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Abstract: Arron Inglis, cover to The John McGahern Barracks by Tom Inglis, booklet accompanying the museum in the barracks, Cootehall, Co. Roscommon, 2021.John McGahern provides a thick description of life in rural Ireland during the latter half of the twentieth century. His fiction and memoir offer insights into the emotional lives of the Irish, particularly of men enmeshed in family and community—insights that most historians, anthropologists, and sociologists are unable to capture through ordinary disciplinary sources. McGahern's ability to reach into the minds of the people of Leitrim and Roscommon—after having lived with, listened to, and observed them for most of his life—makes his writing extraordinarily useful for an ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: This article examines the personal and professional relationships between two couples: writer and critic Mary "Mollie" Maguire Colum (1884–1957) and her husband Padraic Colum (1881–1972), poet, folklorist, dramatist, and novelist, and James Joyce (1882–1941) and his wife, muse, and occasional amanuensis Nora Barnacle Joyce (1884–1951). All four were émigrés. James and Nora left Dublin in 1904 to live variously in Trieste, Rome, Zurich, and Paris, whereas the newly married Mary and Padraic left Dublin in 1914, planning a short visit to the United States but remaining in New York for much of their lives. The personal links between Padraic and James spanned almost four decades—from their friendship as young men in ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: From its brick-and-mortar locations to its website and social-media accounts, Avoca Handweavers Limited exudes an atmosphere of plenitude and ease that it has dubbed "the wonderful world of Avoca."1 The company, which began as a modest producer and purveyor of woven textiles, has transformed itself since the mid-1980s into a retail empire and internationally recognized lifestyle brand. With an emphasis on Irish-made specialty goods, it has enjoyed a loyal customer base that values its hands-on commitment to quality. Yet in late 2015 Avoca made the surprising announcement that it had been acquired for €51 million by an unlikely party, the notorious Philadelphia-based multinational Aramark, a corporation that ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Translations and dictionaries, as Michael Cronin has observed, speak to a history of encounters—to a space where languages meet and are assessed, decoded, and reformed.1 The process of classification and explanation is central to understanding not only the languages themselves but also the relationship between them and their social and cultural contexts. Specifically, Irish-language publishing in its earliest form as it emerged in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries produced a number of valuable dictionaries, grammars, and works of translation that highlight ways in which the study of Irish has historically been conceptualized. In the preface to his 1728 Irish grammar Aodh Buí Mac Cruitín explains how a ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In January of 1831 the fiery American abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison published the first edition of his newspaper The Liberator, a publication that would go on to become, in the words of his biographer, "one of the most remarkable ventures in the history of American journalism."1 The Liberator appeared weekly without interruption for the next thirty-five years, making it one of the longest-running radical newspapers in the history of print. The paper's title invoked the South American revolutionary Simón Bolívar, but the more immediate and significant reference for Garrison was to the Irish parliamentarian and political leader Daniel O'Connell. The issue's first page signaled this, reprinting an article from ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: For James Hoban of Washington, DC, a speaker at the National Repeal Convention for the Friends of Ireland in Philadelphia, Daniel O'Connell's campaign to repeal the British-Irish union of 1801 was the preeminent cause of the nineteenth century. It was also the most deserving of American humanitarian assistance in his judgment. Hoban clearly indicated that "our sympathies may be with Ireland as they were with Greece, with South America, and with the suffering Poles." Hoban expressed the hope that Ireland could become the object of the "heart throbbing which made America send a voice of encouragement to Greece [and] to South America when they were struggling to snap the bonds" that had so long confined their limbs.1 ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: One can hardly begin to fathom the contempt that the Irish working-class communities of central Pennsylvania must have had for James McParlan, the Irish-born member of the Pinkerton detectives who gave testimony against the Molly Maguires at their trials in 1876. McParlan was a man who not only crossed a picket line but was also chiefly responsible through his testimony for the death of twenty members of the community. By working for a strike-breaking private-detective company, by playing a key role in a series of show trials rife with sectarianism and anti-Irish sentiment, by doing so in concert with a universally hated sectarian, nativist newspaper, and by effectively wiping out the main community organization in ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: A short notice in the October 1949 issue of the Irish Independent led with the headline "No Bidders for Parnell Banner." The "hand-embroidered banner" in question, known as the Irish National Banner when first exhibited in 1890, had been for sale in a Dublin auction but was left unsold.1 On the previous day the same newspaper had published a photograph of the banner along with a reference to its provenance: it had been "presented by the Irish nationalist members of parliament to the leader Charles Stewart Parnell (1846–1891), then at the zenith of his political fame and popularity." It also identified Walter Crane (1845–1915), "under the direction of an authority on heraldry," as the designer and Una Ashworth ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: With certain people the physical degeneracy of the present generation is a pet theme. Those who are always talking of it are also fond of detecting the blemishes in their own countrymen….The deleterious effects of town life upon the people of these counties are, according to an eminent medical authority, principally responsible for our physical degeneracy.The general adoption by the Irish people of whole meal … would not only benefit the race physically but would also tend to revive the milling industry of the country.Fears of physical degeneration or deterioration took many forms in Ireland before the Great War. Understanding physical degeneracy as the pervasive belief that a particular society's physical health ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Art critics, biographers, and other writers interested in the work of Jack B. Yeats have tended to concentrate on his "high" art, particularly his paintings dating to the first half of the twentieth century.1 In contrast to the close scrutiny that Yeats's paintings have received in the scholarly literature, his copious comic-strip and cartoon output in British comics and satirical magazines has received relatively slight attention, even though he created this material throughout most of his working life and such works outnumbered by far the paintings that he produced.2 As Michael Connerty explains in his article on Yeats's comic strips in various British comics in the 1890s and early 1900s, Yeats's career "has ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: As the Irish Republican Army waged war on crown forces during the Irish War of Independence, British control of large parts of Ireland collapsed. The escalating conflict was a boon for those who could profit from the slackening of law and order, especially those in the business of illegal distillation. This raised a dilemma for republican paramilitaries. Fighting a guerilla campaign against an enemy with significant advantages in terms of financing and equipment, the IRA could scarcely afford to divert resources toward combating the poitín trade in the Irish countryside. Yet it did. In fact, the second half of 1920 witnessed a serious campaign in which local IRA commanders, acting on their own initiative, sought to ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: In March 1954 the Irish writer, cook, and radio personality Maura Laverty wrote to her U.S. agent Helen Strauss at the William Morris Agency. Explaining that she enjoyed personal connections with the editors of particular U.S. magazines, Laverty requested that she continue to send stories directly to those editors rather than through Strauss. In the letter Laverty uses a particularly suggestive turn-of-phrase:There are a few markets in America on which I have concentrated. Occasionally, I write something which I feel is tailored for them—and, sure enough, when I send it off, it wings straight to their pages like a homing bird to its nest. The editors concerned are my very good friends—Betty Finnin of "Woman's ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: A fundraising program for new churches in 1950s Cork was, in the words of Dr. William Philbin, "the most imaginative enterprise of its kind that has been witnessed in Ireland in the present century."1 The Catholic bishop of Clonfert was speaking at the consecration of Gurranebraher's new church in Cork city in May 1955. A call for donations had been initiated two years earlier by a young and energetic new bishop, Dr. Cornelius Lucey (1902–82), best known until that time as a clerical sociologist, academic, and public intellectual.2 Upon the death in 1952 of Dr. Daniel Cohalan, who had served as bishop of Cork for more than thirty years, Lucey quickly set about planning an ambitious fundraising initiative to pay for ... Read More PubDate: 2023-02-20T00:00:00-05:00
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