Authors:Melek KUTLU DİVLELİ; Norwina MOHD NAWAWI, Aida Kesuma AZMIN Abstract: Rifat Chadirji, as one of Iraq's regionalist architects, played a significant role in the formation of 1950s Iraq's modern architecture. He was a well-known architect in England and the Arabic world through his many projects and publications. However, despite the recognition for his architectural ideology and design works in the Arabic languages, there is almost no global exposure to Chadirji's regional architecture products. Despite the various economic and political troubles Iraq has experienced since the First World War, including the many restrictions from the changing political environments, learning from the works of Rifat Chadirji increases awareness of the local architecture. Much literature informs that Chadirji, despite undergoing a modern Western architectural education, his architecture reflects the local traces and characters. Therefore, this paper intends to examine buildings designed by Chadirji to reveal the ideology of Architect-Rifat Chadirji in the foundation of modern Iraqi architecture from the 1952s to the 1980s. The study was conducted in the capital city of Iraq, Baghdad, by employing two parts of qualitative analyses, i.e., firstly, for developing a theoretical framework, using content and descriptive analyses from various writings and projects of the subject under study, and secondly, for case studies. Nine buildings were chosen as case studies, within which three were selected for each period. The significance of these findings led to deriving the components of Iraq's Regional Architecture of the 20th Century. The findings will also be a great source of inspiration for the architectural community, the Arab community, and the local Iraqis to continue to explore Chadirji's legacy to make Iraq's modern architecture, their Arab Regional Architecture, their own. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Cemil YAVUZ; Nazife Aslı KAYA Abstract: In product design, a thorough understanding of the materials used is crucial. The material must be thoughtfully evaluated and integrated throughout the entire design process, from its initial introduction to its eventual incorporation into the final product. Typically, material selection occurs towards the finale of the product design process in Industrial Design departments. In other words, the product determines the material used. However, the material can also influence the product's design based on its properties and characteristics. The materials and production methods influence product quality, sustainability, and appeal. Therefore, careful consideration of these factors is imperative during product development. For novice designers, pursuing knowledge begins in higher education and continues throughout their professional lives. As inquisitive individuals, designers should strive to stay up to date with all developments related to technology and manufacturing, including newly produced materials.In this research, an evaluation is carried out to assess the efficacy of the Materials and Production Techniques courses offered by the Industrial Design Department at Gazi University. A total of 148 first- and second-year students who enrolled in the course participated in research through online surveys. Upon analysing the results, it was found that the second-grade students performed better regarding their knowledge of materials and manufacturing methods. Students' perceptions of products made with different materials were measured, as the sensory properties of the material were deemed crucial in addition to its structural and functional properties. The research was carried out with the students who took this course during the distance education period and also aimed to measure the effect of distance education on teaching material and manufacturing methods. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Nuriye Hande KUTBAY; Cemil YAVUZ Abstract: Houses, in general, are the places fulfilling the needs of individuals as sheltering, protection etc. and have been consistently evolving according to changes in these needs due to new lifestyles and trends and by the means of developing technologies in construction and materials. While differentiated in accordance with each period’s social, economic and cultural, houses have played a major role in the creation of a rich residence culture. Like in general, changes in lifestyles, which also affected by religions, have shaped typological features of Turkish houses in terms of both architectural style and in-room arrangements. While it is possible to come across with many examples of this formation in different regions of Turkey, generation and development of Yalvaç House has also formed in this line. In this study, the general change of the Turkish House and housing structures are discussed within the framework of the developments in the culture of cleaning and bathing, in-room bathing solutions are given and gusülhane concept, which has emerged as an in-room bathing solution in extended family lifestyle that shaped with religion, is examined. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Eda KOÇAK; Demet EROL Abstract: The mass relocation of societies for different reasons has continued throughout human history, but it was only in the late 18th century that it attracted the attention of theorists and became theoretically grounded. Migration dynamics in this period were mostly based on labor force and the reasons were explained by rural and urban dynamics. However, the fact that societies leave the lands they are accustomed to not only for a better life but also for very different reasons has become the biggest problem of recent years.The main interest of the literature is not where migration starts but where it ends. Cities have become the geography of those who relocate for different reasons. However, the main task of city administrators is to predict who will live where with long term or short term plans. At the same time, ensuring that everyone living in urban areas has access to all services under equal conditions is among their basic duties and a fundamental right for all urban dwellers. In recent years, the political conflict in Middle Eastern countries has begun to affect other countries as well. The chaos in the Middle East countries has also affected other countries. Starting in 2011, mass displacement has also pushed international borders.The geography of this chaos, which is an important part of international politics, has been "cities". In Turkey, especially Southeastern Anatolian cities have suddenly faced migration flows far exceeding their capacity. This article, which describes the networks that form the ties between migration and cities with a geography, consists of four main sections. The first part is about literature selection. The triad of migration, social network and social capital is associated with higher education. The second part is the method section, which explains the framework on which the sample selection of the study is based, the data collection tools and the techniques used in data analysis. The third section presents the findings on the demographic structure, migration processes, social capital and networks, and university preference processes of Syrian students in Siirt. Finally, in the conclusion section of the study, in the light of the findings obtained as a result of the study, the migration processes of the students are transformed into migration models and the effects of the changing social networks and capitals on university preferences are discussed. Within the scope of this research, a survey was conducted among 120 Syrian students studying at Siirt University. The questions in the questionnaire include questions to reveal the social networks and capitals of the students, as well as questions about the processes of migration and university preferences. In this way, the effect of the social networks and capital of the surveyed students on their migration patterns and migration models were revealed and their relationship with their university preferences was constructed. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ammar İBRAHİMGİL Abstract: Dervish lodges, also known as tekkes, have played a significant role in Islamic society, offering multifaceted services and impacting various aspects of life. These institutions have been instrumental in supporting the establishment of Turkish Islamic states and providing services to the state. Hodja Ahmet Yassawi (d. 1166) organized these units in Khorasan as institutions ensuring social integration in newly conquered areas. Hodja Ahmet Yassawi (d. 1166) organized these units in Khorasan as institutions ensuring social integration in newly conquered areas. As of the 1150s, they became effective in Anatolia's social, political, and military fields. Especially when Anatolia came under Mongol domination, the Bektashi order, which belonged to the Babaîism branch, came to the fore regarding social, political, and military influence. The research subject of this study focuses on the architectural features of Haci Bektash Veli Tekke in Nevşehir, the administrational center of Bektashism, and Seyyid Ali (Kızıldeli) Sultan Tekke in Didymoteicho, the administrational center of Bektashism in Balkans. Apart from belonging to the same order, both lodges were shaped by Balim Sultan from the beginning of the 16th century. Also, the architectural features of the tekke buildings were compared. After explaining the order bases in Haci Bektash Veli Tekke, which is accepted as the house of the pîr (grandmaster), and the related spatial organization, the spatial organization of the buildings in Seyyid Ali Sultan Tekke is shown through drawings. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ruba KASMO Abstract: Due to a paucity and fragmentation of knowledge on Merzifonlu Paşa's endowed buildings in Aleppo, this paper seeks to illuminate their distinctive heritage values by presenting them through the history, architectural characteristics, and the city’s urban dynamics. As the endowment's main building, Khan al-Wazir, is considered one of Aleppo’s largest and most important khans, it has been analyzed in detail. Enduring urban interventions, functional changes, war, and earthquake damage, the remaining endowed buildings are in urgent need of reviving their historical and functional linkages and restoring them in a way that displays their cultural significance both as unique examples of architecture and as active facilities within the urban network. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Elif YAPRAK BAŞARAN; Özlem SAĞIROĞLU DEMİRCİ Abstract: Anatolia is a region that has hosted many civilizations since the beginning of history and has different climatic and geographical features. From past civilizations to the present, buildings, and ruins built using very different techniques and materials, showing rural or urban characteristics, and having public or civil use have remained. These cultural assets are valuable as they are documents of these civilizations. Mosques with wooden minarets, as witnesses of the past, exist as architectural works that include the technical, material, and technological development of the Ottoman period public life. However, they are disappearing day by day due to the scarcity of users triggered by migration, the problems of finding masters and materials for their protection use, and financing problems. This article aims to document and make a typological analysis of mosques with wooden minarets in the province of Tokat, where very few examples are still available. For this purpose, a field study was carried out to cover the whole province; The data obtained are presented by evaluating through the table. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ekrem Bahadır ÇALIŞKAN; Filiz KARAKUŞ Abstract: Architectural education is a vital part of being a building designer. The courses and curriculum differ among universities at a level. However, the courses supporting design education are parallel with the work of vocational practice. One of the important fields is structural systems that are integrated with building design. It is not only the work of structure engineers; in varying shared work, the architects take the responsibility and role for shaping the structural layout and the system of the building. So, the education program is affected by this fact in most universities, and the architects and lecturers know the importance. This study investigates undergraduate students' approaches and thoughts on the relationship between architectural and structural design. The structured survey asked about the knowledge level, roles, works, and structural courses in education. As a major outcome, the students know that the architectural and structural design processes are not independent and should be executed together. The revealing results are presented and evaluated in the study. The study's main contribution is being the snapshot of students on discourse, which can also be expanded by involving more students from diverse universities. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Dilara Gökçen PAÇ Abstract: The city of Tokat is one of our cities that has managed to preserve its unique identity with its historical and cultural richness without compromising its authenticity. Many tangible and intangible cultural heritages that have survived from ancient times to the present day are indicative of this successful preservation. The traditional housing fabric, which expanded from the settlement circle around Tokat Castle, the city's initial settlement center, to spread throughout the city, encompasses both the traditional houses that continue along the streets and the traditionally positioned houses scattered throughout the area. In Tokat City, the dense traditional housing fabric is primarily located around the foothills of Tokat Castle and its immediate surroundings. Another area where the traditional housing fabric is densely found is around the Behzad Stream, near Tokat Clock Tower. The study focuses on a traditional residential example, a civilian architectural instance situated around the Behzad Stream. The objective of the study is to contribute to the memory of Tokat City's historical housing fabric by documenting a traditional house that was demolished, as a lost example of civilian architecture, through visual and technical drawings. The methodology of the study consists of a review of existing literature and an on-site study of the house, which includes measured drawings, restitution, and restoration projects. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Dilara Gökçen PAÇ Abstract: For the subject experiencing architectural space through their body, the encounter with meaning is the initial interaction with reality. This article analyzes the subject's journey in the intersection of space, which becomes a part of meaning construction by experiencing architectural space through the body, on a theoretical level.The tangible indicators of architectural objects encountered during the subject's architectural space experience have been interpreted through a method of analysis. The subject bases its strings on the body-space-experience axis, with the binding force that holds these strings together being the axis of meaning. The subject's axis of meaning is ontological and theologically based, experienced as an act of worship within the space. The subject's ontological stance in the world and its encounters during the process of being present in architectural space are analogous to a ceremonial partnership. The subject's worship experience is a meeting of architectural space that acts as an intermediary between the physical and metaphysical. The subject establishes its binding to the axis of meaning through an Islamic theology-based act of worship that enables a physical bodily experience within the space.The aim of this study is to analyze the bodily encounters during the act of worship that the subject constructs through meaning and to theoretically present the witnessed journey. The theoretical analysis of encounters in architectural space is evaluated under three fundamental conceptual headings: meaning-making, perception, and interpretation. Each fundamental conceptual analysis is created by clarifying the boundary and framework parallel to the subject's encounters with space. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Fatih Çağrı AKÇAY Abstract: When examining the planning process of healthcare buildings, which comprises phases such as programming, design, implementation, usage and evaluation, it can be observed that changes are sometimes made to projects immediately after their commissioning and occasionally even before they are put into service. This situation can be attributed to the neglect of users such as healthcare personnel, patients and their families during the planning process, leading to unmet requirements or evolving requirements over time. Designers who approach the planning process based on their assumptions or predictions can inevitably lead to the design of spaces that could negatively impact users. Therefore, expecting designers with limited observations and experiences of the process to comprehend what users discern through their experiences within healthcare facilities wouldn't be appropriate. The aim of this study is to identify spatial problems emerging in healthcare buildings through fieldwork, access the sources of these issues within the planning process and thus create a database for designers. Within the scope of the study, the focus has been on emergency departments, which are the busiest and most heavily utilized units within healthcare buildings. Functional, technical and psycho-social requirements were examined through users in two emergency departments located in Ankara. The study material consists of nationally and internationally conducted prior research on the subject, along with data obtained from field studies conducted in the emergency department of Gazi University Hospital and Lokman Hekim Hospital in Ankara. The method employed for the study included observations and examinations in these emergency departments, along with photographic documentation of the existing conditions. The study's outcomes reveal that the sampled environments encompass adverse conditions pertaining to numerous spatial parameters. Accordingly, suggestions have been made to enhance the spatial qualities of existing environments and to provide insights for future designs. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ebru GEDİK; Alper ÇALGÜNER Abstract: The design process, essentially a problem-solving activity, is deeply intertwined with communication. In this process, designers share ideas and information not only with themselves but also with external parties through various media. Communication is defined as "the process of sending information using a medium," and it serves as a pivotal intersection between the fields of design and communication. One crucial element in this design communication process is the environment. The environment acts as a physical mediator, facilitating the loading and transmission of messages that can stimulate the senses. Different environmental factors, such as the method, process, and perception, influence the formation of the designer's original idea and the overall functioning of the design process. While the literature frequently addresses the concept of "Communication Design," the specific concept of "Design Communication" itself has not received adequate examination. Furthermore, its framework within the context of industrial design discipline remains incompletely defined. As part of this study's scope, an analysis of various definitions of design communication in the literature has been conducted, leading to the identification of five distinct contexts through which the concept is approached and its framework established within the realm of industrial design discipline. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ece ERESER; Figen BEYHAN Abstract: Studies on energy efficiency and effectiveness, which have come to the agenda with the danger of depletion of natural resources and problems in energy supply, have started to find a response in the rapidly developing aviation sector as in many sectors. Airports consume large amounts of natural resources and energy during construction and operation processes. In this study, terminal buildings, which have the highest energy consumption in the airport complex, are considered. The aim of the study is to determine energy efficient design approaches that can be applied to provide efficiency in energy use in terminal buildings. In this context, through a literature review based on energy-efficient building design parameters, relevant regulations, aviation organizations' energy efficiency approaches, as well as the classification and evaluation of data obtained from sample building analyses, a guide has been developed for the energy efficiency-focused sustainable design of airport terminal buildings. This guide was then used to assess the Kahramanmaraş Airport Terminal Building as a case study. In the course of this research, it was determined that when designing airport terminal buildings with high energy consumption potential, special consideration must be given to the climatic region in which they are located. Design approaches should be shaped accordingly, taking into account factors such as land use, building orientation, building form, building envelope, shading elements design, design of renewable energy sources, location-transportation facilities, indoor environmental quality. Within this context, crucial design considerations pertaining to energy efficiency have been identified, and recommended solution strategies have been put forth. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Nurgül İNAN; Tuğçe ÇELİK Abstract: Disability, in simplest definition, is a state of being disadvantaged and limited. This situation forces them to struggle with various problems in daily life. When disability is handled holistically, not just as an individual feature, but with social and environmental factors, the accessibility of disabled to the areas they need emerges as a human rights issue. Accessibility means access to physical and virtual environments, resources. The aim of this study is to test the compliance of the urban physical space with the standards through a selected library so that the physically handicapped can access the libraries, which are areas for accessing information and research, without encountering any obstacles in the city. In addition, it is to identify the failing aspects and guide them to make them suitable. The main aim is to provide an assessment that contributes to the use of urban spaces and library buildings independently, without any accompanying persons. As a method in the study; the accessibility of a library selected as an example from the urban area was evaluated. The evaluation was made within the framework of compliance with the TSE12576- Structural Measures for Accessibility in Urban Roads, Sidewalks and Pedestrian Crossings and the Design Rules of Markings, which are the current standards in Turkey. As the scope of the study, the National Library and its immediate surroundings were chosen as an example. The urban physical conditions used by disabled individuals to reach the library were observed and measured, and their compliance with the standards and planning criteria was evaluated. A table was created in line with the criteria specified in the standards. Findings obtained through observation and measurements are shown in the table as a numerical value. The total values obtained revealed how easily disabled individuals can use urban physical spaces and the accessibility of the library building. As a result, it has been seen that the library building is suitable for disabled access in terms of urban accessibility. Situations that are not suitable for access can be made suitable by regular repairs. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Esra BAYIR; Mustafa Adil KASAPSEÇKİN Abstract: Today’s computer technology offers large amount usage of virtual environment possibilities to us. By the usage of advanced computer technologies’ skills, mankind improved their life styles and can easily supply their demands. Certainly, the usage of this technology affects also educational systems and its instruments. Especially, students and researchers can easily get the data from the virtual environment and of course researchers and scientists can share data as well. This study is to investigate the advantages of computer technologies in the field of virtual laboratory usage that is important component of educational system. In this paper, screw withdrawal strength test was used to point out the usage of virtual laboratory. The method of study based on the testing data of a particleboard screw holding ability, which was obtained under various testing conditions. These testing conditions and the results of tests were used as an input and output data for creating correlations in Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Half of the inputs and outputs were used for training, the others used for virtual testing. Finally, obtained data were evaluated with the point of average training and testing errors, and questioned the role in architectural education. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Hesam MOSHARRAF Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive review of urban morphology schools, with a focus on the English, Italian, and French schools of thought. The analysis follows standard academic methods, identifying central themes and important considerations while integrating current insights and knowledge in the field. By presenting a transparent and systematic study aligned with academic standards, this article contributes to the expansion of knowledge in urban morphology and provides a clear framework for future research.The English School, rooted in the work of Otto Schluter and popularized by MRG Conzen, emphasizes the study of the urban landscape and its impact on the city-making process. The Italian School, pioneered by Saverio Muratori and Gianfranco Caniggia, focuses on the morphology of existing cities and the relationship between buildings and urban form. The French School, founded by Philippe Panerai, Jean Castex, and Jean Charles Depaule, combines design theory and city-building theory, incorporating ideas from sociologists and architectural historians. The article highlights the contributions of these schools and their relevance in understanding urban from analysis. Finally, a comparison is made among these schools, along with providing criticism to enhance our understanding of them. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Neslihan DEVRAN; Fatih Çağrı AKÇAY Abstract: Similar to other disciplines, architectural activities; gaining qualifications related to functional, technical and aesthetic parameters; is sprouting on the competition floor. In architecture competitions organized by many participants by allocating high-level workforce, time and budget, despite the mentioned size of the entries, the outputs may be incompatible with expectations and have problematic content. There are many studies in literature that illustrate the input – output discrepancy in architecture competitions; law, cost, ideology, sub-stage operation, etc. it points out the sources of problems related to the string of factors. This research focuses on the spatial/formal problems encountered in competition result products through the actions carried out in sub-stages. The research, which has gained experimental content through Nazım Hikmet Cultural Center, is based on concept project, implementation project, observations about current usage and the architect’s determinations about the organization. With the method followed in the research, it is tried to identify the sources of problems in the sub-stages of the competition. It is thought that repeated results of similar researches are needed in order to make the competition mission sustainable. According to the research results; i) The dominance of the employer is in question in an important part of the sub-stages of the competition. ii) Employer interventions have caused spatial problems and capacity problems in the usage stage. iii) The revisions carried out independently of the architect in the architectural project did not increase the spatial or formal quality. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
Authors:Ayorinde OLUYEMİ; Oluwafemi ADELABU, Professor E.b. Oladumiye OLADUMİYE Abstract: A simple package design is void of horror vacui (.i.e. without too many design elements). The question is – how possible can product naming persuade potential consumers without other attractive design elements such as colour and images' Thus, this study builds on existing body knowledge adapted from FBM. One of the rationales of this study is that product naming in relation to package designs should solve the problems of identification and persuasion. For these problems to be solved, designers work with shapes, colours, typefaces, and other imagery; however, they do not have mastery of product naming. Meanwhile, certain clients are believed to be ready to accept the contribution of the designers concerning product naming or branding of the product. Hence, the product stimuli used in this study are package designs of nonalcoholic beverages whose images are reconstructed using Adobe Photoshop CS6 to reveal the name. These are then exposed to the participants for evaluation and finally analyzed by using scatter plots, independent sample T-test, and one-way ANOVA to study the relationships. Based on the modified FBM (Fogg Behavioural Model) adopted, the correlation between the factors (motivation and ability) has a positive relationship but the strongest relationship happens in names that require less mental task for identification as well as possessing positive or related association. But for novel or strange names, advertising will be necessary. Since the sender and receiver of these visual messages are designers and consumers respectively, designing to fit consumers' prior knowledge, frequent and widespread product advertisements are important to make the product name of simple package design more persuasive. Designers and other stakeholders can adopt a modified FBM model to prove the feasibility of their creative designs in the aspect of imagery and other forms of visual communication such as product names. However, there is a need for further research on this particular subject because this present study is briefly executed through an exploratory study by using existing brand names of selected non-alcoholic beverages. A similar study can be carried out by using both fictional names and existing names for the purpose of comparison. PubDate: Fri, 29 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +030
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