulation, however, were widely divergent, reflecting varying configurations of state power and social control.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-06-26T08:30:42Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231182504
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- The power of fishing: The introduction of steam and motorization in
Scandinavian fishing, 1880–1950-
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Authors: Per Hallén, Lennart Bornmalm, Henrik Alexandersson
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
The history of fishing has often been written from a local or regional perspective. There has gradually been a shift where fishing has been studied from a broader international perspective. Nevertheless, large international overviews need detailed studies of individual ports in a similar way as studies of individual ports benefit from the international perspective. The introduction of steam-powered fishing vessels in Scandinavia has often been regarded as an attempt to imitate fishing in Great Britain. However, a closer study of the Scandinavian countries shows that this does not match, for example, the Norwegian steam fishing fleet. Scandinavia's two main fishing ports with steam-powered fishing vessels, Ålesund in Norway and Gothenburg in Sweden, show great differences. Gothenburg is the place that has the most similarities with the large British fishing ports. Steam-powered fishing vessels played a modest role in Danish fishing. On the other hand, when it comes to the introduction of engines, the Danish fishery was the leader. However, it would take more than 30 years from the first functionable engines around the turn of the twentieth century before motor-driven fishing vessels could begin to compete with steam-powered fishing vessels. The problems of financing the new technology are emphasized in the article. Government loans were important in many countries, but much research is still needed to clarify the proportion that was government-financed and how much other financial actors contributed.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-06-05T06:55:12Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231178144
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- On reckoning with games of chance in the Dutch Republic
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Authors: Jessen Kelly
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
This article examines a distinctive type of drinking vessel that was produced in early modern northern Europe known as a ‘somersault cup’ or ‘drink-up’. Lacking a proper base, such beakers had to be emptied of their intoxicating contents before they could rest, inverted, on their rims. These cups clearly lent themselves to hazardous drinking games. The author considers how the confrontation with chance in these drinking vessels broadly pertains to managing the hazards of maritime vessels. She focuses on the implications of dice glasses, which incorporate a single die, in the Dutch Republic circa 1580–1700. The advent of the dice vessels coincides with the Republic's ascendancy as a global mercantile and maritime power. These glasses were produced just as uncertain futures were increasingly subjected to reasoned calculation, particularly in the growing marine insurance industry. Dice glasses suggest complex relationships between numbers and material things in early constructions of risk and future uncertainty.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-05-02T06:11:53Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231171775
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- Beyond Greenland: Other aspects of Georgian Liverpool's whaling trade
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Authors: Simon Hill
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Most of the existing research on Georgian Liverpool's whaling activities has focused on the northern whaling trade around the Arctic and Greenland. However, this article sheds new light by exploring the port's other whaling activities – namely, the southern whale fishery. In doing so, this short research note expands the geography of Liverpool's whaling industry and suggests that it may have had ties to the port's most notorious activity – transatlantic slavery.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-04-28T11:42:18Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231171270
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- High seas and hard drinks: Alcohol rations on Dutch vessels
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Authors: Charlotte Jarvis
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
How valid is the historical reputation of drunken sailors' On board Dutch vessels in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, how much alcohol was really being issued at a time when the Dutch were perhaps the most intensely maritime nation in Europe' Were Dutch sailors, therefore, exceptional in their alcohol consumption when compared to other European nations’ navies and merchant marines' Mariners consumed all types of alcohol on land and at sea, although drinking during the early modern period was culturally contextualized and done for a wide array of purposes besides intoxication. At sea, Dutch ships issued alcohol rations consisting of beer, wine and/or spirits. Just as the British gave out rum, the Dutch ships distributed genever. Overall, Dutch vessels did issue more alcohol, by per cent, compared to other states, even as the types of alcohol consumed varied. This article compares the Dutch maritime drinking rates and practices with those of other European nations to determine if sailors on Dutch ships were excessive or atypical.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-04-25T04:52:09Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231169817
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- Breaking the ‘Baltic barrier’: St. Petersburg as a new export
outlet-
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Authors: Yrjö Kaukiainen
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
The founding of St. Petersburg demonstrates the redistribution of power brought about by the Great Northern War. This new order also had an economic dimension: the city and port aimed to displace the old outlets of Russia's foreign trade. The change, however, was much slower than the traditional historical narrative suggests. Riga's shipping volumes exceeded those of St. Petersburg until the 1780s. In theory, St. Petersburg had huge hinterlands covering the old economic realms of Novgorod and Pskov, as well as Muscovy lands stretching to the Urals and beyond. However, St. Petersburg's transport connections beyond the Valdai Hills were arduous: they relied on a riverine route that could only be navigated with shallow-draft barges. Moreover, most of the route's transport potential was needed to carry grain for the population of St. Petersburg. This left rather small margins for the transit of export goods to the port.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-04-25T04:51:50Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231169583
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- Risk and Uncertainty in France's Atlantic Slave Trade
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Authors: Mallory Hope
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
In the eighteenth century, about 12% of Atlantic slave-trading voyages organized under the French flag ended in shipwreck, condemnation of the vessel by Admiralty authorities, capture by privateers or pirates, or with the enslaved men and women on board taking control of the ship. During this period, a commercial solution was available to insulate slave traders from the financial losses that shipwreck, capture, and revolts represented to them: marine insurance policies, written to cover the estimated value of enslaved people and slaving vessels. According to early modern merchant manuals and legal commentaries, insurance underwriters compensated losses during slave-trading ventures according to stable principles that were consistent throughout the Atlantic world. In this article, however, I explore new evidence beyond these published sources by comparing the terms of 13 marine insurance policies underwritten in France to cover investments in slave-trading ships and in enslaved people. In these contracts, we find that purchasers of insurance coverage and underwriters added conditions not foreseen in merchants’ and lawyers’ manuals, as well as lines that contradicted the terms such guidebooks and commentaries claimed were standard. Marine insurance policies that covered slave-trading ships were used to hand off the possible financial fallout from profoundly unpredictable situations—not only conflicts between European powers, but also violent encounters between enslavers and captives, between European and African slave traders, and wars between African kingdoms. Insurance policies underwritten on the hulls and cargoes of slave ships thus show that marine insurance in the early modern world was a tool for redistributing both Knightian risk and Knightian uncertainty.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-03-28T07:45:43Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231163411
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- Coda: Risk and uncertainty in the past and present
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Authors: Mallory Hope, Lewis Wade, Gijs Dreijer
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
This coda takes stock of the articles in the forum and subsequently draws some lessons from the articles on the question of how to deal with risk and uncertainty in the present. It argues that looking at how risk and uncertainty were perceived and dealt with in the early modern world allows one to envisage new solutions to deal with the major problems facing human society today, such as climate change.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-03-21T06:06:43Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231164505
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- Introduction: Risk and Uncertainty in the Early Modern World
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Authors: Lewis Wade, Gijs Dreijer, Mallory Hope
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
This article introduces the various articles in this forum. It first sets the scene by showing why the maritime sector forms an excellent case study to investigate risk and uncertainty in the premodern world. Second, it problematises from a historical perspective both Frank Knight's and Douglass North's approaches to risk and uncertainty, arguing that notwithstanding the lack of data, premodern commerce could properly assess both risk and uncertainty. Third, it introduces the various articles in the forum.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-03-14T07:37:02Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231161960
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- Risky Business: The database of insurance prices (circa 1400 to circa
1900)-
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Authors: Sabine Go, Antonio Iodice, Giovanni Ceccarrelli
First page: 493
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
The Risky Business database is a newly created database that contains information regarding insurance contracts from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century from markets in Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The database, which is accessible to everyone, is populated with data from existing data sets as well as data collected from primary sources. It includes information on the routes for which insurance could be bought, the premium percentages, and the types of cargo and ships. In addition to an interactive map that graphically shows the various routes, there is a search function to raise queries. The results can be downloaded and links to the original sources are provided.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-09-28T09:21:44Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231202387
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- Chatting with Michael N. Pearson (1941–2023)
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Authors: Rila Mukherjee
First page: 669
Abstract: International Journal of Maritime History, Ahead of Print.
Citation: International Journal of Maritime History
PubDate: 2023-11-07T12:23:30Z
DOI: 10.1177/08438714231208828
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