JournalTOCs

History of Geo- and Space Sciences
Number of Followers: 2

This is an Open Access Journal

Open Access journal
ISSN (Print) 2190-5010 - ISSN (Online) 2190-5029
Published by Copernicus Publications

[54 journals]

Comparing the evolution of ESA versus NASA technology transfer approach:
market and public demand drivers
- Abstract: Comparing the evolution of ESA versus NASA technology transfer approach: market and public demand drivers
  Giorgio Petroni, Benedetta Pini, Serena Filippelli, and Alberto Petroni
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-8,2023
  Preprint under review for HGSS (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  ESA and NASA have distinct technology transfer approaches, including differences in organizational structure, funding mechanisms, intellectual property strategies, international collaborations, business incubation centers, and commercialization focus. However, both agencies share the common goals of maximizing the societal and economic impact of space technologies and fostering innovation through technology transfer.
  PubDate: Wed, 30 Aug 2023 16:46:28 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-2023-82023
The early meteorological network of the Societas Meteorologica Palatina
(1781–1792): foundation, organization, and reception
- Abstract: The early meteorological network of the Societas Meteorologica Palatina (1781–1792): foundation, organization, and reception
  Peter Winkler
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 93–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-93-2023, 2023
  The foundation of the Societas Meteorologica Palatina was the most important step toward a physical consideration of meteorology. The organization was exemplary for later observational networks. The data were printed in 12 volumes of ephemerides, being for a long time the most important and reliable database for scientific research. This data pool is not only of historical interest, but it is also used in modern research in many fields.
  PubDate: Tue, 29 Aug 2023 16:46:28 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-14-93-2023 2023
A New Propose for Prehistoric Tritonis Lake’s Location based on
Apollonius of Rhodes’ description
- Abstract: A New Propose for Prehistoric Tritonis Lake’s Location based on Apollonius of Rhodes’ description
  Stavros Papamarinopoulos, Panagiota Preka-Papadema, Konstantinos Kalachanis, Habik-Hasak Maroukian, Georgios Saraditis, Dimitrios Theodosopoulos, and Chris Tzanis
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2022-15,2023
  Preprint under review for HGSS (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  The Argonauts’ trip along the northern limit of the Libyan Desert, from Syrtis Gulf to Tritonis Lake, is described by Apollonius Rhodes’ text ‘Argonautica’. The Argonauts sailed in this lake and located a narrow passage through which they exit to the Mediterranean’s coast.
  PubDate: Thu, 29 Jun 2023 10:46:31 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-2022-152023
New Zealand's first gauge-based sea level measurements
- Abstract: New Zealand's first gauge-based sea level measurements
  Glen H. Rowe
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 77–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-77-2023, 2023
  New Zealand’s first tide-gauge-based sea level measurements were made in 1773 during James Cook’s second voyage of discovery to the South Pacific. The paper examines the quality of those measurements by comparison with tide predictions based on modern information from locations close to the sites of the 1773 observations. The results show that the quality of their work was of at least a high standard. Whilst of little scientific value today, these measurements are historically significant.
  PubDate: Fri, 16 Jun 2023 13:45:46 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-14-77-2023 2023
Atmospheric electricity observations by Reinhold Reiter around
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
- Abstract: Atmospheric electricity observations by Reinhold Reiter around Garmisch-Partenkirchen
  R. Giles Harrison and Kristian Schlegel
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 71–75, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-71-2023, 2023
  Environmental measurements were undertaken by Reinhold Reiter (1920–1998) around Garmisch-Partenkirchen in the Bavarian Alps for 4 decades. This included measurement sites on the Zugspitze and Wank mountains as well as the use of an instrumented cable car between the Eibsee and the Zugspitze summit. The Mount Wank site operated between 1 August 1972 and 31 December 1983, and the hourly data values – including atmospheric electricity quantities – for this site have been recovered.
  PubDate: Wed, 07 Jun 2023 23:05:14 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-14-71-2023 2023
History of EISCAT – Part 6: the participation of Japan in the EISCAT
Scientific Association
- Abstract: History of EISCAT – Part 6: the participation of Japan in the EISCAT Scientific Association
  Nobuo Matuura, Ryoichi Fujii, and Satonori Nozawa
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 61–69, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-61-2023, 2023
  This paper describes the details of the Japan's participation in the EISCAT Radar Scientific Association as the 7th associate country approved in 1995, emphasizing strong collaboration with Norwegian scientists and the EISCAT Radar Scientific Association towards the realization of the Svalbard second antenna. Also described is a brief summary of Japanese EISCAT-related scientific achievement, comprehensive scientific collaborations so far between Japan and Europe, and hopes for EISCAT_3D.
  PubDate: Wed, 31 May 2023 14:54:18 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-14-61-2023 2023
Historical geomagnetic observations from Prague observatory (since 1839)
and their contribution to geomagnetic research
- Abstract: Historical geomagnetic observations from Prague observatory (since 1839) and their contribution to geomagnetic research
  Pavel Hejda, Fridrich Valach, and Miloš Revallo
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-51-2023, 2023
  Historical observations are important, even for modern science (such as space research). The Clementinum in Prague was one of the first observatories where systematic measurements of the geomagnetic field commenced. We focus on the beginning of these Prague measurements, which were introduced by Karl Kreil in 1839. We describe archived data from that time, some details about the main instrument for observing magnetic storms and the first magnetic mapping in Bohemia.
  PubDate: Tue, 04 Apr 2023 09:39:42 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-14-51-2023 2023
History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk geomagnetic observatories
– Part 2: Seddin
- Abstract: History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk geomagnetic observatories – Part 2: Seddin
  Hans-Joachim Linthe
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 43–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-43-2023, 2023
  Due to anthropogenic disturbances on the Potsdam Magnetic Observatory, a sub-observatory was installed in 1907 in the village of Seddin. Only variometer recordings were performed there. The launch of the DC-powered service of the Berlin suburban railway in 1928 influenced the observations in Potsdam and Seddin. The absolute measurements were moved to Seddin, and a new observatory was planned in Niemegk. Seddin Observatory closed in 1932.
  PubDate: Mon, 06 Mar 2023 17:33:37 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-14-43-2023 2023
The role of history in and for climate science – Social context and
oral accounts
- Abstract: The role of history in and for climate science – Social context and oral accounts
  Hans von Storch
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci. Discuss., https//doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-6,2023
  Preprint under review for HGSS (discussion: open, 0 comments)
  Climate science underwent a rapid expansion in the last decades, associated with ever growing significance for climate policy. On the other hand, climate science is, as all sciences, also a social process. Confronted with these developments, several different series of oral interviews with climate scholars, of different seniority, were done and archived. The present article gives an overview of these interviews, and tries to briefly describe the social context of climate science.
  PubDate: Wed, 22 Feb 2023 21:10:44 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-2023-62023
A pioneering time of discoveries in large-scale tropical meteorology: 1960
through 1972
- Abstract: A pioneering time of discoveries in large-scale tropical meteorology: 1960 through 1972
  Roland A. Madden
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 33–41, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-33-2023, 2023
  The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is an important phenomenon in tropical meteorology first discovered in the early 1970s by Roland Madden and Paul Julian. In this paper, Roland Madden relates the story of developments in theory, observations, and analysis techniques in the 1960s that led to that discovery.
  PubDate: Tue, 21 Feb 2023 21:10:44 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-14-33-2023 2023
History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk geomagnetic observatories
– Part 1: Potsdam
- Abstract: History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk geomagnetic observatories – Part 1: Potsdam
  Hans-Joachim Linthe
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 23–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-23-2023, 2023
  Gauß, Weber and Humboldt initiated the systematic observation of the Earth’s magnetic field in Germany. The first geomagnetic observatories were installed in Munich, Berlin and Wilhelmshaven. The Potsdam Magnetic Observatory was officially opened on 1 January 1890. Due to anthropogenic disturbances, a sub-observatory was installed in 1907 in the village of Seddin. The launch of the DC-powered service of the Berlin suburban railway system in 1928 terminated the observations in Potsdam.
  PubDate: Tue, 21 Feb 2023 10:03:49 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-14-23-2023 2023
Foundation of the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in its
international context
- Abstract: Foundation of the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in its international context
  Johannes Schweitzer
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 15–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-15-2023, 2023
  This article describes the international seismological cooperation at the start of the last century and how this cooperation changed due to WWI. These changes were the direct reasons leading to the foundation of the Deutsche Seismologische Gesellschaft (DSG) in 1922, which changed its name to the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) 2 years later. It then describes the further development of the relationship between German geophysicists and their colleagues until the start of WWII.
  PubDate: Wed, 15 Feb 2023 07:24:27 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-14-15-2023 2023
Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days
before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data
- Abstract: Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data
  Marc de Vos, Panagiotis Kountouris, Lasse Rabenstein, John Shears, Mira Suhrhoff, and Christian Katlein
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-1-2023, 2023
  Poor visibility on the 3 d prior to the sinking of Sir Ernest Shackleton’s vessel, Endurance, during November 1915, hampered navigator Frank Worsley’s attempts to record its position. Thus, whilst the wreck was located in the Weddell Sea in March 2022, the drift path of Endurance during its final 3 d at the surface remained unknown. We used data from a modern meteorological model to reconstruct possible trajectories for this unknown portion of Endurance’s journey.
  PubDate: Fri, 27 Jan 2023 21:31:19 +010
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-14-1-2023 2023
A review of different mascon approaches for regional gravity field
modelling since 1968
- Abstract: A review of different mascon approaches for regional gravity field modelling since 1968
  Markus Antoni
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 13, 205–217, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-205-2022, 2022
  The term mascon either refers to the fact of a significant gravity anomaly within a celestial body or to a modelling of these gravitational anomalies by localising base functions. The localising base functions that are labelled as mascons include point masses or surface elements based on the simple layer representation. In the case of surface elements, the surface density is constant per mascon, and each localising base function is a two-dimensional step function on the sphere.
  PubDate: Thu, 29 Sep 2022 08:24:51 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-13-205-2022 2022
HMS Challenger and SMS Gazelle – their 19th century voyages compared
- Abstract: HMS Challenger and SMS Gazelle – their 19th century voyages compared
  W. John Gould
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 13, 171–204, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-171-2022, 2022
  The paper compares the historical context, organization, personnel, conduct, and scientific innovation of the voyages of HMS Challenger (1872–6) and SMS Gazelle (1874–6). Though the expeditions were in many regards similar, the Challenger expedition became famous and is regarded as marking the start of global marine science, while the Gazelle voyage remains almost unknown. Why' A surprising factor may be what we now know as "health and safety" issues.
  PubDate: Thu, 22 Sep 2022 08:22:58 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-13-171-2022 2022
History of Kakioka Magnetic Observatory
- Abstract: History of Kakioka Magnetic Observatory
  Ikuko Fujii and Shingo Nagamachi
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 13, 147–170, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-147-2022, 2022
  Kakioka Magnetic Observatory (KMO) has been monitoring the geomagnetic field and electric field at Kakioka, Japan, since 1913. It has promoted a variety of observations and research activities. In 1972, KMO developed the Kakioka Automatic Standard Magnetometer (KASMMER) system, which enabled them to provide geomagnetic field data of the highest quality. Today, KMO operates a network of observatories in Japan and maintains the observations with the longest history in East Asia.
  PubDate: Fri, 26 Aug 2022 23:51:16 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-13-147-2022 2022
Atmospheric electricity observations at Lerwick Geophysical Observatory
- Abstract: Atmospheric electricity observations at Lerwick Geophysical Observatory
  R. Giles Harrison and John C. Riddick
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 13, 133–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-133-2022, 2022
  Lerwick Observatory in Shetland has recently celebrated its centenary. Measurements of atmospheric electricity were made at the site between 1925 and 1984. The instruments and equipment used for this are discussed and the value of the measurements obtained assessed. A major aspect of the atmospheric electricity work was explaining the dramatic changes which followed the nuclear weapons test period. Although less well known, there are strong parallels with the discovery of the ozone hole.
  PubDate: Mon, 08 Aug 2022 08:50:10 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-13-133-2022 2022
Global tephra studies: role and importance of the international tephra
- Abstract: Global tephra studies: role and importance of the international tephra research group “Commission on Tephrochronology” in its first 60 years
  David J. Lowe, Peter M. Abbott, Takehiko Suzuki, and Britta J. L. Jensen
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 13, 93–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-93-2022, 2022
  The Commission on Tephrochronology (COT), formed in 1961, comprises geoscientists who characterize, map, and date tephra (volcanic ash) layers and use them as stratigraphic linking and dating tools in geological, palaeoenvironmental, and archaeological research. We review COT's origins and growth and show how its leadership and activities – hosting meetings, supporting ECRs, developing new analytical and dating methods, and publishing volumes – have strongly influenced tephrochronology globally.
  PubDate: Tue, 12 Jul 2022 14:05:12 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-13-93-2022 2022
Intellectually gifted but inherently fragile – society's view of female
scientists as experienced by seismologist Inge Lehmann up to 1930
- Abstract: Intellectually gifted but inherently fragile – society's view of female scientists as experienced by seismologist Inge Lehmann up to 1930
  Lif Lund Jacobsen
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 13, 83–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-83-2022, 2022
  The road to success for Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann (1888–1993) – known for her 1936 discovery of the Earth's inner core – was difficult and full of challenges. While she herself refused to accept any notion of gender difference ascribed, society at large was less open-minded. Using newly discovered, unpublished historical documents, this article examines to what degree her gender played a decisive role in her graduate and postgraduate experiences.
  PubDate: Mon, 02 May 2022 16:17:32 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-13-83-2022 2022
History of the Tromsø ionosphere heating facility
- Abstract: History of the Tromsø ionosphere heating facility
  Michael T. Rietveld and Peter Stubbe
  Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 13, 71–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-71-2022, 2022
  We present the history of how and why a high-power radio wave transmitter facility with large antenna arrays was built in northern Norway in the 1970s with the aim of injecting radio waves into the auroral ionosphere. The facility has conducted fundamental research on plasmas, by heating electrons and exciting plasma waves in the ionosphere; the effects of these experiments have been measured using a host of other instruments, such as incoherent scatter radars, radio receivers, and cameras.
  PubDate: Fri, 22 Apr 2022 00:28:25 +020
  DOI: 10.5194/hgss-13-71-2022 2022