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Abstract: During the "Decade of Centenaries" much new scholarly work has appeared in the form of books and articles on the War of Independence of 1919–21 and the Civil War of 1922–23. Both of these subjects have been greatly enriched by this renewed attention over the past ten or a dozen years. This enhancement of the corpus of scholarship has been facilitated by the granting of new scholarly access to large collections of historical records, including the witness statements collected by the Bureau of Military History in Dublin; the detailed personnel records of the Military Service Pensions Collection in the same city; the county-based series of compensation claims hosted by the Irish National Archives, Dublin; and the ... Read More PubDate: 2023-11-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The Irish Civil War opened with a six-week "conventional phase" during which the anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army (hereafter called the IRA) controlled most of the province of Munster, which historians often term the "Munster Republic."1 This period ended when the National Army seized Cork city and the other major cities and towns in the province following simultaneous amphibious landings along the Cork coast. The IRA retreated into the hills and remote hinterland and thereafter controlled only a fraction of the province.Megan A. Stewart and Yu-Ming Liou have argued that "territorial control is a tremendous military asset for insurgents, and such control should enhance any group's strength and latent capacity for ... Read More PubDate: 2023-11-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: "My father had us all stretched on the floor after the first rattle of the slates. … 'Stretch,' he said, 'because the bullets will come in the windows.'"1 Eighty-nine-year-old Michael Fleming moved closer to the oral historian's microphone to share one of his earliest memories of how the violence of the Irish Revolution invaded his childhood home in Kilcummin, Co. Kerry. He was eight years old in 1921 when crown forces raided the family farm about six kilometers northeast of Killarney, a safehouse for the local IRA during the War of Independence and Civil War. "My aunt was in Cumann na mBan," Michael explained, "but my father" Gearóid Fleming, a farmer with six boys and two girls, "could do nothing" except "give ... Read More PubDate: 2023-11-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: On 2 november 1922 a short article entitled "The Lot of Women in Tralee" was published in Poblacht na hÉireann (Republic of Ireland), an anti-Treaty newspaper. It took notice of the reports in the daily press of the "arrest by F.S. [Free State] troops of 10 Tralee girls" on 10 October. It was evident, the author noted, that "the Dublin Guards have failed to terrorise the women of Tralee into foreswearing their allegiance to the Irish Republican Army by breaking into homes at midnight, dragging them from their beds, painting their bodies, and heaping upon them every outrage and indignity that only the mentality of the Dublin Guards is capable of devising."1 The National Army had landed at Fenit near Tralee on 2 ... Read More PubDate: 2023-11-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Until 1966, when Fianna Fáil's Jack Lynch became taoiseach, the politics of the Irish Republic were dominated by men who had become prominent in the War of Independence (1919–21) and the resulting Civil War (1922–23). There is nothing unusual about a revolutionary cohort continuing to dominate a new state in this way. That it could be a bone of contention is suggested by the character of Moran in John McGahern's novel Amongst Women. Moran asks of the independence struggle, "What did we get for it' A country, if you'd believe them. Some of our own johnnies in the top jobs instead of a few Englishmen."1 This veteran of both the War of Independence and the Civil War clearly suffered from postrevolutionary ... Read More PubDate: 2023-11-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: One could be forgiven for assuming that the Irish Civil War was a conflict that split the entire nation, with everyone clearly taking one side or the other. The term "civil-war politics" dominated political discourse and analysis in the Twenty-Six Counties until quite recently and perpetuated the notion that supporters of the two main political parties in the Republic of Ireland were the descendants of those who had fought for or supported one side or the other during the Civil War.1 It would be more accurate to describe this twentieth-century political phenomenon as "Treaty-split politics," given the fact that a large proportion of not only the general population but also the IRA itself remained neutral during the ... Read More PubDate: 2023-11-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: Emboldened by the military and judicial weaknesses of the new state and its truncated apparatus of repression in the early 1920s, and highly impatient for comprehensive new land-purchase legislation, large elements of Irish rural society became deeply engaged in a many-sided land war of almost national scope and extremely wide dimensions—a dramatic upsurge in multifaceted rural conflicts and collective action perhaps rivaling in their intensity (if not their duration) the great agitations of the 1880s under the Land and National Leagues as well as the Ranch War of 1907–12.1 Greatly elevated levels of agrarian violence and intimidation deeply marked the revolutionary period of 1919–23, influenced to some extent by ... Read More PubDate: 2023-11-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: County Tipperary is of particular interest in any examination of what has been termed the "last land war" in the midst of the Civil War of 1922–23.1 More Big Houses (twenty-nine mansions) of the fading Irish landed gentry and aristocracy were burned in this county than in any other in all of Ireland between January 1922 and April 1923. What remains to be discovered is the combination of motivations that prompted incendiarism on such a widespread scale in this particular county.2 Quite recently, Terence Dooley has drawn attention to the much greater role played by land hunger and agrarianism during the Civil War of 1922–23 in southern Ireland, though he is careful to identify and discuss the other motives that were ... Read More PubDate: 2023-11-10T00:00:00-05:00
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Abstract: The Irish Civil War of 1922–23 was a conflict of great consequence both for the national revolution that it terminated and for the new state that it inaugurated. The deadly divisions that appeared within Ireland's independence movement over the Treaty with Britain touched on profound questions concerning the principles and ideals of the recent revolution. Yet in the ensuing "war of friends" the opposing sides waged an often brutal but mismatched and highly localized fight inflected by animosities and allegiances from the recent revolution as well as from older divisions and frictions in Irish society. In the patchy geography of mostly low-level rural violence, no part of the country stands out more than County ... Read More PubDate: 2023-11-10T00:00:00-05:00
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